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The article aims to discuss the "New Economic Sociology" by developing a comparative analysis of two sociological approaches: the New Economic Sociology and the Societal Approach. The author takes his departure in a historical overview of the development of the New Economic Sociology, central to which are the ideas of Mark Granovetter and Rose whose critique of the Societal Approach is similar to Granovetter's programme. The author suggests that it is best to understand the difference between the two appraoches as a discussion over the principles of the sociological theory and develops his analysis by questioning the possible concequences that the approaches may have both politically and for the practice of empirical research.

The article aims to discuss the "New Economic Sociology" by developing a comparative analysis of two sociological approaches: the New Economic Sociology and the Societal Approach. The author takes his departure in a historical overview of the development of the New Economic Sociology, central to which are the ideas of Mark Granovetter and Rose whose critique of the Societal Approach is similar to Granovetter's programme. The author suggests that it is best to understand the difference between the two appraoches as a discussion over the principles of the sociological theory and develops his analysis by questioning the possible concequences that the approaches may have both politically and for the practice of empirical research. ; Šiandienos mokslinėje literatūroje vis labiau įsigali termino naujoji ekonomikos sociologija vartojimas. Visuotinai pripažįstama, kad šis terminas atsirado kartu su Marko Granovetterio straipsniu "Ekonominis veiksmas ir socialinė struktūra: steigties problema", kuris pasirodė 1985-aisiais metais. Verta pažymėti, kad tais pačiais, 1985-aisiais, metais pasirodęs Michaelio Rose'o kritinis straipsnis apie bendruomeninį požiūrį (societal approach) į ekonomikos institutus buvo daug kuo panašus į Granovetterio programą. Šiame straipsnyje nagrinėjami teorinių ir metodologinių aspektų panašumai ir skirtumai tarp anksčiau minėtos programos ir europinės kilmės "bendruomeninio požiūrio". Keliamas klausimas ir apie šių dviejų koncepcijų poveikį empirinių tyrimų praktikai. Kartu pabrėžiama, kad tokia analizė padeda paaiškinti skirtumus bei panašumus tarp naujosios ekonomikos sociologijos ir kitų požiūrių į ekonomikos mokslą. Ir dar vienas svarbus dalykas: čia svarstomi ir aptariamųjų koncepcijų ryšio su bendrosiomis sociologijos kryptimis klausimai. Apibendrinant pasakytina, kad vienas iš svarbiausių tokios analizės uždavinių - kuo išsamiau įvertinti įvairius, tiek praeities, tiek dabarties, sisteminius principus, kuriuos turėtume laikyti esminiais bendrojo sociologijos projekto atramos taškais. Be to, kalbėdami apie mokslinės analizės principus, neturėtume apeiti ir politinio konteksto specifikos.

AbstractDespite calls for bridging the gap between the sociology of social class and the sociology of elites, there are few examples where this actually has been done. This article seeks to do so by applying approachesand statistical techniques commonly used in studies of social mobility in an analysis of circulation mobility in elite formations. Based on register data on the whole Norwegian population born 1955-1975, we analyze the educational and professional intergenerational mobility among "the successful inheritors". In this way, and by focusing on mobility barriers and trajectories, we seek to uncover patterns of stability and change in family dynastic relations, i.e. relations that primarily are based on inheritedforms of capital. These patterns can also reveal what forms of intergenerational capital conversion have been the most common,and therefore also the most acceptable, in the upper and upper middle classes in postwar Norway, and what conversions have been less common. The results indicate that even in the supposedly egalitarian Norwegian elites, some inheritors prove to be "more equal than others".Keywords: Elite. Intergerational capital conversion. Mobility. Circulation an the top.CIRCULAÇÃO NO TOPO: ELITES, MOBILIDADE SOCIAL E CONVERSÃO INTERGERACIONAL DE CAPITALResumoApesar dos apelos para suprir a lacuna entre a sociologia das classes sociais e a sociologia das elites, há poucos exemplos em que issotenha sido feito. Este artigo busca fazer isso aplicando abordagens e técnicas estatísticas comumente utilizadas em estudos de mobilidadesocial em nas análise da mobilidade de circulação em formações de elite. Com base em dados de registro de toda a população norueguesa nascida entre 1955 e 1975, analisamos a mobilidade educacional e profissionalintergeracional entre "os herdeiros bem-sucedidos". Desta forma, e focalizando as barreiras e as trajetórias de mobilidade, buscamos descobrir os padrões de estabilidade e de mudança nas relações dinásticas familiares, ou seja, relações que se baseiam principalmente em formas hereditárias de capital. Além disso, esses padrões podemrevelar quais formas de conversão intergeracional de capital têm sido as mais comuns e, portanto, também, as mais aceitáveis nas classes média-alta e na classe alta da Noruega do pós-guerra, e quais conversões têmsido menos comuns. Os resultados indicam que, mesmo nas elites norueguesas supostamente igualitárias, alguns herdeiros provamser "mais iguais do que outros".Palavras-chave: Elites. Conversão intergeracional de capital. Mobilidade. Circulação no topo.

Cet article traite de la contribution de la théorie des champs de Pierre Bourdieu à des études comparatives du champ du pouvoir dans différents pays. En retenant, comme cas empirique, l'exemple de la Norvège, il traite des difficultés méthodologiques que comporte la mise en évidence des structures de l'espace social et du champ du pouvoir. Ensuite, il insiste sur la différence essentielle, mais souvent négligée, entre généralisation empirique et généralisation théorique. L'apport principal de l'exploitation, à l'aide de l'analyse géométrique des données, de l'édition 2000-2001 de la Norway Leadership Survey est de montrer qu'il existe en Norvège une dynastie politique dont les membres circulent régulièrement entre les secteurs et les positions les plus élevés de la société norvégienne, ainsi qu'une opposition structurale entre « héritiers » et « outsiders ». Ces résultats n'illustrent pas seulement la validité du cadre d'analyse proposé par Bourdieu pour étudier d'autres cas nationaux que la France ; ils montrent aussi que son approche peut renouveler l'étude des processus du changement social dans d'autres sociétés que la France.

Researchers engage in increasingly complex relationships with society and business in the process of conducting research. Can qualitative research produce high-quality results when there are close ties between the researchers and those being researched, or between research institutions, those who commission research, and user groups? This is a question that researchers should actively address, but which many are not always aware of.

With examples from qualitative studies in healthcare, policing, bureaucracy and politics, the anthology's contributors provide a comprehensive presentation of challenges researchers face when they are close to those they are researching, as well as tools that can be used to contend with certain challenges.

Proximity to Professions, Work and Politics will be of particular interest to students and researchers working with studies of professional life, organisations, work and politics, either through commissioned research or other research projects. - Forskere inngår i stadig mer komplekse relasjoner med samfunn og næringsliv i gjennomføring av forskning. Hvordan kan kvalitativ forskning produsere kunnskap av høy kvalitet når det er tette bånd mellom forskerne og de som forskes på, eller mellom forskningsinstitusjoner, oppdragsgivere og brukergrupper? Dette er et spørsmål forskere bør forholde seg aktivt til, men som mange ikke alltid er seg like bevisst.

Med eksempler fra kvalitative studier innen helse, politi, byråkrati og politikk, gir bokas bidragsytere en samlet fremstilling av utfordringer forskere kan møte når de er tett på dem de forsker på, samt hvilke verktøy man kan ta i bruk for å håndtere gitte utfordringer.

Tett på profesjon, arbeid og politikk henvender seg spesielt til studenter og forskere som arbeider med studier av profesjon, organisasjon, arbeid og politikk, enten gjennom oppdragsforskning eller andre forskningsprosjekter.