Suchergebnisse

International audience ; Après avoir traversé une longue trajectoire sémantique, la lexie takfīr s'est aujourd'hui établie en tant que terme relevant du droit pénal et constitutionnel tunisien. Avant d'être figée en un terme, elle a connu un périple mouvementé ; nombreuses ambigüités et acceptions en ont accompagné l'emploi dans les sphères politiques et sociales propres à ce pays. Nous nous efforçons ici d'examiner ses transformations, depuis les anciens textes jusqu'à la Constitution tunisienne, votée en 2014, tout en tenant compte de la diversité des discours, des genres ainsi que des milieux historiques au sein desquels ce terme apparaît et est mis en oeuvre avec ses corollaires. Pour mieux en cerner le champ lexical, nous nous contenterons de l'acception suivante : takfīr est une forme d'anathème qui consiste à qualifier quelqu'un de kāfir. Désormais, ce dernier sens se rapporte à une contravention, punissable par le code pénal tunisien. Par ailleurs, il possède également le statut d'injure, d'acte de parole répressible. Afin de retracer ce cheminement étymologique, nous procéderons à un double examen : d'une part, nous nous livrerons à une étude lexicale des sens transportés par ce terme, tout au long de son parcours sémantique. De l'autre, nous relèverons les aspects pragmatiques qui s'y sont greffés au sein de la société tunisienne postrévolutionnaire. Ainsi, notre travail vise à décortiquer les significations passées et présentes que porte ce terme takfīr, et à creuser ses strates sémantiques qui en constituent la trame cognitive ; notre but étant d'en déterminer les mécanismes de signifiance, ainsi que le rôle des acteurs politico-sociaux dans leur manipulation.

International audience n this paper we study the problem of long-term capacity adequacy in electricity markets. We implement a dynamic model in which firms compete for investment and electricity production under imperfect Cournot competition. The main aim of this work is to compare three investment incentive mechanisms: reliability options, forward capacity market and capacity payments. Apart from the oligopoly case, we also analyze collusion and monopoly cases. Dynamic programming is used to deal with the stochastic environment of the market and mixed complementarity problem and variational inequality formulations are employed to find a solution to the game. The main finding of this study is that market-based mechanisms would be the most cost-efficient mechanism for assuring long-term system capacity adequacy. Moreover, generators would exert market power when introducing capacity payments. Finally, compared with a Cournot oligopoly, collusion and monopolistic situations lead to more installed capacities with marketbased mechanisms and increase consumers' payments.

In this thesis, we deal with the question of reliability of electricity system and particularly the problem of generation capacity adequacy in electricity markets, characterized by uncertain and volatile demand. This question is currently the object of many politics and economics debates in the European Commission of energy. It occurs within the context of deregulations and reforms of liberalization operated in western countries. This deregulation was caused many shortages and crisis in many electricity markets in the world. Failures are caused by several factors such as, the presence of uncertainties on future demand and fuel prices, the risk-averse behavior of investors and the market power exercised by existing generators. They had lead to high spot market prices and a fundamental imbalance between the steadily growing demand for power and the limited increases, due to the lack of investments, in generation capacities. Many mechanisms, additional to the energy market, that ensure an adequate incentive for investments and a stable and socially acceptable electricity prices have been proposed. In this work, we compare different investment incentive mechanisms, in terms of long-term capacity adequacy in an uncertain environment, cost effectiveness and the ability of reducing market power. In the literature, the problem of long- term system reliability has been largely studied in qualitative terms. A few works attempt to model the quantitative effects of those market designs. The contribution of this work is to propose a quantitative analysis based on dynamics models. Competition is considered by using the principles of game theory. Stochastic dynamic programming is used to deal with the stochastic environment of the market and mixed complementarity problem and variational inequality formulations are employed to find Nash equilibrium. In addition to the analytic analysis, an experimental study is carried out in order to include a larger diversity of strategy. The main finding of this thesis is that market-based ...

