Suchergebnisse

Aufgrund der immensen ökonomischen Verluste im Zusammenhang mit Ausbrüchen der Klassischen Schweinepest (KSP) werden Notfall-Immunisierungspläne für die Europäische Union diskutiert. Tiere, welche mit dem konventionellen C-Stamm Lebendimpfstoff immunisiert wurden, unterliegen Handelsrestriktionen. Um diese Restriktionen zu lockern bzw. aufzuheben sind wirksame Markerimpfstoffe notwendig. Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Prüfung der Markerimpfstoff-Kandidaten CP7_E2alf und CP7_E1E2alf_TLA in Tierversuchen. Weiterhin wurden neue diagnostische Methoden wie real-time RT-PCR Systeme zur Unterscheidung von Impfviren und Feldvirusstämmen entwickelt. Die Volllängen-Sequenzierung von Genomen ist eine hilfreiche Methode im Rahmen epidemiologischer Untersuchungen. Fünf aktuelle deutsche KSP Isolate wurden sequenziert und die Ergebnisse für die Nachverfolgung der Virusverbreitung und für phylogenetische Analysen des Virus in den Wildschweinepopulationen von Nordrhein-Westfalen und Rheinland-Pfalz herangezogen. ; Due to the vast economic consequences of classical swine fever outbreaks, emergency vaccination plans are under discussion in European Union Member States. However, animals vaccinated with the conventional C-strain vaccine are subject to trade restrictions. To ease these restrictions, potent marker vaccines are required. In this study the marker vaccine candidates CP7_E2alf and CP7_E1E2alf_TLA are tested in several animal experiments. As a second aspect new diagnostic methods like real-time RT-PCR assays were developed to discriminate vaccinated from infected animals. Complete sequencing of CSF virus isolates has been used to facilitate epidemiological investigations. Therefore five recent German classical swine fever isolates have been sequenced and these results were used to study virus spread and evolution history in German wild boar based on phylogenetic analysis of isolates from North Rhine-Westphalia and Rhineland-Palatinate.

Aufgrund der immensen ökonomischen Verluste im Zusammenhang mit Ausbrüchen der Klassischen Schweinepest (KSP) werden Notfall-Immunisierungspläne für die Europäische Union diskutiert. Tiere, welche mit dem konventionellen C-Stamm Lebendimpfstoff immunisiert wurden, unterliegen Handelsrestriktionen. Um diese Restriktionen zu lockern bzw. aufzuheben sind wirksame Markerimpfstoffe notwendig. Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Prüfung der Markerimpfstoff-Kandidaten CP7_E2alf und CP7_E1E2alf_TLA in Tierversuchen. Weiterhin wurden neue diagnostische Methoden wie real-time RT-PCR Systeme zur Unterscheidung von Impfviren und Feldvirusstämmen entwickelt. Die Volllängen-Sequenzierung von Genomen ist eine hilfreiche Methode im Rahmen epidemiologischer Untersuchungen. Fünf aktuelle deutsche KSP Isolate wurden sequenziert und die Ergebnisse für die Nachverfolgung der Virusverbreitung und für phylogenetische Analysen des Virus in den Wildschweinepopulationen von Nordrhein-Westfalen und Rheinland-Pfalz herangezogen. ; Due to the vast economic consequences of classical swine fever outbreaks, emergency vaccination plans are under discussion in European Union Member States. However, animals vaccinated with the conventional C-strain vaccine are subject to trade restrictions. To ease these restrictions, potent marker vaccines are required. In this study the marker vaccine candidates CP7_E2alf and CP7_E1E2alf_TLA are tested in several animal experiments. As a second aspect new diagnostic methods like real-time RT-PCR assays were developed to discriminate vaccinated from infected animals. Complete sequencing of CSF virus isolates has been used to facilitate epidemiological investigations. Therefore five recent German classical swine fever isolates have been sequenced and these results were used to study virus spread and evolution history in German wild boar based on phylogenetic analysis of isolates from North Rhine-Westphalia and Rhineland-Palatinate.

Classical swine fever (CSF) is one of the most important diseases of pigs. Vaccination in the European Union is limited to emergency situations. Currently, vaccination for the purpose of disease control is carried out in wild boar populations. Wild boar are in most cases vaccinated using an oral bait vaccine based on the live modified vaccine virus C-strain "Riems". A real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) protocol for differentiation of C-strain "Riems" vaccine virus from CSF virus (CSFV) field isolates was published previously. In this real-time RT-PCR system differentiation is based on two nucleotide difference one at the 3' end of each of the primer-binding sites in the ERNS encoding genome region. During extensive diagnostic use of this protocol in an outbreak of CSF in wild boar in Germany, some C-strain positive field samples were found to give negative results in the C-strain "Riems" specific real-time RT-PCR, but positive results in a pan-CSFV real-time RT-PCR system. Moreover, sequencing of C-strain "Riems" vaccine batches for intramuscular use revealed differences in the ERNS encoding region. This led to the assumption that mutations in the corresponding primer-binding site of the C-strain specific system had appeared in the field, and possibly also during manufacturing of different vaccine batches. To test this hypothesis and restore sensitivity, a new primer set for detection of the possible C-strain virus quasi species was designed and tested. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Due to the vast economic consequences of classical swine fever (CSF) outbreaks, emergency vaccination plans are under discussion in European Union Member States. However, animals vaccinated with the conventional C-strain vaccine are subject to trade restrictions. To ease these restrictions, potent marker vaccines are required. One promising candidate is the chimeric pestivirus CP7_E2alf. For emergency vaccination in a CSF outbreak scenario, early onset of immunity is required. Here, the studies performed with a CP7_E2alf virus stock produced under good manufacturing conditions (GMP) are reported. In challenge experiments, CP7_E2alf induced full clinical protection 1 week after intramuscular vaccination, and 2 weeks after oral immunization. Furthermore, even after application of diluted vaccine preparations complete protection could be achieved if challenge infection was carried out 4 weeks after vaccination. In conclusion, GMP-produced CP7_E2alf proved to be a suitable marker vaccine candidate - also for emergency vaccination - both after intramuscular and oral application. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Classical swine fever (CSF) is one of the most important diseases of pigs. Although prophylactic vaccination is banned within the European Union, emergency vaccination, allowing differentiation of vaccinated from infected animals, is an option for disease control. Up to now, these strategies are based on antibody detection. In this context, conventional modified live vaccines are not suitable. A promising perspective could be genetic differentiation of vaccinated from infected animals where field virus strains are differentiated from vaccine viruses by sequence differences. This concept could also be used with marker vaccines. To this end, a set of real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays was developed and validated. Specific primers and probes were designed for detection of the C-strain "Riems" vaccine virus or the chimeric marker vaccine candidate CP7_E2alf. A heterologous internal positive control was also included. The assays were then multiplexed to detect simultaneously either CSF field virus, C-strain "Riems", and the internal control or CSF field virus, CP7_E2alf, and the internal control. To validate both systems, samples from vaccination/challenge trials were tested. Only samples from vaccinated animals were found to be positive, while all samples from wild type virus-infected animals and a broad test panel of different pestiviruses were negative. Field application of the "C-strain Riems" specific assay was proven with wild boar samples from surveillance programs in Germany and France. In conclusion, ready-to-use RT-PCR sets are presented as reliable tools for genetic differentiation of vaccinated from infected animals for CSFV eradication strategies. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved