Suchergebnisse

This article applies both single cross-section and dual cross-section approaches to modeling the propensity to be self-employed among the foreign born in the Australian labor market. The results from a single cross-section regression indicate that educational attainment, Australian labor market experience, the availability of capital, marital status and job related characteristics are important influences on self-employment outcomes. The propensity to be self-employed among immigrants is shown to be enhanced by the existence of enclave markets. Ethnic enclaves created via a common language provide more relevant prospects for self-employment than does the concentration of immigrants by birthplace. However, enclave markets do not have a significant impact on the self-employment outcomes of the Australian-born children of immigrants. The dual cross-section approach shows that the cross-section self-employment growth among immigrants is predominantly an adjustment effect rather than a cohort effect.

The identification of novel, oncogenic gene rearrangements in inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) demonstrates the potential of next generation sequencing (NGS) platforms for the detection of therapeutically relevant oncogenes across multiple tumor types, but raises significant questions relating to the investigation of targeted therapies in this new era of widespread NGS testing.

This paper uses the 2006 Australian Time Use Survey to examine the allocation of time to personal care, employment‐related activities, home duties, leisure and child care of lone mothers, in comparison to the time allocations of single women, women in childless couples and partnered mothers. Both primary and secondary time allocations are considered. The satisfactions that women report concerning their current time allocations are also analysed. The time use and satisfaction data are described using both tabulations and multiple regression methods. Lone mothers are shown to have similar time allocations as the other types of households, even though they have different financial and time resources. This raises the concern that lone mothers' desire or need to maintain such time allocations may lead to task overload. Consistent with this, lone mothers are found to be less satisfied with the way they allocate their time than single women and partnered mothers. The tensions associated with time use among lone mothers discussed in the literature are real, and important.

AbstractThis study examines the determinants of high school graduation in Australia. It uses two main approaches to estimation. The first of these is a conventional probit model based on a range of family background and demographic variables. This approach is then extended through consideration of a random parameters probit model. The results show that schools matter to the chances of completing high school in Australia. However, the school effects seem to have more to do with the selection of more able students with superior socioeconomic backgrounds than with the independent creation of favourable school or classroom climates.

This study examines the determinants of high school graduation in Australia. It uses two main approaches to estimation. The first of these is a conventional probit model based on a range of family background & demographic variables. This approach is then extended through consideration of a random parameters probit model. The results show that schools matter to the chances of completing high school in Australia. However, the school effects seem to have more to do with the selection of more able students with superior socioeconomic backgrounds than with the independent creation of favorable school or classroom climates. 3 Tables, 1 Appendix, 32 References. Adapted from the source document.

This article examines the determinants of school choice (government, Catholic or other independent schools) as well as the success in completing year 12 for cohorts of students born in 1961 and 1970. The results show that those attending Catholic and other independent schools have favourable socio‐economic backgrounds. Ability has a significant and positive effect on the probability of completing year 12. There is no evidence of unobserved selection effects on the probability of completing year 12 for the 1961 cohort. For the 1970 cohort, there is negative selection into other independent schools and positive selection into Catholic schools. Decomposition results further reveal that selection on the basis of observed characteristics accounts for only a small part of the observed differences in year 12 completion rates across the three school systems. In comparison, selection on the basis of unobserved factors is an important part of the difference in year 12 completion rates. The school effects for both cohorts are much larger than those reported in previous studies.

Studies of the Australian labour market during the 1980s reported that the gender wage differential narrowed. However, a different story emerged during the 1990s when the gender pay gap persisted. A large part of the pay gap is attributable to different 'treatments' of men and women in the labour market. This article examines whether the female wage‐disadvantaged state is a temporary or permanent phenomenon. The results show that while there is some mobility in the female wage distribution, there also exists a high degree of stickiness. It is argued that the wage‐disadvantaged state for females is generally not a temporary phenomenon.

Two approaches have been used to model unemployment. The first, conventional, approach involves linking the unemployment outcome to observed indices of productivity, structural factors and discrimination such as educational attainment, location and birthplace. The second approach, the inertia model, involves using a person's labour market history as a way of including in unemployment models information on the 'unobservables' that influence employability. This paper evaluates the performance of both models of unemployment. The results provide unambiguous support for the inertia model when modelling unemployment. The inertia model has higher explanatory power, higher within‐sample prediction rate success and fewer out‐of‐sample forecasting errors than the conventional model. The estimates from the inertia model can be used to provide quite accurate predictions of the risk of becoming unemployed. This is important if individuals at high risk of becoming unemployed are to be targeted for labour market assistance.

This paper outlines the main features of the recent longitudinal survey that should provide a valuable information base for study of the Australian labour market.

"This book investigates the extent of gender inequality in the division of labor in the modern household. Through comparisons of the time allocations of single couple families without children, couple families with children and lone parents, a comprehensive account of the evolution of gender inequality over a typical lifecourse is presented"--Provided by publisher