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This volume intends to cultivate an appreciation for the complexity of human decision making and the incentives that drive human behavior. By examining specific policy changes, it will delve into the effects of and lessons learned from regulations in financial markets, computer and internet governance, and health care innovation and delivery.

Elinor C. Ostrom, a Nobel prize winning political economist, made important contributions to common pool resources, economic governance, and polycentricity. Viviana A. Zelizer, a prominent economic sociologist, has done groundbreaking work on how culture shapes our economic lives. Together, the work of Ostrom and Zelizer spans the disciplines of economics, sociology, political science, and public policy by exploring the social relations and community-based organization of everyday life. Both scholars examine the norms, social connections, and cultural impacts of exchange and governance. This volume explores their contributions and builds off of their research programs to explore the social movements, community recovery, and war, and womens issues across a variety of disciplines, including economics, political science, sociology, history, and archaeology. Inspired by Zelizers 2019 Ostrom Speaker Series lecture for the F. A. Hayek Program for Advanced Study in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics at the Mercatus Center at George Mason University, this volume explores the connections between the work of Elinor Ostrom and Viviana Zelizer. Beginning with a lead chapter by Zelizer where she reflects on the connections between her work and Ostroms oeuvre, the volume brings together scholars who tease out some of the important concepts and implications of Ostrom and Zelizers research. This volume furthers economic inquiry by ensuring that the critical examinations of these timely and important themes are made available to students and scholars. Stefanie Haeffele is Senior Research Fellow, Senior Program and Operations Director of Academic and Student Programs, and Senior Fellow for the F. A. Hayek Program for Advanced Study in Philosophy, Politics and Economics at the Mercatus Center at George Mason University. Virgil Henry Storr is the Vice President of Academic and Student Programs the Don C. Lavoie Senior Fellow in the F.A. Hayek Program in Philosophy, Politics and Economics at the Mercatus Center at George Mason University, and a Professor of Economics in the Department of Economics at George Mason University.

Intro -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- List of Tables -- 1: Introduction -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Understanding the Role of Government in Crisis Response and Recovery Efforts -- 1.3 Summary of Chapters in the Volume -- References -- 2: The Rules of the Game and Post-Disaster Rebuilding and Recovery -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Importance of Clear Rules -- 2.3 Government and the Rules of the Game After Disaster -- 2.3.1 The Importance of Clear Rules That Are Known in Advance -- 2.3.2 Protecting Private Property -- 2.3.3 Allowing Local Actors to Step In -- 2.4 Conclusion -- References -- 3: Government as Gardener: Cultivating the Environment for Private Sector Natural Disaster Response -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Civil Society and the Private Sector -- 3.3 The Rules of the Game -- 3.4 Doing No Harm and Keeping Promises -- 3.4.1 First, Do No Harm -- 3.4.2 Keep Your Promises -- 3.5 The Role of Decentralization -- 3.6 Conclusion -- References -- 4: The Role of the Local Emergency Manager in a Centralized System of Disaster Management -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Centralization of Payment for Emergency Management and Disaster Expenses -- 4.3 The Emergency Manager -- 4.3.1 Demographics, Education, and Skills -- 4.3.2 Actions Related to Funding -- 4.3.3 Potential Scenarios -- 4.4 Threats to Local Autonomy and Analysis of the Scenarios -- 4.5 Conclusion -- References -- 5: Recognizing Vulnerability and Capacity: Federal Initiatives Focused on Children and Youth Across the Disaster Lifecycle -- 5.1 Prologue -- 5.2 Introduction -- 5.3 Social Vulnerability, Children, and Disasters -- 5.4 Top-Down Approaches to Engaging Children and Youth in Disasters: A Summary of Federal Programs -- 5.5 Top-Down Approaches to Engaging Adults and Organizations in Child-Focused Risk Reduction: A Summary of Federal Guidance.

