Suchergebnisse

El patrimonio cultural y con él la imagen que se nos ofrece de sus elementos, suele actuar alegóricamente como marca de un destino turístico o como símbolo de una etapa histórica. La sensibilización de la sociedad opera mediante apropiaciones de elementos claves, que constituyen iconos en el imaginario colectivo. Los poderes públicos suelen adueñarse de edificios y lugares emblemáticos para construir con ellos unos referentes, sobre los que se subrayan los valores que interesan a su ideología. La capacidad de instrumentar políticamente el patrimonio se agrava a partir del siglo XX, cuando la manipulación icónica de las masas y la anestesia de la colectividad hace asumir como propias identidades (re) creadas bajo el paraguas del engaño. Como en todo proceso de construcción intelectual, estas apropiaciones dependen de los intereses y las proyecciones del intérprete. Por eso, es necesario despertar la mirada crítica de la ciudadanía hacia su memoria, y reflexionar sobre las restricciones ideológicas presentes en la identificación del patrimonio cultural. Esto se aprecia durante la etapa del franquismo, cuando se impone una idea de nación con mayor violencia simbólica. En ese esfuerzo de nacionalización se emplea el patrimonio como elemento de identidad. Y en lugares como Santiago de Compostela, cuya catedral se utiliza como santuario de la nueva cruzada, su intención legitimadora permite reflexionar sobre la relación entre patrimonio e ideología desde el punto de vista de los espacios patrimoniales y bajo el enfoque de la educación patrimonial. ; Cultural heritage and with it the image we are given by its elements, it tends to operate allegorically, as a tourist destination or as a symbol of a historical stage. As we know, the sensitization of the society operates by means of appropriations of key elements, which constitute icons in the collective imagination. Public authorities tend to take over buildings and landmarks to build with them some references on which, the values that are of interest to their ideology, outline. The ability to implement heritage politically worsens from the 20th century, when the iconic manipulation of the masses and the collectivity anesthesia make asume as their own, identities (re)created under the umbrella of the deception. As in any process of intelectual construction, these appropriations depend on the interests and the projections of the interpreter. Because of it, it is necessary to wake up the critical look of the citizenship towards his memory, and to think about the ideological present restrictions in the identification of the cultural heritage. This is estimated during the stage of the Franco's regime, when an idea of nation is imposed by a more symbolic violence. In this effort of nationalization, the heritage is used as element of identity. And in places like Santiago de Compostela, whose Cathedral is in use as shrine of the new crusade, his intention to legitimize, allows to think about the relationship, between heritage and ideology, from the point of view of the heritage spaces and under the approach of the heritage education.

El mar es un medio de gran importancia en Galicia, sin embargo, se percibe que el alumnado no lo considera como elemento patrimonial, probablemente por su escasa presencia en el currículum de Educación Primaria. La aproximación holística hacia el mar desde la escuela puede favorecer su valoración crítica y fomentar procesos de identificación cultural. Se lleva a cabo una intervención con alumnado de Educación Primaria con el doble objetivo de identificar percepciones acerca del mar en su dimensión patrimonial y contribuir a la construcción de una ciudadanía socialmente comprometida y responsable con el entorno local. A través de un estudio de corte cualitativo, los resultados apuntan que la educación patrimonial contribuye a concienciar al alumnado sobre la condición cultural del mar y a desarrollar una actitud de atención y cuidado con su conservación y disfrute.

Résumé La restauration des monuments joue un rôle clé. En effet, elle permet de ré-habiter des bâtiments historiques qui, du fait de leur évolution, de leurs dimensions, de leur conception dans l'espace ou de leur situation géographique, constituent une offre de services pour la communauté à laquelle ils appartiennent. Cette renaissance se traduit, dans l'Espagne du xx e siècle, par l'aménagement de certains bâtiments classés patrimoine historique en « Paradores Nacionales » . L'un des exemples les plus éloquents et qui remonte à 1954, est la transformation en « Parador Nacional de Turismo » de l'ancien Hôpital inauguré par les Rois Catholiques en 1499 et stratégiquement construit à côté de la Cathédrale de Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle. Les conséquences du passage d'un Hôpital Royal pour pèlerins à un Hôtel de luxe pour touristes, ainsi que la dimension touristique et le rôle moteur de cette restauration du patrimoine, ont été analysés dans le dialogue interdisciplinaire entre une géographe et une historienne de l'art.

