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On the 50th anniversary of the ISSA and IRSS, an increasingly influential Korean scholar in the sociology of sport, Jung Woo Lee, considers the development of and challenges for the sociology of sport in Korea. While the sociology of sport was first introduced to South Korea in the late 1960s, growing academic interest was fuelled by the Asian Games and Olympic Games in Seoul in the 1980s. Key volumes, such as Lim's introduction to the field and an influential edited volume on sport and social theory published by the Korean Society for the Sociology of Sport, set important benchmarks for development. Key challenges for the sociology of sport revolve around the tensions in practical application in relation to the formation of policy and the need to develop unique theoretical and critical approaches to sport in the Korean context to reduce the dependency on positivism and empiricism. Two key research lines, focused on the dynamics of globalisation and sport and on the ideological power of sport communication and media, have particular relevance to the Korean situation moving forward.

Anders als in einer Vielzahl bisheriger Veröffentlichungen zum Verhältnis zwischen Sport und Kommunismus, sind in diesem Beitrag nicht die Sowjetunion und ihre direkten Verbündeten Gegenstand der Betrachtung, sondern mit Nordkorea und Kuba zwei Staaten, die derzeit die meisten typischen Eigenschaften des Staatssozialismus auf sich vereinen und die, trotz großer Unterschiede, auch diverse Gemeinsamkeiten aufweisen. Nach einer knappen einleitenden Betrachtung der historisch schwierigen Beziehung des Kommunismus mit dem Sport wird unter anderem herausgearbeitet, dass der Sport in beiden Ländern (wie in anderen sozialistischen Staaten auch) als Mittel der Propaganda sowie zur sozialistischen Ausbildung des eigenen Volkes eingesetzt wird, zwei Ziele, die, wie gezeigt wird, in einem gewissen Widerspruch zueinander stehen. (Messerschmidt). (BISp).

This article examines South Korean media coverage of the 2004 Athens Olympic Games and concerns the discourse around the unification of North and South Korea, with the emergence of a unitary nationalism as the main theme during this period. Unitary Korean nationalism was becoming a dominant form of discourse on inter-Korean relations and was evident in the South Korean media coverage of the Olympics. Despite this, there exists a gap between sporting nationalism and political nationalism. The mood of reconciliation between the two Koreas is less evident in politics than in sport due to the ongoing political tensions and conflicts in the Korean peninsula. Wider tensions evident in the period leading up to the London 2012 Olympic Games reinforce this conclusion.

North Korea is arguably the least understood and the most reclusive country in the world. This article discusses the use of sport in the country as a vehicle for political propaganda and, in particular, the role of nationalism within the communist sporting culture. Although most nation states have become increasingly interdependent politically and economically in the so-called global era, relatively few countries have an official relationship with North Korea. Sport may be one of the few arenas in which the world can glimpse North Korean people and their culture because North Korean athletes consistently participate in international sporting competition, both inside and outside of the country, regardless of political and economic isolation. In this article, an attempt is made to paint a picture of North Korean society by exploring the country's sport culture. Particular attention will be paid to the political, and specifically the nationalistic, dimension of sport in North Korea. To this end, three case studies— football, taekwondo, and mass gymnastics—are explored. This study of North Korean sport offers useful insights into the political and nationalistic elements embedded in the country's cultural practice, and, more generally, insights into the problematic relationship between communism and nationalism.

Sport is frequently considered to be an aspect of popular culture that is, or should be, untainted by the political. However, there is a broad consensus among academics that sport is often at the heart of the political and the political is often central to sport. From the 1936 Olympic Games in Nazi Germany to the civil unrest that preceded the 2014 World Cup in Brazil, sport and politics have remained symbiotic bedfellows. The Routledge Handbook of Sport and Politics goes further than any other book in surveying the complex, embedded relationships between sport and politics. With sections addressing ideologies, nation and statehood, corporate politics, political activism, social justice, and the politics of sports events, it introduces the conceptual foundations that underpin our understanding of the sport-politics nexus and examines emergent issues in this field of study. Including in-depth case studies from North America, South America, Europe, the Middle East, Africa and Asia, this is an essential reference for anybody with an interest in the social scientific study of sport.

Sports mega-events, like the Rugby World Cup, are often considered as a major platform for the celebration and reinforcement of nationalism. However, there is an emerging strand of research which contends that the host nations are increasingly presenting themselves with diverse, inclusive and cosmopolitan characteristics and, in turn, forms of nationalism have undergone some noticeable changes in more recent times. In this paper, we pursue an argument that Japan as the host of the 2019 Rugby World Cup projected the nation with a cosmopolitan outlook ultimately to sustain or even strengthen national interest and identity through the process of 'cosmopolitan nationalism'. Methodologically, the research deployed critical discourse analysis to examine media representations of Japan as the host nation in general, and its national team in particular, within one of the leading Japanese newspapers as well as a range of other publicly available resources and materials in relation to the Rugby World Cup. In result, the study reveals the ways in which the discourse of 'One Team', embracement of foreignness and incidents of international exchanges during the event were mobilised to generate 'thin' cosmopolitan moments and, at the same time, were incorporated into the narratives of Japan's success on the world stage through conditional acceptance of foreignness and diversity. Consequently, this paper offers both a theoretical underpinning for and empirical evidence of the emerging linkage between sports mega-events and cosmopolitan nationalism.

