Suchergebnisse

Aim: Montenegrin government is increasingly aware of the key role of women in the society and attempts to improve social cohesion among Montenegrin people. Precondition is a high degree of life satisfaction and happiness. Methods: We used the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) of 2018 to analyse the distribution and interaction of 22 potential determinants out of 383 variables available. The participation rate was 77.7 or 2,276 women aged 15-49 years out of 2,928 invited. As data quality turned out to be limited, we employed a data mining approach, i.e. an interactive Classification and Regression Tree (C&RT). Happiness was measured ranging from very happy to very unhappy on a categorical scale of 5 steps Results: Of all Montenegrin women 70.7% declared themselves as very happy. Likewise, a 10-point scale of life satisfaction classifies 82.0% of the sample in the top ranks 8-10. Furthermore, 73.6% of the women expect the next year to be even better. Wealth, younger age, and marriage or living in union determine the status of happiness. Conclusion: Women in Montenegro exhibit a high degree of self-reported happiness and life satisfaction. Montenegrin policies should continue to support the role of women in the society. Conflicts of interest: None declared.

Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt zwei eng miteinander verbundene Strategien der Intervention in die Gesundheitsentwicklung der Bevölkerung in hoch entwickelten Ländern vor: (1) Krankheitsprävention als Strategie der Vermeidung oder Verringerung von Gesundheitsschädigungen durch gefährdende Expositionen, Belastungen und personengebundene Risiken. Sie zielt vor allem auf Risikogruppen mit klar erwartbaren, erkennbaren oder bereits im Ansatz eingetretenen Anzeichen von Gesundheitsstörungen und Krankheiten. Ziel ist die Verhinderung des Voranschreitens einer Gesundheitsstörung oder Krankheit in ein jeweils problematisches Stadium und das Vermeiden von Folgestörungen psychischer und sozialer Art sowie das Reduzieren von Folgekrankheiten. (2) Gesundheitsförderung als Strategie der Beeinflussung gesundheitsrelevanter Lebensbedingungen und Lebensweisen aller Bevölkerungsgruppen mit dem Ziel der Stärkung von persönlicher und sozialer Gesundheitskompetenz. Die Gesundheitsförderung berücksichtigt dabei sowohl medizinische als auch hygienische, psychische, kulturelle, familiäre, soziale, rechtliche, edukative, ökonomische, architektonische und ökologische Aspekte. - Der Beitrag behandelt die aufeinander aufbauenden Stadien von Interventionsschritten bei den beiden Strategien, er erläutert jeweils die theoretischen und methodischen Ansätze der Begründung und Evaluation, und illustriert diese Befunde mit konkreten Beispielen. (ICI2)

Abstract The interest in quality management in health care has increased in the last decades as the financial crises in most health systems generated the need for solutions to contain costs while maintaining quality of care. In Germany the development of quality management procedures has been closely linked with health care reforms. Starting in the early nineties quality management issues gained momentum in reform legislation only 10 years later. This review summarizes recent developments in medical quality management as related to the federal reform legislation in Germany. It provides an overview on the infrastructure, actors and on the current discussion concerning quality management in medical care. Germany had to catch up on implementing quality management in the health system compared to other countries. Considerable progress has been made, however, it is recognized that the full integration of quality management will require long-term commitment in developing methods, instruments and communication procedures. The most ambitious project at present is the development of a comprehensive comparative quality management system for hospitals at national level, including public reporting. For the time being medical quality management in Germany is dealt with as a technical and professional issue while the aspects of patient orientation and transparency need further advancement.