El patrimonio cultural y con él la imagen que se nos ofrece de sus elementos, suele actuar alegóricamente como marca de un destino turístico o como símbolo de una etapa histórica. La sensibilización de la sociedad opera mediante apropiaciones de elementos claves, que constituyen iconos en el imaginario colectivo. Los poderes públicos suelen adueñarse de edificios y lugares emblemáticos para construir con ellos unos referentes, sobre los que se subrayan los valores que interesan a su ideología. La capacidad de instrumentar políticamente el patrimonio se agrava a partir del siglo XX, cuando la manipulación icónica de las masas y la anestesia de la colectividad hace asumir como propias identidades (re)creadas bajo el paraguas del engaño. Como en todo proceso de construcción intelectual, estas apropiaciones dependen de los intereses y las proyecciones del intérprete. Por eso, es necesario despertar la mirada crítica de la ciudadanía hacia su memoria, y reflexionar sobre las restricciones ideológicas presentes en la identificación del patrimonio cultural. Esto se aprecia durante la etapa del franquismo, cuando se impone una idea de nación con mayor violencia simbólica. En ese esfuerzo de nacionalización se emplea el patrimonio como elemento de identidad. Y en lugares como Santiago de Compostela, cuya catedral se utiliza como santuario de la nueva cruzada, su intención legitimadora permite reflexionar sobre la relación entre patrimonio e ideología desde el punto de vista de los espacios patrimoniales y bajo el enfoque de la educación patrimonial. ; Cultural heritage and with it the image we are given by its elements, it tends to operate allegorically, as a tourist destination or as a symbol of a historical stage. As we know, the sensitization of the society operates by means of appropriations of key elements, which constitute icons in the collective imagination. Public authorities tend to take over buildings and landmarks to build with them some references on which, the values that are of ...

This paper presented the results of a heritage education intervention in a non-formal context via a collective photographic exhibition organised by a cultural association. In accordance with the Faro Convention on the value of cultural heritage for society, people's role in the construction and sustaining of their identity is recognised, and the fostering of shared responsibility towards the environment was sought. A mixed methodology was employed in order to evaluate the effects of participation in this project on the perception of heritage, to analyse what relationship there was between this conception and the photographic output, and to explain to what extent participation in a collective exhibition had an influence on the emotional resignification of everyday heritage. The results showed that the participants modified their traditional conception of heritage towards a symbolic-identity type, consciously questioned their relationship and commitment with everyday places, and rediscovered their environment by way of a contextualised learning sequence ; This research was funded by the Spanish Government's National R&D&I: Teaching competences aimed to improve student's learning (PGC2018-094491-B-C31) and co-funding from the ERDF of the EU ; SI

This paper presents the results of a research project carried out in Portomarín, a small town in Galicia (Spain), which was flooded as a result of the construction of a dam in 1963. A new town was built a short distance away, but a strong sense of rootlessness remains among the inhabitants of the town. To what extent does the population of Portomarín recognise its memory regarding the forced removal as heritage? What means can be employed to incorporate the historical process of the forced removal into its identity? How can heritage education contribute towards the population overcoming these feelings of rootlessness? The inhabitants' conceptions of their forced removal were identified, and an educational activity was implemented in the town's school regarding the process of the removal. The hypothesis is confirmed that a community that does not foster intergenerational dialogue about its past (which in this case was traumatic) and does not develop its own strategy to assist in explaining and understanding its local history does not construct a shared identity ; This research has received funding from the Spanish Government's National R&D&I: Teaching competences aimed to improve student's learning (PGC2018-094491-B-C31) and co-funding from the ERDF of the EU ; SI

Abstract: The agricultural and livestock sectors are facing several challenges to achieve the current EU environmental objectives. Reducing Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions and ensuring that a great share of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium coming from renewable sources is one of the major policy goals. In this context, farmers are continuously looking to adopt innovative technologies and solutions that may ensure sustainable food production systems. The adoption process of innovations at the farm level based on the circular economy concept may improve resource efficiency, allow the reuse and recovery of nutrients, and reduce the negative effect of emissions on soils, water, and air. The farmers' decision to accept and adopt the innovative solutions depends mainly on the initial investments and return, benefits and costs, farm structure, farmers' socio-economic characteristics, farmers' attitudes, opinions and behavior and, external markets conditions among other determinant reasons. This study aims at identifying the determinant factors and barriers that affect farmers' adoption of several Circular Agronomy Solutions using a semi-structured questionnaire on an exploratory sample of farmers in 5 EU countries. Preliminary results showed that the level of acceptance of the proposed innovations is highly related to farmers' economic motivations and objectives. The cost of the investment, the return rate, the institutional support, risk, and environmental attitude play a relevant role in the adoption decision. Results of the adoption preferences may assist policy-makers in designing more specific and efficient measures and tools that may help farmers to face the current environmental challenges and social needs.