Intro -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1: Introduction -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Why Bottom-Up Response and Recovery Efforts Matter -- 1.3 Summary of Chapters in the Volume -- References -- 2: The What, How, and Why of Bottom-Up Rebuilding and Recovery After Natural Disasters -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The What, How, and Why of Bottom-Up Responses to Disasters -- 2.2.1 What Bottom-Up Efforts Can Do -- 2.2.2 How Bottom-Up Efforts Respond and Aid in Recovery -- 2.2.3 Why Individuals Leverage Bottom-Up Efforts -- 2.3 Case Studies of Bottom-Up Efforts Following Disasters -- 2.3.1 Bottom-Up Assistance in the Orthodox Jewish Community, Bayswater, New York -- 2.3.2 The Broadmoor Improvement Association in Broadmoor, New Orleans -- 2.4 Policies That Promote Bottom-Up Efforts -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- 3: Nonviolent Action -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Early Thinkers and Practitioners -- 3.2.1 Pre-Nineteenth Century -- 3.2.2 The Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries -- 3.2.3 The Late Twentieth Century -- 3.3 Gene Sharp -- 3.4 Contemporary Work on Nonviolent Action -- 3.5 Conclusion -- References -- 4: The Private Sector's Contribution to Natural Disaster Response -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 What Has the Private Sector Done? -- 4.3 Why the Private Sector Is So Effective -- 4.4 Bottom-Up Responses Within Firms -- 4.5 Rebuilding Community Through the Market -- 4.6 Conclusion -- References -- 5: Formation of Public-Private Partnerships by Local Emergency Managers -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Federal Guidance for Local Emergency Management -- 5.2.1 Whole Community -- 5.2.2 Public-Private Partnerships and the Collective Impact Model -- 5.3 Local Emergency Management Challenges -- 5.3.1 Centralization and Instability -- 5.3.2 Emergency Management Finances.

AbstractFriedrich A. Hayek argues that "equality of the general rules of law and conduct" is the only kind of equality compatible with liberty and, moreover, that attempting to pursue equality along any other dimension is likely to destroy liberty. For Hayek, then, as a social philosopher and political economist who was principally concerned with understanding and promoting liberal order, the question "What kind of equality?" has a straightforward answer. Equality before the law, perhaps equality of opportunity in a procedural sense, is the equality that we should pursue, not material equality and certainly not equality of outcomes. One wonders, though, whether Hayek dismisses too quickly the more substantive forms of equality and, more importantly, whether we can achieve the liberal society that Hayek envisions without concerning ourselves with more than just the presence or absence of equality of the general rules of law and conduct. This essay will explore, criticize, and expand upon the way that Hayek makes use of equality in his conception of a free society. Specifically, we argue that Hayek may need a more substantive conception of equality than he is willing to deploy in order to arrive at the liberal society he hopes to bring about.

Introduction / Rosemarie Fike, Stefanie Haeffele, and Arielle John -- Irrationality is not unreasonable : behavioral economics, rationality, and implications for public policy / Mario J. Rizzo -- What is a nudge? / Jeffrey Bristol -- Why nudges should be local and decentralized / Katarina Hall -- Incentivized migration in colonial contexts : the challenge of asymmetric information in public policy nudges / Oliver McPherson-Smith -- Nudge, nations, and cultural change : the process of identity formation in Singapore / Erin Dunne -- Nudging lobbyists to register with online registration and grace periods / James M. Strickland -- Nudging choices in education policy / Shannon Lee -- Public policy, the environment, and the use of green nudges / Cynthia Boruchowicz -- The paradoxes of the privacy paradox / Will Rinehart -- Nudging, trust, and the "sharing economy" in Latin America / Luis H. Lozano Paredes.

Chapter 1: Introduction: Connecting Elinor C. Ostrom and Viviana A. Zelizer, Stefanie Haeffele and Virgil Henry Storr -- Chapter 2: Why and How do Social Relations Matter for Economic Lives? Viviana A. Zelizer -- Chapter 3: What Relational Work Brings to the Study of the Political Economy, Victoria Reyes -- Chapter 4: "Circuits of Commons": Exploring the connections between economic lives and the commons, Carolina Dalla Chiesa, Valeria Morea, and Francesca Sabatini -- Chapter 5: Testing Circuits of Commerce in the Distant Past: Archaeological Understandings of Social Relationships and Economic Lives, Crystal A. Dozier -- Chapter 6: Bringing the Family Back In: Political Economy and the Family in Liberal Theory, Brianne Wolf -- Chapter 7: Polycentric Institutions of Intimacy, Jayme S. Lemke -- Chapter 8: Beyond Relief: Understanding the Cuban Diaspora's Remittance Sending Behavior, Anne Hobson and Stefanie Haeffele -- Chapter 9: The Economic Circuits of Social Movements, V. Miranda Chase -- Chapter 10: Captains' Mail Circuits: Examining Social Relations in Letter Transfer, 1700-1774, Hannah Knox Tucker -- Chapter 11: Institutional Diversity in Social Coordination Post-Disaster, Laura E. Grube -- Chapter 12: Wartime Governance in the Syrian Civil War, Jennifer L. Hudson -- Chapter 13: The Institutional Diversity of Online E-commerce Platforms in China, Minjun Yuan and Wanlin Lin.