Suchergebnisse

Abstract
European history has been defined as a field by a notion of Europe—its borders, values, civilization, and nationalities—that is structured by Christianity and its secular legacies. Rather than seeking to globalize the history of Europe by considering the impact of European Christianity on other parts of the world, and how it was impacted by them, this article challenges that narrative. It asks how the historiography of Europe can be integrated with the historiographies of Europe's historic non-Christian populations, namely Jews and Muslims. These are historiographies with their own rhythms, conceptual frameworks, and geographies in which Europe carries quite different connotations. They shift our attention from the north and west to the south and east, enjoining us to think differently about Europe and the diversity that has always existed within it. Separately, these historiographies speak to very different experiences. Taken together, they help us to think differently about the interface between Europe and the world, and to write the history of Europe itself against the grain.

L'histoire globale de l'Europe à l'aune de la religionL'histoire européenne en tant que champ a été construite autour d'une idée de l'Europe – de ses frontières, de ses valeurs, de sa civilisation et de ses nationalités – structurée par le christianisme et ses héritages séculiers. Plutôt que de chercher à globaliser l'histoire de l'Europe en considérant l'influence de la chrétienté sur d'autres parties du monde, et vice versa, cet article remet en question ce récit dominant. Il se demande comment l'historiographie de l'Europe peut intégrer les historiographies des populations non chrétiennes de l'Europe, à savoir les juifs et les musulmans. Ces historiographies possèdent leurs rythmes propres, ainsi que des cadres conceptuels et des géographies spécifiques, dans lesquels l'Europe revêt des connotations très différentes ; elles déplacent notre attention du Nord et de l'Ouest vers le Sud et l'Est, nous enjoignant de penser différemment l'Europe et la diversité qui a toujours existé en son sein. Séparément, ces historiographies parlent d'expériences très différentes. Prises ensemble, elles nous aident à penser d'une autre manière l'interface entre l'Europe et le monde, et à écrire l'histoire de l'Europe elle-même à contre-courant.

Jewish cosmopolitanism has long assumed a central place in the ideology of anti-Semitism. Well before the publication of "The Protocols of the Elders of Zion," the idea of international Jewish solidarity served as an argument against Jewish emancipation. In Britain, Sir Robert Inglis famously opposed granting the Jews political rights because "[t]he Jews of London have more sympathy with the Jews resident in Berlin or Vienna than with the Christians among whom they reside." Likewise, in 1840, the ultramontane Univers saw international lobbying on behalf of Jews accused of ritual murder in Damascus as proof that "the Hebrew nationality is not dead … What religious connection is there between the Talmudists of Alsace, Cologne or the East, and the Messrs. Rothschild and Crémieux?" That L'Univers saw this cosmopolitan fellow-feeling as an expression of Jewish national identity is irrelevant. The point is rather that for anti-Semites Jewish 'nationalism' was an inherently international force.

Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- List of Figures -- Chapter 1: Introduction: Jews, Liberalism, Antisemitism: Towards a Twenty-First-Century History -- Globalizing the Dialectics of Inclusion -- Recontextualizing Liberalism and the Jews -- Crossroads of Liberalism and the Jewish Experience -- Jews and/beyond the Nation, Jews in/beyond Europe -- Bibliography -- Part I: The Limits of Liberalism -- Chapter 2: Liberalism and Antisemitism: A Reassessment from the Peripheries -- Antisemitism in Romania -- The Algerian Antijuifs -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Chapter 3: Osman Bey's The Conquest of the World by Jews (1873): A Liberal Antisemitism? -- Antisemitic Pamphleteer and Militant Liberal -- Founding Modern Conspirationism: La conquête du monde par les Juifs -- The Cultural and Intellectual Sources of Osman Bey's La Conquête -- Osman Bey and the Jews: A Liberal Antisemitism? -- Bibliography -- Chapter 4: Jews and Other Others -- Jews and Other Others: What We Know and What We Miss -- The Uses and Pitfalls of Discussing Jewish Power and Privilege -- Toward a New History of Jews and Other Others -- Bibliography -- Part II: Living Liberalism -- Chapter 5: The Material of Race: Caribbean Jews, Clothing, and Manhood in the Age of Emancipation and Liberal Revolution -- Fashion, Citizenship, and Race -- Fabric -- Tailoring -- Clothing, Emancipation, Liberalism -- Bibliography -- Chapter 6: Liberalism, Antisemitism and Everyday Life in Vienna: The Tragic Case of Heinrich Jaques (1831-94) -- Becoming a Jewish Liberal: Thinking and Living in Mid-Century Vienna -- Life as a Liberal, Jewish Politician in Vienna, 1879-94 -- Conclusion: A Lasting Legacy? -- Bibliography -- Chapter 7: Giving and Dying in Liberal Italy: Jewish Men and Women in Italian Culture Wars -- Living the Secular -- Giving and Dying -- Shades of Chiaroscuro.