Suchergebnisse

Do lokalnog se razvoja dolazi na temelju pažljivo pripremljene i provedene lokalne razvojne strategije. U jedinicama lokalne i područne (regionalne) samouprave nužno je usvojiti nov način strateškog planiranja, koji objedinjava proračunsko planiranje i strategiju razvoja lokalne jedinice s ciljem praćenja ostvarivanja rezultata trošečnjem proračunskih sredstava. U razvijenim se državama strategija lokalnog i regionalnog razvoja provodi putem participativnog pristupa u planiranju. To znači da u izradi strategije sudjeluju svi važni dionici koji djeluju na lokalnoj razini. U Hrvatskoj, slično kao i u većini drugih zemalja istone i jugoistočne Europe, ne postoji dovoljno iskustava u primjeni participativnog pristupa. Teorijska rješenja i praktična iskustva uspješnih država upućuju na važnost usklađivanja svih važnih elemenata da bi se pripremila uspješna strategija lokalnog razvoja. Suvremeni pristup strategiji lokalnog i regionalnog razvoja analizira se u okviru decentralizacije javnih poslova, odgovornosti za njihovo obavljanje i načina njihova financiranja. Lokalne i regionalne vlasti mogu najbolje upravljati lokalnim razvojem, a efektivnost se postiže u koordinaciji sa širom razinom vlasti, koja osigurava jasan okvir za strateško planiranje i donošenje odluka, kao i u suradnji i partnerstvu s privatnim i nevladinim sektorom. U oblikovanju lokalnih razvojnih strategija pristup dobrog upravljanja postaje ključnim pristupom za ostvarenje dobrih rezultata i korištenje konkurentskih prednosti. Premda fiskalna teorija poznaje više pristupa planiranju proračuna, programski proračun ključni je preduvjet za mjerenje lokalnih i regionalnih rezultata. Time se postiže veća učinkovitost i transparentnost, jer je programski proračun usmjeren na djelotvornost i mjerenje rezultata. Onda je odgovore na pitanja: što se želi postići? i Koliko će koštati ostvarenje cilja? Ta vrsta planiranja zahtijeva strateško planiranje koje uključuje jasno određenje misije, ciljeva i mjera za praćenje rezultata. Upravljanje na temelju mjerenja rezultata nalazi sve širu primjenu i u javnom sektoru, uključujući lokalnu i regionalnu razinu. Uspješno praćenje i vrednovanje rezultata ostvarenih u jednoj lokalnoj ili regionalnoj jedinici zahtijeva jasno prikazivanje rezultata u skladu s postavljenim strateškim ciljevima. ; Local development is the result of a care fully planned and implemented local development strategy. It is necessary to adopt a new way of strategic planning for local and regional self-government units, which would include budget planning and local unit(s) development strategy. The purpose is to monitor the results achieved by budget expenditures. In the developed countries, local and regional development strategies are implemented by using the participative approach. It means that all the relevant local and regional stake holders participate in designing a local and regional development strategy. Similar to the countries of Eastern and South-Eastern Europe, there is a lack of experience with the use of the participative approach in designing local and regional development strategies in Croatia. Theoretical solutions and real-life experiences of the successful countries stress the importance of co-ordination of all the relevant elements in order to design a successful local development strategy. Modern approach to the local and regional development strategy is analysed within the framework of decentralisation of public affairs, responsibility for their performance and the manner of their financing. Local and regional authorities are able to manage local development most successfully. Effectiveness is achived in co-ordination with the broader level of government, which provides a clear frame work for strategic planning and decision-making, and in co-operation and partnership with the private and NGO sectors. The good governance approach has become essential for achieving good results and using the competitive advantages. Although fiscal theory has several approaches to budget planning, program budgeting is the key precondition for assessing the results achieved at the local and regional levels. It leads to increased effectiveness and transparency, since program budgeting is focused on the effectiveness (planning) and measuring the achieved results, as well as answering the questions such as "What is the goal?" and "What are the costs of achieving that goal?". In order to achieve these objectives, program budgeting requires strategic planning which means clearly defined mission, objectives, and measures for monitoring the results achieved by local self-government units. Performance management has been spreading in the public sector, and consequently at both local and regional levels. Successful monitoring and assessment of the results achieved by a municipality, town, or region is going to require their transparent description in accordance with the strategic goals.

