The Future of the Rate of Interest
In: The Manchester School, Band 8, Heft 2, S. 125-146
ISSN: 1467-9957
17 Ergebnisse
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In: The Manchester School, Band 8, Heft 2, S. 125-146
ISSN: 1467-9957
In: The Economic Journal, Band 45, Heft 178, S. 305
In: Marine corps gazette: the Marine Corps Association newsletter, Band 97, Heft 8, S. 15-19
ISSN: 0025-3170
In: The Economic Journal, Band 44, Heft 174, S. 292
In: The Economic Journal, Band 41, Heft 163, S. 474
In: The Economic Journal, Band 41, Heft 163, S. 493
In: Armor: the professional development bulletin of the armor branch, Band 2, Heft 3, S. 10-11
ISSN: 0004-2420
In: The military engineer: TME, Band 88, Heft 581, S. 45-46
ISSN: 0026-3982, 0462-4890
In: Wildlife research, Band 24, Heft 3, S. 373
ISSN: 1448-5494, 1035-3712
A technique for trapping and immobilising small macropods is described and
tested on forest-dwelling Tammar wallabies
(Macropus eugenii Desmarest). The trapping method uses
wire fencing and a monofilament nylon drop-net. The animals were immobilised
with ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine. Tammar wallabies are reputedly hard
to catch, but our technique produced higher trapping rates, lower
trap-avoidance rates and lower death rates than other methods. In all, 46
Tammars were captured in 29 trap-nights. No deaths occurred during, or in the
four weeks following, trapping.
In: Wildlife research, Band 31, Heft 2, S. 119
ISSN: 1448-5494, 1035-3712
Although feral horses are a common management problem in numerous countries, detailed and long-term demographic studies are rare. We measured the age and sex structure, and pregnancy, birth and death rates in a population of 413 feral horses in New Zealand during 1994–98 and used them to construct a model simulating population growth. Survivorship increased with age (0–1 years old = 86.8%, 1–2 = 92.3%, 2–4 = 92.4%, ≥�4 years old = females 94%, males 97% per annum). Birth sex ratio parity, a slight female bias in the adult sex ratio (92 males per 100 females) and higher adult male survivorship indicated lower average survivorship for young males than females that was not detectable in mortality statistics. Pregnancy and foaling rates for mares ≥�2 years old averaged 79 and 49%, respectively. Foaling rates increased as mares matured (2–3-year-old mares = 1.9%, 3–4 = 20.0%, 4–5 = 42.1%, ≥�5 = 61.5% per annum). Young mares had higher rates of foetal and neonatal mortality (95% of pregnancies failed and/or were lost as neonatal foals in 2–3-year-old mares, 70.6% in 3–4, 43.2% in 4–5, and 31% in mares ≥�5 years old). Population growth was 9.6% per annum (9.5–9.8, 95% CI) without human-induced mortalities (i.e. r = 0.092). Our model, standardised aerial counts, and historical estimates of annual reproduction suggest that the historical sequence of counts since 1979 has overestimated growth by ~50% probably because of improvements in count effort and technique.
