Suchergebnisse

The EU Energy Services Directive 2006/32/EC (ESD) mandates Member States to develop National Energy Efficiency Action Plans (NEEAPs) that reveal insights and demonstrate measures on how Member States plan to achieve energy efficiency targets. Additional ambitious targets for energy efficiency improvement have been established by the European Union and by some Member States, including Germany. To evaluate whether energy efficiency really follows such ambitious paths, it is essential to closely monitor its development, not only on the macro level but also on a sectoral level. A detailed sectoral analysis helps to reveal the causes and effects of efficiency improvements, i.e. it also allows evaluating countervailing factors that may undermine the success of efficiency measures. Such a detailed sector analysis needs to be based on a system of pinpointing, up-to-date and well documented numbers and indicators. The purpose of this paper is to present such a system of meaningful sectoral and macroeconomic numbers and indicators for the case of Germany. The paper will depict the current state of energy efficiency and past trends in Germany based on a consistent data base and aggregated informative indicators on key figures. The paper aims to inform on the quality of different sets of data, aggregation methods, indicators and will clearly show the discrepancies this may imply for estimation of future trends and projections. The authors conclude that a harmonized set of indicators based on both macro and sectoral analysis by all European countries is highly desirable in order to monitor the progress made on EU level. Those indicators would need to be selected with view of existing statistical sources at national level as comprehensive and frequently updated statistics are a prerequisite to determine meaningful indicators. Therefore, mandating comparable studies in all EU countries would be an important step to generate a European set of energy efficiency indicators to be recommended by the European Commission to Member States. Regular and coherent reporting (requirements) on the national level would facilitate a stringent and consistent impact analysis of efficiency policies on the aggregated EU as well as national levels.

As a background study for the preparation of the German 2007 Projection Report and other projects of climate policy, scenarios are created in the "Policy Scenarios for Climate Protection IV" project with regard to the development of greenhouse gas emissions from German source sectors for the time period of 2000 to 2030. They are: $\bullet$ a $\textit{with measures scenario}$ (WMS), in which climate protection and energy policy measures adopted within the time period of 2000 to mid-2006 are taken into consideration and which is awarded a high level of prognostic relevance; $\bullet$ a $\textit{without measures scenario}$ (WOMS), in which a hypothetical development is described, had these measures not been adopted; $\bullet$ a $\textit{with additional measures scenario}$ (WAMS), in which the impact of further instruments - defined in coordination with the sponsoring agency - of climate protection and energy policy (or of relevant targets) are also taken into account in the scenario development. Within the scope of the scenario analyses, a detailed assessment is undertaken of the measures of climate protection and energy policy which have been adopted to date and which go beyond, in view of their impact on the development of German greenhouse gas emissions. The emissions of the greenhouses gases covered by the Kyoto Protocol – carbon dioxide (CO$_{2}$), methane (CH$_{4}$), nitrous oxide (N$_{2}$O), halogenated chlorofluorocarbons (HCFC), perfluorinated hydrocarbons (PFH) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF$_{6}$) – are considered for the following source sectors: energy, industrial processes, product use and waste management. Agriculture (in view of the CH$_{4}$ and N$_{2}$O emissions), land use change and forestry were not incorporated as source sectors in the analyses in accordance with the commission of the sponsoring agency. For the scenario development, an energy system model is deployed, with the help of which the results of detailed – and in part, model-based – sectoral analyses are consolidated to a consistent and ...