Each institution in the state administration in the Republic of Croatia organizes its operations through numerous administrative organizations (administrations) and organizational units (independent sectors, sectors, services, departments, sections and sub-sections) whose number and responsibilities differ with regard to their internal organization. In this paper, the emphasis is on state administration bodies, that is, on ministries and state administrative organizations. The paper tries to answer the research question of whether there is a difference in the efficiency of the operations of state administration bodies in the Republic of Croatia in relation to the representation of women and men among employed officials and state employees. The aim of the paper is to recognize the importance and analyze gender representation in state administration bodies in the Republic of Croatia and to determine whether there is a difference in the efficiency of work results in state administration bodies in relation to the representation of women and men. The research covers 16 ministries and 12 state administrative organizations in the Republic of Croatia, which employ a total of about 49,820 employees. According to the research results, there is no statistically significant difference between business efficiency and gender representation in state administration bodies in the Republic of Croatia. Key words: gender representation, state administrative organization, efficiency, T- test.

Institutions and institutional trust can be marked as important determinants of (regional) growth and development in contemporary literature. Aim of this paper is to analyse institutional trust in two Croatian counties and to compare those results with earlier theoretical findings. The methodology consists of in-depth interviews made by survey of counsellors or some of leading functions in two Croatian counties. The results are mostly in accordance with earlier theory findings of institutional trust for Croatian level, i.e. the highest level of institutional trust was related with traditional values, for instance in family, while in some institutions trust varied and had a gap in level of respondents trust, depending of their own experience, for instance in self-government and educational system. At very low level of institutional trust were for instance, political parties and Government. As singled out, some of the main obstacles in achieving high levels of institutional trust were corruption, inconsistency in decision-making and enforcement, non- compliance, slow and complicated procedures, non-transparency, politization. Trust in institutions according to the results, impacts reduction and regulation of uncertainty in the economy. These results could be very worth and a certain guide for policy makers and their future decision-making. ; U suvremenoj literaturi institucije i institucionalno povjerenje označavaju važne odrednice (regionalnog) rasta i razvoja. Cilj je ovog rada analizirati institucionalno povjerenje u dvije hr- vatske županije i usporediti te rezultate s ranijim teorijskim nalazima. Metodologija se sastoji od dubinskih intervjua obavljenih anketom među savjetnicima ili nositeljima vodećih funkcija u dvije hrvatske županije. Rezultati su uglavnom u skladu s ranijim nalazima prema teoriji institucionalnog povjerenja na hrvatskoj razini, tj. najviša razina institucionalnog povjerenja povezuje se s tradicionalnim vrijednostima, npr. s obitelji, dok je u nekim institucijama povjerenje variralo i postojao je jaz na razini povjerenja ispitanika, ovisno o vlastitu iskustvu, npr. u sustavu samouprave i obrazovanja. Na vrlo niskoj razini institucionalnog povjerenja, na primjer, nalaze se političke stranke i vlada. Navodi se da su neke od glavnih zapreka u postizanju visoke razine institu- cionalnog povjerenja korupcija, nedosljednost u donošenju i provedbi odluka, nepoštovanje zakona, spori i komplicirani postupci, netransparentnost, politizacija. Povjerenje u institucije, prema rezultatima istraživanja, utječe na smanjenje i regulaciju nesigurnosti u gospodarstvu. Ti bi rezultati mogli biti vrlo vrijedni i određeni vodič za tvorce politika i za njihovo donošenje odluka u budućnosti.

Institutions and institutional trust can be marked as important determinants of (regional) growth and development in contemporary literature. Aim of this paper is to analyse institutional trust in two Croatian counties and to compare those results with earlier theoretical findings. The methodology consists of in-depth interviews made by survey of counsellors or some of leading functions in two Croatian counties. The results are mostly in accordance with earlier theory findings of institutional trust for Croatian level, i.e. the highest level of institutional trust was related with traditional values, for instance in family, while in some institutions trust varied and had a gap in level of respondents trust, depending of their own experience, for instance in self-government and educational system. At very low level of institutional trust were for instance, political parties and Government. As singled out, some of the main obstacles in achieving high levels of institutional trust were corruption, inconsistency in decision-making and enforcement, non- compliance, slow and complicated procedures, non-transparency, politization. Trust in institutions according to the results, impacts reduction and regulation of uncertainty in the economy. These results could be very worth and a certain guide for policy makers and their future decision-making.

