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The rapid urban growth had a strong impact on the living conditions of the inhabitants of the cities. Port Cities experienced significant urban growth in the nineteenth century and early twentieth century. Trade growth and technological changes in ships led to the construction of new port facilities that completely transformed the landscape of port cities. Portuguese governments hoped that the modernization of the port and the establishment of railways would enable transformation of Castile into a hinterland of the Lisbon port. Emerging problems in the early stages of this process were related to hygiene, traffic, safety and the urban image of the city. Due to their relations with the outside world, the impact of migration and the existence of a fluid labour population, port cities sometimes had the image of being dangerous and unsafe havens. It was difficult to survey the flows of population and to control for goods, people and diseases. The aims of this article are to assess the way in which Lisbon and its port followed this international path and to highlight why its actualization was far behind the authorities' expectations. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

Abstract
This article analyses which factors seem to influence the research production of economics academics in Portuguese universities. The availability of the empirical data from the one-off national Portuguese census on degrees' accreditation collected via the curricular files that all university academics had to submit to the national accreditation body (comprising an extensive list of detailed information regarding each academic in every public university) allowed for the opportunity of the study. The methodological procedures involve the analysis of the relationships between variables, an additive ordinal logistic model, a hierarchical cluster analysis and optimal scaling techniques. The results provide detailed information on the factors that influence research output production by academics and the relationship to factors shaping the academic career. This work has, at least, two main advantages: to describe the research performance of the academics by the time the new career statutes replaced the previous ones within a context of enhancing quality and productivity; and to be part of a scholarly reference that can be used (in a comparative perspective) for future studies.

"Accounting education ought to prepare future professionals to enter a principle-based, rules-oriented field of activity wherein technical knowledge of accounting standards (principles, rules and decision-procedures) and ethical awareness (capacity to discern moral issues and resolve ethical dilemmas) are crucial. Such endeavor is best performed by the accountant's adherence to the principles of the accounting profession, by individuals and firms who follow the appropriate rules, act according to the codes of conduct adopted by their profession, and exercise clear judgment whenever they address financial transactions, and consider/assess the state of a given business. Accounting Ethics Education: Making Ethics Real gathers a diversity of contributions from invited well-known experts and other specialists. It promotes comprehensive reflection around key trends, discussing and highlighting the most updated research on accounting ethics education, being an essential and useful reference in the field. In the performance of accounting tasks, the accountant should be educated and supported in the skills development and habit formation to solve accounting problems and recognize moral issues and resolve ethical dilemmas that will be encountered in their special tasks. Also, the book provides a moral map for identifying and acting on values when difficult situations arise. Examining multiple perspectives, the book improves the scholarly debate by providing cutting edge and insightful research, vital for all those interested and immersed in these matters. It will be of great value to academics, students, researchers, and professionals in the fields of accounting, accounting education and ethics"--

"The book Accounting Ethics Education: Teaching Virtues and Values gathers a diversity of contributions from invited well-known experts. It promotes a comprehensive reflection around how ethics can and should be taught to accounting students, discussing and highlighting the most updated research on accounting ethics education, being an essential and useful reference in the field. The subject of accounting ethics education is critical to foster behavior that may prevent the way in which one acts or behaves, especially towards others. The point is that accounting education cannot exist without ethical education and accountants must be technically proficient and ethically sensible since ethical behavior is vital to the status and credibility of the accountancy profession. And this sensibility must be developed while the future professional is still cultivating his moral and intellectual structure within the school learning environment: character and practical reasoning are crucial because not only includes the knowledge of rules and principles, and their correct application, but also values and virtues. Examining multiple perspectives, the book Accounting Ethics Education: Teaching Virtues and Values improves the scholarly debate by providing cutting edge and insightful research, vital for all those interested and immersed in these matters. It begins with an historical perspective of accounting ethics education and continues by exploring challenges, opportunities and developments in the area. It will be of great value to academics, students, researchers, and professionals in the fields of accounting, accounting education and ethics"--

