Suchergebnisse

In the face of accelerated economic globalisation, many of the industries in economically less developed countries have become more technology-intensive. Skill formation processes, both inside and outside firms, are therefore changing. This study scrutinises such transformations by comparing - from the perspective of historical institutionalism - the skill formation regimes of the garment industries in Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. It sheds light on the differences between the trajectories of the in-firm skill formation regimes of the two countries, and reveals the important part that varying path

This article analyses the development and implementation of policies that aim at improving the 'recognition of prior learning' (RPL) in the vocational education and training (VET) systems of Sweden and Switzerland. It argues that the evolution of RPL policies and schemes needs to be analysed in relation to educational expansion, which creates pressure on educational policy makers to provide alternative forms of access to qualifications. It furthermore underlines that actors who have profited from the scarcity value of their educational qualifications are likely to oppose alternative forms of access that would devalue their qualifications through educational inflation. The article's argument thus contrasts with those that attribute the slow expansion of RPL to either a lack of political will or epistemological constraints. Linking the growing political economic literature on skill formation with an Archerian perspective on educational change, the article also shows that, despite the statist and collective skill formation systems having some trends in common, the design and implementation of RPL has evolved differently in each. ; +repphzhbib2021A

Der Artikel diskutiert jüngere Auseinandersetzungen um die Rolle privater Akteure in der Hochschulpolitik in Sri Lanka. Der Inselstaat ist der einzige in Südasien, der Privatuniversitäten weiterhin nicht zulässt. Vor dem Hintergrund eines historisch-institutionalistischen Theorierahmens werden die Gründe für diese Sonderstellung dargestellt. Im Anschluss an die Unabhängigkeit des Landes (1948) wurden egalitäre Bildungsinstitutionen von hoher öffentlicher Legitimität geschaffen, die bis heute eine solche Reform trotz der Entstehung eines globalen Hochschulmarktes und der wiederholten Expertenempfehlungen erschweren. Veränderungen der Sozialstruktur und die vermehrte Nachfrage nach privaten Bildungsangeboten werden jedoch wohl zur Zulassung von Privatuniversitäten beitragen. (DIPF/Orig.) ; The author discusses recent debates on the role of private operators in the field of higher secondary education in Sri Lanka. The island of Sri Lanka is the only country in South Asia which still does not yet tolerate private universities. Against the background of a historical-institutionalist theoretical framework, the reasons for this special status are outlined. After the country had become independent in 1948, egalitarian educational institutions of a high public legitimacy were created, which have impeded such a reform well into the present despite the development of a global market of higher secondary education and despite repeated experts´ recommendations. However, changes in the social structure and the increase in demand for private educational programs will probably lead to the approval of private universities. (DIPF/Orig.)

In the face of accelerated economic globalisation, many of the industries in economically less developed countries have become more technology-intensive. Skill formation processes, both inside and outside firms, are therefore changing. This study scrutinises such transformations by comparing, from the perspective of historical institutionalism, the skill formation regimes of the garment industries in Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. It sheds light on the differences between the trajectories of the in-firm skill formation regimes of the two countries, and reveals the important part that varying paths of educational development in both countries have played in shaping these trajectories. At the same time, the study shows how, in both countries, state-led skill formation regimes have been transformed not only by market forces and the growing importance of corporate business interests, but also by the social demand for educational credentials

Der vorliegende Artikel macht deutlich, dass der exogene Einfluss sehr einflussreicher Organisationen wie etwa der Weltbank durch endogene Faktoren wesentlich überformt werden kann. Zudem legt er dar, dass das Verhältnis dieser exogenen und endogenen Faktoren nur durch eine möglichst umfassende vergleichend-historische Prozessanalyse verstanden werden kann. Er konzentriert sich dabei auf den Kurswechsel, der von der Weltbank Mitte der 1980er Jahre hinsichtlich der Berufsbildung eingeleitet wurde, und stellt dar, wie dieser in Sri Lanka und Bangladesh die Reformierung berufspraktischer Fächer an allgemeinbildenden Schulen nach 1990 beeinflusst hat. (DIPF/Orig.) ; The present article shows clearly that the exogenous impact of highly influential organizations such as the World Bank is prone to be essentially superposed by endogenous factors. It is furthermore shown that the relation between these exogenous and endogenous factors can only be fully understood on the basis of a comprehensive comparative-historical process analysis. The author focuses on the change of direction initiated by the World Bank in the mid-1980s with regard to vocational education and shows how this change was dealt with Sri Lanka and Bangladesh after 1990. (DIPF/Orig.)

"Die deutsche Medienberichterstattung über den Nahost-Konflikt wurde verschiedentlich dahingehend kritisiert, einen anti-israelische Bias zu haben, der die alten, gebräuchlichen Vorurteile und Stereotype gegenüber Juden stärke und die Anschuldigung unterstütze, die Juden würden die Tragik des Holocaust missbrauchen um die israelische Palästina-Politik zu rechtfertigen: Insbesondere während des Gaza-Krieges sei Israel als Aggressor dargestellt, der palästinensische Terrorismus dagegen heruntergespielt worden. Bisher gibt es kaum systematische Forschung zu dieser Frage. Die vorliegende Studie soll diese Lücke zu füllen helfen, indem sie eine vergleichende Inhaltsanalyse der Berichterstattung über die 2. Intifada und den Gaza-Krieg in Die Welt, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Süddeutsche Zeitung, Frankfurter Rundschau und Tageszeitung vornimmt. Eine repräsentative Stichprobe von 396 Artikeln aus diesen Zeitungen, die das gesamte politische Spektrum von rechts nach links abdecken, wurde entlang der drei Dimensionen (1) Darstellung des Verhaltens der Konfliktparteien, (2) Bewertung ihrer Intentionen und Handlungen, und (3) Interpunktion des Konfliktes & Darstellung seiner Opfer analysiert. Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen, dass die Darstellung beider Konflikte weit differenzierter war als von ihren Kritikern angenommen. Auch während des Gaza-Krieges hat die deutsche Qualitätspresse ihr Bestes getan, sich nicht auf die Seite der Palästinenser zu schlagen. Falls sie tatsächlich zur Stärkung anti-israelischer oder sogar antisemitischer Einstellungen beigetragen hat, so war dies eher der Erzeugung von Reaktanz geschuldet als einem anti-israelischen Bias der Berichterstattung." (Autorenreferat)

This book takes a look at fully automated, autonomous vehicles and discusses many open questions: How can autonomous vehicles be integrated into the current transportation system with diverse users and human drivers? Where do automated vehicles fall under current legal frameworks? What risks are associated with automation and how will society respond to these risks? How will the marketplace react to automated vehicles and what changes may be necessary for companies?Experts from Germany and the United States define key societal, engineering, and mobility issues related to the automation of vehicles. They discuss the decisions programmers of automated vehicles must make to enable vehicles to perceive their environment, interact with other road users, and choose actions that may have ethical consequences. The authors further identify expectations and concerns that will form the basis for individual and societal acceptance of autonomous driving. While the safety benefits of such vehicles are tremendous, the authors demonstrate that these benefits will only be achieved if vehicles have an appropriate safety concept at the heart of their design. Realizing the potential of automated vehicles to reorganize traffic and transform mobility of people and goods requires similar care in the design of vehicles and networks. By covering all of these topics, the book aims to provide a current, comprehensive, and scientifically sound treatmentof the emerging field of "autonomous driving