A very important pillar of democracy is the involvement of citizens in the political decision-making process. The change from "government" to "governance", which has been also noticed in the literature, implies a greater involvement of different stakeholders in the decision-making process and in the process of public policy implementation. Citizens' participation in the process of public services delivery may lead to better public services, which comply with the needs of citizens, better decisions, higher quality and more efficient collaboration in using public money for public services. This research empirically tests attitudes towards greater citizens' involvement in the decision-making process at the local level. We compare attitudes of local councillors in 16 countries divided according to the expanded Hesse-Sharpe (1991) typology. The analysis is based on the result of a survey conducted among local city councillors. We examine different mechanisms of citizen participation in the decision- -making process from the comparative perspective. Our research showed voting to be the most preferable mechanism for public participation in all groups of countries, while citizens' juries are the least preferable mechanism for citizen participation. This research contributes to filling the research gap concerning the role and the importance of citizens' participation in the decision-making process in Europe. ; Uključivanje građana u proces donošenja odluka predstavlja važan stup demokracije. Znanstvena literatura prepoznaje promjenu iz "vladavine" u "upravljanje", što uključuje i veće uključivanje različitih dionika u proces odlučivanja te u proces provedbe javnih politika. Sudjelovanje građana u procesu pružanja javnih usluga može dovesti do boljih javnih usluga, koje su u skladu s potrebama građana, boljih odluka, kvalitetnije i učinkovitije suradnje u korištenju javnog novca za osiguranje javne usluge. U ovom se istraživanju empirijski testiraju stajališta o uključivanju građana u proces donošenja odluka na lokalnoj razini. U istraživanju se ispituju stavovi lokalnih vijećnika iz 16 država podijeljenih prema proširenoj Hesse-Sharpe (1991) klasifikaciji. Analiza se temelji na rezultatima anketnog ispitivanja provedenog među lokalnim vijećnicima u gradovima. U istraživanju se iz komparativne perspektive analiziraju različiti načini sudjelovanja građana u procesu donošenja odluka. Istraživanje je pokazalo da je glasanje preferirani mehanizam javnog sudjelovanja u svim grupama država, dok je sudjelovanje građana u svojstvu povremenih sudaca laika (porotnika) najmanje preferirani mehanizam sudjelovanja građana. Ovaj rad doprinosi popunjavanju nedovoljnog broja istraživanja o ulozi i važnosti sudjelovanja građana u procesu donošenja odluka u Europi.

A very important pillar of democracy is the involvement of citizens in the political decision-making process. The change from "government" to "governance", which has been also noticed in the literature, implies a greater involvement of different stakeholders in the decision-making process and in the process of public policy implementation. Citizens' participation in the process of public services delivery may lead to better public services, which comply with the needs of citizens, better decisions, higher quality and more efficient collaboration in using public money for public services. This research empirically tests attitudes towards greater citizens' involvement in the decision-making process at the local level. We compare attitudes of local councillors in 16 countries divided according to the expanded Hesse-Sharpe (1991) typology. The analysis is based on the result of a survey conducted among local city councillors. We examine different mechanisms of citizen participation in the decision- -making process from the comparative perspective. Our research showed voting to be the most preferable mechanism for public participation in all groups of countries, while citizens' juries are the least preferable mechanism for citizen participation. This research contributes to filling the research gap concerning the role and the importance of citizens' participation in the decision-making process in Europe. ; Uključivanje građana u proces donošenja odluka predstavlja važan stup demokracije. Znanstvena literatura prepoznaje promjenu iz "vladavine" u "upravljanje", što uključuje i veće uključivanje različitih dionika u proces odlučivanja te u proces provedbe javnih politika. Sudjelovanje građana u procesu pružanja javnih usluga može dovesti do boljih javnih usluga, koje su u skladu s potrebama građana, boljih odluka, kvalitetnije i učinkovitije suradnje u korištenju javnog novca za osiguranje javne usluge. U ovom se istraživanju empirijski testiraju stajališta o uključivanju građana u proces donošenja odluka na lokalnoj razini. U istraživanju se ispituju stavovi lokalnih vijećnika iz 16 država podijeljenih prema proširenoj Hesse-Sharpe (1991) klasifikaciji. Analiza se temelji na rezultatima anketnog ispitivanja provedenog među lokalnim vijećnicima u gradovima. U istraživanju se iz komparativne perspektive analiziraju različiti načini sudjelovanja građana u procesu donošenja odluka. Istraživanje je pokazalo da je glasanje preferirani mehanizam javnog sudjelovanja u svim grupama država, dok je sudjelovanje građana u svojstvu povremenih sudaca laika (porotnika) najmanje preferirani mehanizam sudjelovanja građana. Ovaj rad doprinosi popunjavanju nedovoljnog broja istraživanja o ulozi i važnosti sudjelovanja građana u procesu donošenja odluka u Europi.