"This book focuses on the relationship between marketing education and marketing profession and the intersection between different stakeholders. It contains empirical, conceptual and theoretical contributions in marketing education. It also provides guidance on the redefinition of professional profiles and offers useful tools and insights for deeper and more productive intersections"--

This work aims to optimize and assess the potential use of lipid nanoparticles, namely nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), as drug delivery systems of rifapentine (RPT) for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). A Box-Behnken design was used to increase drug encapsulation efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC) of RPT-loaded NLCs. The optimized nanoparticles were fully characterized, and their effect on cell viability was assessed. The quality-by-design approach allowed the optimization of RPT-loaded NLCs with improved EE and LC using the minimum of experiments. Analyses of variance were indicative of the validity of this model to optimize this nanodelivery system. The optimized NLCs had a mean diameter of 242 ± 9 nm, polydispersity index <0.2, and a highly negative zeta potential. EE values were higher than 80%, and differential scanning calorimetry analysis enabled the confirmation of the efficient encapsulation of RPT. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed spherical nanoparticles, uniform in shape and diameter, with no visible aggregation. Stability studies indicated that NLCs were stable over time. No toxicity was observed in primary human macrophage viability for nanoparticles up to 1000 µg mL-1. Overall, the optimized NLCs are efficient carriers of RPT and should be considered for further testing as promising drug delivery systems to be used in TB treatment. ; This work received financial support from the European Union (FEDER funds through COMPETE POCI-01-0145-FEDER-30624) and National Funds (FCT, Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia) through project PTDC/BTM-MAT/30624/2017.

Tuberculosis (TB) is still a devastating disease and more people have died of TB than any other infectious diseases throughout the history. The current therapy consists of a multidrug combination in a long-term treatment, being associated with the appearance of several adverse effects. Thus, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were developed using mannose as a lectin receptor ligand conjugate for macrophage targeting and to increase the therapeutic index of rifampicin (RIF). The developed SLNs were studied in terms of diameter, polydispersity index, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC). Morphology, in vitro drug release and differential scanning calorimetry studies, macrophage uptake studies, cell viability and storage stability studies were also performed. The diameter of the SLNs obtained was within the range of 160–250 nm and drug EE was above 75%. The biocompatibility of M-SLNs was verified and the internalization in macrophages was improved with the mannosylation. The overall results suggested that the developed mannosylated formulations are safe and a promising tool for TB therapy targeted for macrophages. ; The authors also thank the CNPq Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil for the Doctoral fellowship 246514/2012–4 and FCT for the PostDoctoral fellowship SFRH/BPD/99124/2013. SCL thanks Operac¸ão NORTE-01–0145-FEDER-000011 for her investigator contract. This work received financial support from the European Union (FEDER funds) and National Funds [FCT/MEC, Fundac¸ão para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Ministério da Educac¸ão e Ciência] under the Partnership Agreement PT2020 UID/MULTI/04378/2013 – POCI/01/0145/FEDER/ 007728. This work was financed by FEDER – Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional funds through the COMPETE 2020 – Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Portugal 2020 [NORTE-01–0145-FEDER-000012], and by Portuguese funds through FCT – Fundac¸ão para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovac¸ão in the framework of the project "Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences" [POCI-01–0145-FEDER-007274].

The study presented in this article aims at understanding the relevance of mobility initiatives to the internationalization efforts of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). By building upon relevant literature, 17 propositions related to this contribution were identified. Empirical evidence from a concrete case of a European university was then used to evaluate those propositions. Data was collected from individual interviews to 19 outgoing faculty and from focus groups with 32 incoming students, resulting in the identification of the promises and pitfalls of mobility. The study concludes that HEIs must define clear strategies and carefully manage their mobility activities to maximize the potential benefits for internationalization. Based on this main implication, it presents a set of managerial recommendations that may be relevant for those involved in administering or promoting international mobility programmes at universities, governments or international organizations, and for researchers in higher education. ; published