In this thesis, we deal with the question of reliability of electricity system and particularly the problem of generation capacity adequacy in electricity markets, characterized by uncertain and volatile demand. This question is currently the object of many politics and economics debates in the European Commission of energy. It occurs within the context of deregulations and reforms of liberalization operated in western countries. This deregulation was caused many shortages and crisis in many electricity markets in the world. Failures are caused by several factors such as, the presence of uncertainties on future demand and fuel prices, the risk-averse behavior of investors and the market power exercised by existing generators. They had lead to high spot market prices and a fundamental imbalance between the steadily growing demand for power and the limited increases, due to the lack of investments, in generation capacities. Many mechanisms, additional to the energy market, that ensure an adequate incentive for investments and a stable and socially acceptable electricity prices have been proposed. In this work, we compare different investment incentive mechanisms, in terms of long-term capacity adequacy in an uncertain environment, cost effectiveness and the ability of reducing market power. In the literature, the problem of long- term system reliability has been largely studied in qualitative terms. A few works attempt to model the quantitative effects of those market designs. The contribution of this work is to propose a quantitative analysis based on dynamics models. Competition is considered by using the principles of game theory. Stochastic dynamic programming is used to deal with the stochastic environment of the market and mixed complementarity problem and variational inequality formulations are employed to find Nash equilibrium. In addition to the analytic analysis, an experimental study is carried out in order to include a larger diversity of strategy. The main finding of this thesis is that market-based ...

In this thesis, we deal with the question of reliability of electricity system and particularly the problem of generation capacity adequacy in electricity markets, characterized by uncertain and volatile demand. This question is currently the object of many politics and economics debates in the European Commission of energy. It occurs within the context of deregulations and reforms of liberalization operated in western countries. This deregulation was caused many shortages and crisis in many electricity markets in the world. Failures are caused by several factors such as, the presence of uncertainties on future demand and fuel prices, the risk-averse behavior of investors and the market power exercised by existing generators. They had lead to high spot market prices and a fundamental imbalance between the steadily growing demand for power and the limited increases, due to the lack of investments, in generation capacities. Many mechanisms, additional to the energy market, that ensure an adequate incentive for investments and a stable and socially acceptable electricity prices have been proposed. In this work, we compare different investment incentive mechanisms, in terms of long-term capacity adequacy in an uncertain environment, cost effectiveness and the ability of reducing market power. In the literature, the problem of long- term system reliability has been largely studied in qualitative terms. A few works attempt to model the quantitative effects of those market designs. The contribution of this work is to propose a quantitative analysis based on dynamics models. Competition is considered by using the principles of game theory. Stochastic dynamic programming is used to deal with the stochastic environment of the market and mixed complementarity problem and variational inequality formulations are employed to find Nash equilibrium. In addition to the analytic analysis, an experimental study is carried out in order to include a larger diversity of strategy. The main finding of this thesis is that market-based ...

In this thesis, we deal with the question of reliability of electricity system and particularly the problem of generation capacity adequacy in electricity markets, characterized by uncertain and volatile demand. This question is currently the object of many politics and economics debates in the European Commission of energy. It occurs within the context of deregulations and reforms of liberalization operated in western countries. This deregulation was caused many shortages and crisis in many electricity markets in the world. Failures are caused by several factors such as, the presence of uncertainties on future demand and fuel prices, the risk-averse behavior of investors and the market power exercised by existing generators. They had lead to high spot market prices and a fundamental imbalance between the steadily growing demand for power and the limited increases, due to the lack of investments, in generation capacities. Many mechanisms, additional to the energy market, that ensure an adequate incentive for investments and a stable and socially acceptable electricity prices have been proposed. In this work, we compare different investment incentive mechanisms, in terms of long-term capacity adequacy in an uncertain environment, cost effectiveness and the ability of reducing market power. In the literature, the problem of long- term system reliability has been largely studied in qualitative terms. A few works attempt to model the quantitative effects of those market designs. The contribution of this work is to propose a quantitative analysis based on dynamics models. Competition is considered by using the principles of game theory. Stochastic dynamic programming is used to deal with the stochastic environment of the market and mixed complementarity problem and variational inequality formulations are employed to find Nash equilibrium. In addition to the analytic analysis, an experimental study is carried out in order to include a larger diversity of strategy. The main finding of this thesis is that market-based ...