Groundwater pollution has increased in recent years due to the intensification of agricultural and livestock activities. This results in a significant reduction in available freshwater resources. Here, we have studied the long term assessment of a green technology (1-4 L/day) based on a photobioreactor (PBR) containing immobilised microalgae-bacteria in polyurethane foam (PF) followed by a cork filter (CF) for removing nitrates, pesticides (atrazine and bromacil), and antibiotics (sulfamethoxazole and sulfacetamide) from groundwater. The prototype was moderately effective for removing nitrates (58%) at an HRT of 8 days, while its efficiency decreased at a HRT of 4 and 2 days (<20% removal). The combined use of PBR-CF enabled antibiotics and pesticides to be attenuated by up to 95% at an HRT of 8 days, but their attenuation decreased with shorter HRT, with pesticides being the compounds most affected (reducing from 97 to 98% at an HRT of 8 days to 23-45% at an HRT of 2 days). Pesticide transformation products were identified after the CF, supporting biodegradation as the main attenuation process. A gene-based metataxonomic assessment linked the attenuation of micropollutants to the presence of specific pesticide biodegradation species (e.g. genus Phenylobacterium, Sphingomonadaceae, and Caulobacteraceae). Therefore, the results highlighted the potential use of microalgae and cork to treat polluted groundwater. ; The authors wish to thank the financial support of the European Union through the project LIFE18 ENV/ES/000199 and the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through Project CTM2017-91355-EXP. Finally, European Commission (Erasmus program) and Government of Chile for supporting Lorenzo Rambaldo and Héctor Avila Cortés's visit at IDAEA-CSIC in Barcelona, Spain. ; Peer reviewed

Abstract Background Mutations in LRRK2 are a common genetic cause of Parkinson's disease (PD). LRRK2 interacts with and phosphorylates a subset of Rab proteins including Rab8a, a protein which has been implicated in various centrosome-related events. However, the cellular consequences of such phosphorylation remain elusive. Methods Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells stably expressing wildtype or pathogenic LRRK2 were used to test for polarity defects in the context of centrosomal positioning. Centrosomal cohesion deficits were analyzed from transiently transfected HEK293T cells, as well as from two distinct peripheral cell types derived from LRRK2-PD patients. Kinase assays, coimmunoprecipitation and GTP binding/retention assays were used to address Rab8a phosphorylation by LRRK2 and its effects in vitro. Transient transfections and siRNA experiments were performed to probe for the implication of Rab8a and its phosphorylated form in the centrosomal deficits caused by pathogenic LRRK2. Results Here, we show that pathogenic LRRK2 causes deficits in centrosomal positioning with effects on neurite outgrowth, cell polarization and directed migration. Pathogenic LRRK2 also causes deficits in centrosome cohesion which can be detected in peripheral cells derived from LRRK2-PD patients as compared to healthy controls, and which are reversed upon LRRK2 kinase inhibition. The centrosomal cohesion and polarity deficits can be mimicked when co-expressing wildtype LRRK2 with wildtype but not phospho-deficient Rab8a. The centrosomal defects induced by pathogenic LRRK2 are associated with a kinase activity-dependent increase in the centrosomal localization of phosphorylated Rab8a, and are prominently reduced upon RNAi of Rab8a. Conclusions Our findings reveal a new function of LRRK2 mediated by Rab8a phosphorylation and related to various centrosomal defects. ; S.H. was supported by the Michael J. Fox Foundation, the BBVA Foundation, FEDER, and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (SAF2014–58653-R). E.G. was funded by the Michael J. Fox Foundation. J-M.T. and M.-C. C.-H. were funded by the Michael J. Fox Foundation, and M.-C.C.-H. was supported by Inserm, CHU de Lille, Lille University and the Ministère de la Recherche et de la Santé (PHRC Convergence). We gratefully acknowledge funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Marie Sklodowska-Curie Action Individual Fellowship to J.-M.T.). A.C.N. was supported by the Dept. of the Army (USAMRAA W23RYX-9049-N610) and NIH (DA10044). This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute on Aging (to M.R.C.).

El presente libro, fruto de las X Jornadas de Estudiantes de Postgrado en Humanidades, Artes, Ciencias Sociales y Educación, es una recopilación de textos que plantean múltiples modos de pensar los Bicentenarios en América Latina. Esta colección de estudios transita por tres ejes esenciales que permiten abordar las problemáticas de nuestro continente: el primer eje versa sobre las teorías culturales latinoamericanas y sus contextos, propuestas y proyecciones, en tanto vehículos para la resistencia cultural; un segundo eje considera algunas reflexiones histórico-políticas del siglo XX latinoamericano, reposicionando conceptos como política, poder y democracia, a partir del análisis de discursos y prácticas alternativas a las oficiales y tradicionales; finalmente, un tercer eje trata los procesos de mestizaje y mediación a través del examen de sistemas visuales y musicales de representación, que ponen en evidencia novedosas estrategias discursivas. Como consecuencia, este libro busca abrir el debate a partir del examen de diferentes espacios culturales y enfoques disciplinarios, atendiendo a las configuraciones de poder, a los mecanismos socioculturales de inclusión-exclusión que los cruzan a los movimientos de resistencia que se generan en dichos contextos.