Ground motion simulation validation is an important and necessary task toward establishing the efficacy of physics-based ground motion simulations for seismic hazard analysis and earthquake engineering applications. This article presents a comprehensive validation of the commonly used Graves and Pitarka hybrid broadband ground motion simulation methodology with a recently developed three-dimensional (3D) Canterbury Velocity Model. This is done through simulation of 148 small magnitude earthquake events in the Canterbury, New Zealand, region in order to supplement prior validation efforts directed at several larger magnitude events. Recent empirical ground motion models are also considered to benchmark the simulation predictive capability, which is examined by partitioning the prediction residuals into the various components of ground motion variability. Biases identified in source, path, and site components suggest that improvements to the predictive capabilities of the simulation methodology can be made by using a longer high-frequency path duration model, reducing empirical V-s30-based low-frequency site amplification, and utilizing site-specific velocity models in the high-frequency simulations. ; University of Canterbury; QuakeCoRE: The NZ Centre for Earthquake Resilience, National Hazards Research Platform (NHRP); Royal Society of New Zealand's (RSNZ) Marsden Fund; Royal Society of New Zealand's (RSNZ) Rutherford Discovery Fellowship; Royal Society of New Zealand's (RSNZ) Rutherford Postdoctoral Fellowship ; Published version ; The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Financial support of this research from the University of Canterbury, QuakeCoRE: The NZ Centre for Earthquake Resilience, National Hazards Research Platform (NHRP), and the Royal Society of New Zealand's (RSNZ) Marsden Fund, Rutherford Discovery Fellowship, and Rutherford Postdoctoral Fellowship are greatly appreciated. High-performance computing resources under the NeSI merit allocation are also greatly appreciated. ; Public domain authored by a U.S. government employee
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In: Public health genomics, Band 14, Heft 4-5, S. 307-316
ISSN: 1662-8063
<i>Objectives:</i> This study examined the levels of genetic knowledge, health literacy and beliefs about causation of health conditions among individuals in different age groups. <i>Methods:</i> Individuals (n = 971) recruited through 8 community health centers in Suffolk County, New York, completed a one-time survey. <i>Results:</i> Levels of genetic knowledge were lower among individuals in older age groups (26–35, p = 0.011; 36–49, p = 0.002; 50 years and older, p<0.001) compared to those in the youngest age group (18–25). Participants in the oldest age group also had lower health literacy than those in the youngest group (p <0.001). Those in the oldest group were more likely to endorse genetic (OR = 1.87, p = 0.008) and less likely to endorse behavioral factors like diet, exercise and smoking (OR = 0.55, p = 0.010) as causes of a person's body weight than those in the youngest group. Higher levels of genetic knowledge were associated with higher likelihood of behavioral attribution for body weight (OR = 1.25, p <0.001). <i>Conclusions:</i> Providing additional information that compensates for their lower genetic knowledge may help individuals in older age groups benefit from rapidly emerging genetic health information more fully. Increasing the levels of genetic knowledge about common complex diseases may help motivate individuals to engage in health promoting behaviors to maintain healthy weight through increases in behavioral causal attributions.
Background: Surgery is the main modality of cure for solid cancers and was prioritised to continue during COVID-19 outbreaks. This study aimed to identify immediate areas for system strengthening by comparing the delivery of elective cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in periods of lockdown versus light restriction. Methods: This international, prospective, cohort study enrolled 20 006 adult (≥18 years) patients from 466 hospitals in 61 countries with 15 cancer types, who had a decision for curative surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic and were followed up until the point of surgery or cessation of follow-up (Aug 31, 2020). Average national Oxford COVID-19 Stringency Index scores were calculated to define the government response to COVID-19 for each patient for the period they awaited surgery, and classified into light restrictions (index 60). The primary outcome was the non-operation rate (defined as the proportion of patients who did not undergo planned surgery). Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to explore the associations between lockdowns and non-operation. Intervals from diagnosis to surgery were compared across COVID-19 government response index groups. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04384926. Findings: Of eligible patients awaiting surgery, 2003 (10·0%) of 20 006 did not receive surgery after a median follow-up of 23 weeks (IQR 16-30), all of whom had a COVID-19-related reason given for non-operation. Light restrictions were associated with a 0·6% non-operation rate (26 of 4521), moderate lockdowns with a 5·5% rate (201 of 3646; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·77-0·84; p<0·0001), and full lockdowns with a 15·0% rate (1775 of 11 827; HR 0·51, 0·50-0·53; p<0·0001). In sensitivity analyses, including adjustment for SARS-CoV-2 case notification rates, moderate lockdowns (HR 0·84, 95% CI 0·80-0·88; p<0·001), and full lockdowns (0·57, 0·54-0·60; p<0·001), remained independently associated with non-operation. Surgery beyond 12 weeks from diagnosis in patients without neoadjuvant therapy increased during lockdowns (374 [9·1%] of 4521 in light restrictions, 317 [10·4%] of 3646 in moderate lockdowns, 2001 [23·8%] of 11 827 in full lockdowns), although there were no differences in resectability rates observed with longer delays. Interpretation: Cancer surgery systems worldwide were fragile to lockdowns, with one in seven patients who were in regions with full lockdowns not undergoing planned surgery and experiencing longer preoperative delays. Although short-term oncological outcomes were not compromised in those selected for surgery, delays and non-operations might lead to long-term reductions in survival. During current and future periods of societal restriction, the resilience of elective surgery systems requires strengthening, which might include protected elective surgical pathways and long-term investment in surge capacity for acute care during public health emergencies to protect elective staff and services.
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