Suchergebnisse

In diesem Kapitel präsentieren die Autoren die Soziale Netzwerkanalyse im Kontext aktueller Bildungsreformen, die sich auf Instruktionspraktiken von Lehrpersonen beziehen. Lehrpersonen spielen für die Implementation von Bildungsformen eine zentrale Rolle. Soziale Netzwerke von Lehrpersonen sind insofern von hoher Bedeutung, als Lehrpersonen im Zuge der Implikation neuer Praktiken auf lokales Wissen und lokale Normen zurückgreifen. Die Autoren beschreiben drei netzwerkanalytische Ansätze: Erstens präsentieren sie Netzwerkdaten graphisch, um die Struktur des Netzwerkes zu charakterisieren, durch die Information und Wissen über die Reform verbreitet werden. Zweitens verwenden sie soziale Einflussmodelle, um darzustellen, wie Überzeugungen und Verhalten von Lehrpersonen von denjenigen Lehrpersonen beeinflusst werden, mit denen sie interagieren. Drittens verwenden die Autoren soziale Selektionsmodelle, um darzustellen, wie Lehrpersonen die Personen auswählen, mit denen sie die Reform betreffend interagieren. Sie diskutieren Implikationen für den wissenschaftlichen Dialog, die Bedeutung für bildungspolitische Studien sowie die praktische Bedeutung für bildungspolitische Akteure und Schulangestellte. (DIPF/Orig.).;;;In this chapter the authors present social network analysis in the context of recent educational reforms concerning teachers' instructional practices. Teachers are critical to the implementation of educational reforms, and teacher networks are important because teachers draw on local knowledge and conform to local norms as they implement new practices. The authors describe three social network approaches. First, they graphically represent network data to characterize the network structure through which information and knowledge about reforms might diffuse. Second, they use social influence models to express how teachers' beliefs or behaviors are affected by others with whom they interact. Third, the authors use social selection models to express how teachers might select with whom to engage in interactions about reforms. They discuss the implications for scientific dialogue, and for informing educational policy studies and the practice of educational policy makers and school administrators. (DIPF/Orig.).

This study investigated variance in the structure, functions and implications of young adults' dual filial piety beliefs in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan using the dual filial piety model (DFPM). A total of 879 Chinese college students participated in the study, including 424 students in Hong Kong, 155 in Macau and 300 in Taiwan. Information on these young adults' filial piety beliefs and life satisfaction was collected. The results showed that while measures of filial piety beliefs performed well in general in the three regions, there were some regional differences. Young adults in Taiwan and Macau endorsed stronger reciprocal filial piety beliefs than young adults in Hong Kong, whereas young adults in Macau and Taiwan endorsed stronger authoritarian filial piety beliefs than their peers in Taiwan. In Taiwan, both reciprocal and authoritarian filial piety positively contributed to young adults' life satisfaction. However, only reciprocal filial piety mattered for life satisfaction in Macau, and only authoritarian filial piety in Hong Kong.

This study explores how a scientist's location in science‐based policy networks can affect her policy‐oriented behaviors. In particular, we hypothesize that those scientists who fill structural holes in their networks will be more likely than others to engage in policy‐oriented behaviors. The network data are defined by scientists' coauthorship on policy documents regarding climate change in the Great Lakes. We employ a two‐mode network analysis to identify clusters of scientists who coauthored similar documents, and relative to those clusters, we identify those who fill structural holes by bridging between clusters. We find that those scientists who bridged between clusters were more likely to engage in policy‐oriented behaviors of policy advocacy and advising than were others in the network. This is an example of a link between network location and policy‐oriented behavior indicative of the broader phenomenon of how individuals exert agency, given structural constraints.

Abstract
Although agricultural production faces chronic stress associated with extreme precipitation events, high temperatures, drought, and shifts in climate conditions, adoption of climate information into agricultural decision making has been relatively limited. Agricultural advisors have been shown to play important roles as information intermediaries between scientists and farmers, brokering, translating, and adding value to agronomic and economic information of use in agricultural management decision making. Yet little is known about the readiness of different types of agricultural advisors to use weather and climate information to help their clients manage risk under increasing climate uncertainty. More than 1700 agricultural advisors in four midwestern states (Nebraska, Indiana, Iowa, and Michigan) completed a web-based survey during the spring of 2012 about their use of weather and climate information, public or private sector employment, and roles as information intermediaries in three advising specializations: agronomic, conservation, and financial. Key findings reveal that advisors who specialize in providing agronomic information are positively inclined toward acting as weather and climate information intermediaries, based on influence and willingness to use climate information in providing many types of operational and tactical advice. Advisors who provide conservation advice appear to be considering weather and climate information when providing tactical and strategic land-use advice, but advisors who provide financial advice seem less inclined to act as climate information intermediaries. These findings highlight opportunities to increase the capacity of different types of advisors to enable them to be effective weather and climate information intermediaries.

Abstract
As the climate in the midwestern United States becomes increasingly variable because of global climate change, it is critical to provide tools to the agricultural community to ensure adaptability and profitability of agricultural cropping systems. When used by farmers and their advisors, agricultural decision support tools can reduce uncertainty and risks in the planning, operation, and management decisions of the farm enterprise. Agricultural advisors have historically played a key role in providing information and guidance in these decisions. However, little is known about what these advisors know or think about weather and climate information and their willingness to incorporate this type of information into their advice to farmers. In this exploratory study, a diverse set of professionals who advise corn growers, including government, nonprofit, for-profit, and agricultural extension personnel, were surveyed in four states in the midwestern Corn Belt. Results from the survey indicate that advisors are more influenced by current weather conditions and 1–7-day forecasts than longer-term climate outlooks. Advisors predominantly consider historical weather trends and/or forecasts in their advice to farmers on short-term operational decisions versus longer-term tactical and strategic decisions. The main conclusion from this analysis is that opportunities exist to further engage the advisor community on weather and climate issues and, through them, the farmers who are managing the land.