Literature suggests that drug abuse is one of the major health and social problems in today's society. Croatia is no exception in this respect, although it belongs among the European countries with medium drug use prevalence. Consequently, the importance of evaluating public drug policy is growing. Public expenditures on combating drug problems are recognised as a very useful indicator of government efforts in this regard. This paper contains the results of the first research on drug-related public expenditures conducted in Croatia for the period between 2009 and 2012. Total drug-related public expenditures, including both labelled and unlabelled expenditures, are estimated and expenditures analysed according to the purpose for which these expenditures are intended. The estimation of drug-related public expenditures is based on data collected by means of a survey conducted among principal stakeholders in the field of combating drug abuse in Croatia. Also, the paper analyses expenditures according to the functional classification so as to gain an insight into more detailed purposes for which these expenditures are intended. The results show that the largest part of total public expenditures relates to the public function of public order and safety, while smaller drug-related expenditures are used for health, social protection and education. ; Literatura navodi da je suzbijanje zlouporabe droga vodeći zdravstveni i društveni problem današnjega društva. Hrvatska u tome nije iznimka, iako pripada zemljama Europske unije sa srednjim stupnjem ovisnosti. Sve je veća važnost vrednovanja javnih politika na području suzbijanja zlouporabe droga. Javni izdaci predstavljaju važan indikator državnih napora u suzbijanju zlouporabe droga. Ovaj članak sadrži rezultate prvog istraživanja javnih rashoda u Hrvatskoj od 2009. do 2012. godine. U radu su procijenjeni ukupni javni rashodi, specificirani i nespecificirani, koji se odnose na suzbijanje zlouporabe droga. Procjena se temelji na podacima koji su prikupljeni anketnim ispitivanjem glavnih dionika na području suzbijanja zlouporabe droga u Hrvatskoj. U članku se analiziraju i javni rashodi prema funkcijskoj klasifikaciji, kako bi se stekao uvid u njihovu krajnju namjenu. Rezultati upućuju na to da se najveći dio ukupnih javnih rashoda odnosi na javnu funkciju javnog reda i sigurnosti, dok se manji dio odnosi na zdravstvo, socijalnu zaštitu i obrazovanje.

Performance measurement is one of the crucial factors that lead to the improvement of implementation of local and regional policies. This paper analyses the possibilities to set up performance measurement at the sub-national government level in Croatia and identifies the key obstacles that have to be solved in order to achieve faster local development. Some important prerequisites for successful performance measurement have been analysed in the paper. One is the credibility of the sub-national budget. This part of the analysis is based on the analysis of several indicators developed in the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability Public Financial Management (PEFA PFM) Performance Measurement Framework. A significant divergence of budgetary outturns from the original approved budget, both on the revenue and expenditure side of the budget, confirms the hypothesis about low credibility of the budget at the sub-national level in Croatia. Second prerequisite for the development of performance indicators and performance measurement at sub-national government level are clear objectives and targets of local and regional policies in strategic documents. Therefore, the paper analyses the goals, priorities and measures set in Regional Operational Plans. The analysis proves that defined goals, priorities and measures in Regional Operational Plans cannot be used for performance measurement at the sub-national government level. The results show that the budget does not incorporate any aspects of strategic planning, which is necessary to achieve local and regional development. ; U radu se analizira mjerenje rezultata na lokalnoj razini u Hrvatskoj kao ključnog čimbenika za unapređenje provedbe lokalne i regionalne politike i mogućnosti za uspostavu pokazatelja uspješnosti s ciljem postizanja bržeg lokalnog razvoja. Analiza se temelji na metodologiji Svjetske banke za mjerenje rezultata u javnom sektoru. U radu se analiziraju osnovni preduvjeti koji trebaju biti zadovoljeni za uspješno mjerenje rezultata na lokalnoj razini. Jedan je kredibilitet proračuna lokalnih jedinica. Ovaj se dio analize temelji na analizi nekoliko pokazatelja. Značajna razlika između planiranih i ostvarenih proračunskih prihoda i rashoda potvrđuje hipotezu o malom kredibilitetu lokalnih proračuna u Hrvatskoj. Drugi preduvjet za razvoj pokazatelja uspješnosti na lokalnoj razini i mjerenje rezultata su jasno prepoznati i postavljeni ciljevi lokalne i regionalne politike u strateškim dokumentima. Stoga se u radu analiziraju ciljevi, prioriteti i mjere postavljeni u regionalnim operativnim programima. Rezultati provedene analize pokazuju da se postavljeni ciljevi, prioriteti i mjere u regionalnim operativnim programima ne mogu koristiti za mjerenje rezultata na lokalnoj razini. Rezultati analize pokazuju da proračun ne odražava nikakve aspekte strateškog planiranja, koje je neophodno za postizanje lokalnog i regionalnog razvoja.