In this thesis, we deal with the question of reliability of electricity system and particularly the problem of generation capacity adequacy in electricity markets, characterized by uncertain and volatile demand. This question is currently the object of many politics and economics debates in the European Commission of energy. It occurs within the context of deregulations and reforms of liberalization operated in western countries. This deregulation was caused many shortages and crisis in many electricity markets in the world. Failures are caused by several factors such as, the presence of uncertainties on future demand and fuel prices, the risk-averse behavior of investors and the market power exercised by existing generators. They had lead to high spot market prices and a fundamental imbalance between the steadily growing demand for power and the limited increases, due to the lack of investments, in generation capacities. Many mechanisms, additional to the energy market, that ensure an adequate incentive for investments and a stable and socially acceptable electricity prices have been proposed. In this work, we compare different investment incentive mechanisms, in terms of long-term capacity adequacy in an uncertain environment, cost effectiveness and the ability of reducing market power. In the literature, the problem of long- term system reliability has been largely studied in qualitative terms. A few works attempt to model the quantitative effects of those market designs. The contribution of this work is to propose a quantitative analysis based on dynamics models. Competition is considered by using the principles of game theory. Stochastic dynamic programming is used to deal with the stochastic environment of the market and mixed complementarity problem and variational inequality formulations are employed to find Nash equilibrium. In addition to the analytic analysis, an experimental study is carried out in order to include a larger diversity of strategy. The main finding of this thesis is that market-based ...

In this thesis, we deal with the question of reliability of electricity system and particularly the problem of generation capacity adequacy in electricity markets, characterized by uncertain and volatile demand. This question is currently the object of many politics and economics debates in the European Commission of energy. It occurs within the context of deregulations and reforms of liberalization operated in western countries. This deregulation was caused many shortages and crisis in many electricity markets in the world. Failures are caused by several factors such as, the presence of uncertainties on future demand and fuel prices, the risk-averse behavior of investors and the market power exercised by existing generators. They had lead to high spot market prices and a fundamental imbalance between the steadily growing demand for power and the limited increases, due to the lack of investments, in generation capacities. Many mechanisms, additional to the energy market, that ensure an adequate incentive for investments and a stable and socially acceptable electricity prices have been proposed. In this work, we compare different investment incentive mechanisms, in terms of long-term capacity adequacy in an uncertain environment, cost effectiveness and the ability of reducing market power. In the literature, the problem of long- term system reliability has been largely studied in qualitative terms. A few works attempt to model the quantitative effects of those market designs. The contribution of this work is to propose a quantitative analysis based on dynamics models. Competition is considered by using the principles of game theory. Stochastic dynamic programming is used to deal with the stochastic environment of the market and mixed complementarity problem and variational inequality formulations are employed to find Nash equilibrium. In addition to the analytic analysis, an experimental study is carried out in order to include a larger diversity of strategy. The main finding of this thesis is that market-based ...

Aujourd'hui, les entreprises sont confrontées à de nombreux défis – tels que la concurrence acharnée, l'ouverture des marchés, les turbulences et la complexité de l'environnement économique, social, politique, … auxquels leur performance est très sensible (CHBAATTOU, R, et al., .2020). Il paraît évident que, dans les années à venir, réussiront uniquement les entreprises qui seront plus aptes à tirer profit des opportunités et à réduire les menaces auxquelles elles seront confrontées. Optimiser les processus est le souci majeur de chaque entreprise industrielle dans le but de garantir sa survie et la continuité de ses activités vis-à-vis la concurrence accrue qui ne cesse d'augmenter (JALA , C et al,. 2020). La performance de l'entreprise est une notion polysémique, complexe et difficile à définir tant les approches sont multiples. Elle a été largement ventilée durant les récentes décennies comme un impératif catégorique. Sa complexité n'émane pas uniquement de la diversité de ses conceptualisations mais aussi de son caractère multidimensionnel. Ainsi, au niveau de ce travail nous avons étudié un cas industriel ou on a traité un certain nombre de processus, traité les indicateurs de suivi et proposé un plan d'action selon la méthodologie AMDEC.