Chapter 1. Introduction – Sports Mega-Events in Asia: Past, Present and Future (John Horne, Koji Kobayashi, Younghan Cho and Jung-Woo Lee) -- Chapter 2. Olympic Games and China's Rise (Susan Brownell) -- Chapter 3. Political Ideologies, Two Chinas Issue, Mega-events in Taiwan (Yu-Wen Chen and Tien-Chin Tan) -- Chapter 4. Politics of the Asian Games and the East Asian Games in China (Marcus P. Chu) -- Chapter 5. Sport Mega-Events and the Contested Terrain of Space, Bodies and Commodities: The Politics and Complexities of Rugby World Cup 2019 (Steven J. Jackson and Koji Kobayashi) -- Chapter 6.Environment Eclipsed: Tokyo 2020 Sustainability Initiatives and the Pandemic Postponement (Robin Kietlinski) -- Chapter 7. Networking Dissent Voices: Korea-Japan Civic Alliance for Olympic Resistance (Kyoung-Yim Kim, Satoko Itani, Kyung Ryeol Lee and Misako Ichimura) -- Chapter 8. Better, Bigger, Bitter – The Rise of the Asian Games in a Toxic Political Environment (Jörg Krieger) -- Chapter 9. Inter-Korean connection in 2018 at Sport Mega-Events in Asia: From the Winter Olympic Games in PyeongChang to the Summer Asian Games in Jakarta-Palembang (Jung-Woo Lee and Younghan Cho) -- Chapter 10. The Rugby World Cup 2019 and the Politics of Disaster Recovery in Kamaishi, Japan (Masatoshi Mukoyama and Masayuki Takao).-Chapter 11. FIFA 2022 in Qatar: The Clash of Orientalism and Occidentalism (Kamilla Swart-Arries and Umer Hussain) -- Chapter 12. Sports Events and Infrastructure of Nostalgia: The Indonesian Asian Games 2018 and 'the Spirit of 1962' (Friederike Trotier).

Purpose Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is very common but few studies have analyzed the injury mechanism and cause of ACL tear in a specific environment such as a military institution. The purpose of this study was to analyze the injury mechanism and cause of ACL injury in the military environment. Additionally, this study could provide outcomes that may aid future studies on prevention of ACL injury in military personnel. Materials and methods This study retrospectively analyzed 168 patients who sustained ACL tear while in military service and underwent ACL reconstruction surgery in a military hospital. Analysis of the injury mechanism and the cause was evaluated by analyzing the medical records. Knee magnetic resonance imaging analysis was also conducted for further evaluation of associated injury. Results The majority of ACL injuries in the military environment occurred through non-contact injury. Changing direction (46.4%) was the most common lower-leg position, followed by landing with the knee in a valgus position (26.8%). The activity undertaken at the time of injury was exercise in 76.2% of cases and military training/daily activities in 23.8% of cases. The incidence of ACL injury was higher in the soldier compared to the officer group during exercise (P = 0.017). Soccer was the most common activity at the time of injury (54.1%), followed by military training/daily activities, futsal, and basketball. The most common injury time was between 30 and 60 min after the start of exercise. Commonly associated injury sites were the medial meniscus and the medial collateral ligament. Conclusions The main mechanism of ACL injury occurring in the military environment was non-contact injury, especially on changing the direction of the lower leg. Soccer was the most frequent activity at the time of the injury. These findings suggested that preventive strategies against ACL injury in the military environment could effectively reduce the incidence of ACL injury.

The interaction strength of Au nanoparticles with pristine and nitrogen doped TiO2 nanowire surfaces was analysed using density functional theory and their significance in enhancing the solar driven photoelectrocatalytic properties was elucidated. In this article, we prepared 4-dimethylaminopyridine capped Au nanoparticle decorated TiO2 nanowire systems. The density functional theory calculations show {101} facets of TiO2 as the preferred phase for dimethylaminopyridine–Au nanoparticles anchoring with a binding energy of 8.282 kcal mol1 . Besides, the interaction strength of Au nanoparticles was enhanced nearly four-fold (35.559 kcal mol1 ) at {101} facets via nitrogen doping, which indeed amplified the Au nanoparticle density on nitrided TiO2. The Au coated nitrogen doped TiO2 (N–TiO2–Au) hybrid electrodes show higher absorbance owing to the light scattering effect of Au nanoparticles. In addition, N–TiO2–Au hybrid electrodes block the charge leakage from the electrode to the electrolyte and thus reduce the charge recombination at the electrode/electrolyte interface. Despite the beneficial band narrowing effect of nitrogen in TiO2 on the electrochemical and visible light activity in N–TiO2–Au hybrid electrodes, it results in low photocurrent generation at higher Au NP loading (3.4 107 M) due to light blocking the N–TiO2 surface. Strikingly, even with a ten-fold lower Au NP loading (0.34 107 M), the synergistic effects of nitrogen doping and Au NPs on the N–TiO2–Au hybrid system yield high photocurrent compared to TiO2 and TiO2–Au electrodes. As a result, the N–TiO2–Au electrode produces nearly 270 mmol h1 cm2 hydrogen, which is nearly two-fold higher than the pristine TiO2 counterpart. The implications of these findings for the design of efficient hybrid photoelectrocatalytic electrodes are discussed. Introduc ; Global Research Laboratory (GRL) Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Science. K20704000003TA050000310 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) University Jaume I. P1.1B2014-51 Government of the Russian Federation. 074-U01