The task of every government, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic, is to provide services and goods for citizens and to maintain economic order. Therefore, the combination of legislation, the judiciary and administration is inevitable. Moreover, public administrations must transform the way they function by using more information and communication technology in order to remain responsive and efficient. This challenge was further revealed during lockdowns in individual countries, which affected their social and economic development. The solution to that challenge is the implementation of e-government in the public sector. It also increases innovation in governance processes as well as efficiency and effectiveness by offering more participative opportunities to citizens. Hence, a mature level of e-government development also arises. Nevertheless, there are significant differences among the levels of e-government development in the EU-28. The aim of this article is to assess the influence of e-government maturity on government effectiveness and efficiency in the EU-28. In order to obtain empirical results, a two-stage least square regression (2SLS) was applied. The empirical results show that e-government maturity positively and significantly contributes to enhancing government effectiveness and efficiency in the EU-28. In addition, the rule of law plays an important role in each stage regression model. Based on the empirical results, we can conclude that e-government is inevitable and should ensure the proper functioning of public administration during the Covid-19 pandemic. ; Naloga vlad, zlasti v času pandemije covida-19, je zagotavljati storitve in blago za državljane ter vzdrževati gospodarski red. Pri tem je kombinacija zakonodaje, sodstva in uprave neizogibna. Poleg tega morajo javne uprave, če želijo ostati odzivne in učinkovite, prilagajati svoje delovanje in uporabljati več informacijskih in komunikacijskih tehnologij. Ta izziv se je pokazal zlasti med zaustavitvijo javnega življenja v posameznih državah, ki je vplivala na njihov družbeni in gospodarski razvoj. Rešitev za učinkovito spopadanjem s tem izzivom predstavlja uporaba e-uprave v javnem sektorju. Ta povečuje inovativnost upravljavskih procesov, pa tudi njihovo uspešnost in učinkovitost, saj državljanom ponuja več možnosti sodelovanja. S tem razvoj e-uprave doseže tudi zrelejšo raven. Kljub navedenemu pa še vedno obstajajo velike razlike med stopnjami razvoja e-uprave v EU-28. Cilj tega članka je oceniti vpliv zrelosti e-uprave na učinkovitost in uspešnost upravljanja v EU-28. Za pridobitev empiričnih rezultatov je bila uporabljena dvostopenjska regresijska analiza najmanjših kvadratov (2SLS). Empirični rezultati kažejo, da zrelost e-uprave pozitivno in pomembno prispeva k povečanju uspešnosti in učinkovitosti upravljanja v EU-28. V regresijskem modelu posamezne stopnje ima pomembno vlogo tudi načelo pravne države. Na podlagi empiričnih rezultatov lahko ugotovimo, da je e-uprava neizogibna in bi morala med pandemijo covida-19 zagotavljati pravilno delovanje javne uprave.

The task of every government, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic, is to provide services and goods for citizens and to maintain economic order. Therefore, the combination of legislation, the judiciary and administration is inevitable. Moreover, public administrations must transform the way they function by using more information and communication technology in order to remain responsive and efficient. This challenge was further revealed during lockdowns in individual countries, which affected their social and economic development. The solution to that challenge is the implementation of e-government in the public sector. It also increases innovation in governance processes as well as efficiency and effectiveness by offering more participative opportunities to citizens. Hence, a mature level of e-government development also arises. Nevertheless, there are significant differences among the levels of e-government development in the EU-28. The aim of this article is to assess the influence of e-government maturity on government effectiveness and efficiency in the EU-28. In order to obtain empirical results, a two-stage least square regression (2SLS) was applied. The empirical results show that e-government maturity positively and significantly contributes to enhancing government effectiveness and efficiency in the EU-28. In addition, the rule of law plays an important role in each stage regression model. Based on the empirical results, we can conclude that e-government is inevitable and should ensure the proper functioning of public administration during the Covid-19 pandemic.

By using the OECD classification system, this paper explores to what level Croatian large cities control their tax revenues and specifies the ability of these authorities to introduce taxes and independently generate revenue. The index of fiscal control of Croatian large cities has been calculated and compared with that index of all remaining local government units. The results of our analysis show that in 2015 25 large cities had a slightly higher level of fiscal autonomy when compared with all remaining 531 local government units in Croatia.

This chapter analyses the gender gap in the attitudes of local elected elites in the countries covered by the survey on municipal councillors within the international project Municipal Assemblies in European Local Governments (MAELG). Some studies indicate that, although broadly the same issues are significant for both women and men, women's perspectives on issues still differ. As women need to be at least a large minority in municipal councils to have an impact on different policies, we use and compare the available statistics on women's participation in local councils in the countries included in the MAELG project to see whether the identified differences (if any) could result in different policy choices.