Aujourd'hui, les entreprises sont confrontées à de nombreux défis – tels que la concurrence acharnée, l'ouverture des marchés, les turbulences et la complexité de l'environnement économique, social, politique, … auxquels leur performance est très sensible (CHBAATTOU, R, et al., .2020). Il paraît évident que, dans les années à venir, réussiront uniquement les entreprises qui seront plus aptes à tirer profit des opportunités et à réduire les menaces auxquelles elles seront confrontées. Optimiser les processus est le souci majeur de chaque entreprise industrielle dans le but de garantir sa survie et la continuité de ses activités vis-à-vis la concurrence accrue qui ne cesse d'augmenter (JALA , C et al,. 2020). La performance de l'entreprise est une notion polysémique, complexe et difficile à définir tant les approches sont multiples. Elle a été largement ventilée durant les récentes décennies comme un impératif catégorique. Sa complexité n'émane pas uniquement de la diversité de ses conceptualisations mais aussi de son caractère multidimensionnel. Ainsi, au niveau de ce travail nous avons étudié un cas industriel ou on a traité un certain nombre de processus, traité les indicateurs de suivi et proposé un plan d'action selon la méthodologie AMDEC.

International audience ; Après avoir traversé une longue trajectoire sémantique, la lexie takfīr s'est aujourd'hui établie en tant que terme relevant du droit pénal et constitutionnel tunisien. Avant d'être figée en un terme, elle a connu un périple mouvementé ; nombreuses ambigüités et acceptions en ont accompagné l'emploi dans les sphères politiques et sociales propres à ce pays. Nous nous efforçons ici d'examiner ses transformations, depuis les anciens textes jusqu'à la Constitution tunisienne, votée en 2014, tout en tenant compte de la diversité des discours, des genres ainsi que des milieux historiques au sein desquels ce terme apparaît et est mis en oeuvre avec ses corollaires. Pour mieux en cerner le champ lexical, nous nous contenterons de l'acception suivante : takfīr est une forme d'anathème qui consiste à qualifier quelqu'un de kāfir. Désormais, ce dernier sens se rapporte à une contravention, punissable par le code pénal tunisien. Par ailleurs, il possède également le statut d'injure, d'acte de parole répressible. Afin de retracer ce cheminement étymologique, nous procéderons à un double examen : d'une part, nous nous livrerons à une étude lexicale des sens transportés par ce terme, tout au long de son parcours sémantique. De l'autre, nous relèverons les aspects pragmatiques qui s'y sont greffés au sein de la société tunisienne postrévolutionnaire. Ainsi, notre travail vise à décortiquer les significations passées et présentes que porte ce terme takfīr, et à creuser ses strates sémantiques qui en constituent la trame cognitive ; notre but étant d'en déterminer les mécanismes de signifiance, ainsi que le rôle des acteurs politico-sociaux dans leur manipulation.

Afin de forger une image réelle et lisible de la place des martyrs dans la ville de M'sila, il est indispensable de mettre en avant l'ensemble des éléments qui participent dans l'évaluation de cet espace en tant que patrimoine architecturale et repère central attirant, valorisé par son historique et entouré par des équipements publics qui accueillent quotidiennement une masse de population importante des différents quartiers de la ville et de ses alentours afin de pratiquer la flânerie ou autres activités. En effet, la gestion des conflits d'intérêts non maitrisable par les responsables locaux, avait pour conséquences, la construction d'un centre d'affaire au milieu de la place et un hôtel à plusieurs étages dans son périphérique, ce qui a réduit la cohérence visuelle et mettait en déséquilibre l'hiérarchie des composantes de son paysage urbain, tout en induisant à un conflit d'usage dans les pratiques spatiales, et par suite à une perte de la notion de l'espace public.A ce titre, une question devient évidente, en quoi l'intervention urbaine sur la place des martyrs, est-t-il révélatrice et illustratif de la politique de gestion urbaine menée par la municipalité?