Suchergebnisse

Il capitolo analizza gli scritti di A. J. Toynbee come storico e corrispondente speciale del «Manchester Guardian» dal fronte della guerra greco-turca (1919-1922). In particolare, viene esaminato il passaggio avvenuto in Toynbee dall'iniziale filo-ellenismo a un atteggiamento decisamente filo-turco, illustrando l'importanza che ebbe nella sua elaborazione del concetto di "civiltà" e "contatto di civiltà", divenuto poi centrale nella sua filosofia della storia. L'attenzione si concentra sulle corrispondenze di guerra di Toynbee, sulla sua opera fondamentale The Western Question in Greece and Turkey (1922), sulle complesse questioni che lo hanno portato a dimettersi dalla cattedra Koraes che aveva al King's College. ; The chapter analyzes the writings of A. J. Toynbee as a historian and special correspondent for the «Manchester Guardian» from the front of the Greco-Turkish war (1919-1922). In particular, the passage that occurred in Toynbee, from the initial pro-Hellenism to a decidedly pro-Turkish attitude, is examined, illustrating the importance it had in elaborating the concept of "civilization" and "contact of civilization" which would later become central in his philosophy of history. The focus is on Toynbee's war correspondences, on his seminal work The Western Question in Greece and Turkey (1922), on the complex issues that led him to resign from the Koraes Chair he held at King's College.

Capire come sia mutata la Russia nell'ultimo ventennio, quale sia stato il ruolo di Putin, due volte primo ministro, quattro volte Presidente, e ora in cerca di una strada costituzionale per potersi garantire ulteriori mandati presidenziali, non è semplice. Gli aspetti da considerare, in un'analisi che voglia essere puntuale, sono molti e complessi. Qui vorrei limitarmi a evidenziare sul fronte della politica interna e della politica estera i temi che mi sembrano di maggiore rilevanza per favorire una riflessione sul profilo che, sotto la sua guida, la Russia è venuta assumendo, non escludendo una breve considerazione sulla stretta attualità, ora dominata dalla pandemia che non l'ha risparmiata.

The chapter analyses the "Ukrainian Question", through examples of old and new analyses on Ukrainian identity, starting from an essay written by the British historian A.J. Toynbee in 1916, when the result of the WW1 and the future of Ukraine was still uncertain. Toynbee's assumptions are compared with interpretations given by various authors from 19th up to 21st centuries, showing that the crux of the matter is still debated by conteporary analysts. In conclusion, it is expressed the hope that the new presidency could take significant steps in order to consolidate the Ukrainian sovereignity in a peaceful perspective of democratic development.

The essay analyses the impact of Crimean war on the Russian and Ottoman empires. These were both pushed, in a different way but with a similar intent, to begin a complex policy of modernisation, giving its fruits in the 1860s and 1870s. Both Empires, located at the periphery of Europe, were governed by autocratic monarchs, lacked a tradition of civil rights and self-government and suffered from the comparison with the West, which represented in the Nineteenth century the successful model to be followed in order to survive and thrive. After an examination of the direct consequences of the Crimean war on both empires, the essay describes the reforms they undertook in the post-war years. The Ottoman empire adopted a series of measures in the military, judiciary, bureaucratic, religious spheres to cope with the requests done by its Christian subjects, supported by foreign powers. In the Russian empire, the Tsar Alexander the Second launched an important series of reforms, starting from the abolition of serfdom and the emancipation of the peasants. In conclusion the article assesses the results of this common reform efforts, underlying that notwithstanding limits and contradictions it inaugurated a new epoch in the history of both empires.

The article analyzes when and how the figure and the poetry of Taras Ševčenko were presented in Italy and in France during the second half of the 19th century. The first serious contribution to the knowledge of Ševčenko's œuvre was made in Italy by Mixail Drahomanov: under the pseudonym "Ukraino", he wrote in 1873, on the pages of Angelo De Gubernatis' "Rivista europea" (1869-1876). Drahomanov's rich and long essay on the "Ruthenian" literary movement assessed the conception of Little-Russia/Ukraine in order to help the Italian public to understand the complexity of the Eastern Slavic world. In France, apparently, Ševčenko's name was known as early as 1862, but an appreciable evaluation took place only at the end of the 1870s. A primary role was played by the liberal-conservative "Revue des deux mondes", where Émile Durand published, notwithstanding some resistance from the editor, a very serious and inspired article on Ševčenko's life and works, thanks to the general interest in the Slavic world and its cultural and political developments shown by the French journal. All the authors dealing with Ukrainian culture in general and with Ševčenko in particular expressed the hope that knowledge about them could grow in the future: unfortu- nately, this did not happen in any appreciable measure and even now Ukraine and its major poet are little known in Western countries.