Suchergebnisse

The rivalry between Saudi Arabia and the Islamic Republic of Iran is one of the most significant features of the contemporary Middle East. For many years, these two countries have fought for regional power and influence. This article analyzes this relationship of competition by first, describing the historical background of the relationship between the two countries. Secondly, the paper analyzes the geopolitical factors that shape the rivalry between Saudis and Iranians, and later, the main geographic confrontation scenarios, the rival religious narratives, as well as the economic and military capacities and vulnerabilities of both countries are analyzed. Finally, the article raises a hypothetical consideration of a military conflict between the two countries. The article demonstrates that -so far- the dispute over power and regional influence favors Iran's interests; however, given the nature of regional and extra-regional alliances, an escalation of the conflict to the military level would not favor the interests of Tehran. ; La rivalidad entre Arabia Saudí y la República Islámica de Irán conforma una de las características más significativas del panorama político de Medio Oriente. Durante muchos años, estos dos países han luchado por el poder y la influencia regional. Este artículo analiza esa relación de competencia. En primer lugar, se describen los antecedentes históricos de la relación entre los dos países. En segundo lugar, se consideran los factores geopolíticos que dan forma a la rivalidad entre saudíes e iraníes y, posteriormente, se analizan los principales escenarios geográficos de confrontación, las narrativas religiosas enfrentadas, así como las capacidades y la vulnerabilidad económica y militar de ambos países. Finalmente, el artículo plantea una consideración hipotética sobre un conflicto militar entre ambos países. El artículo demuestra que –hasta el momento– la disputa por el poder y la influencia regional favorece los intereses de Irán; sin embargo, dada la naturaleza de las alianzas regionales y extrarregionales, una escalada del conflicto al ámbito militar no favorecería los intereses de Teherán.

This article analyzes the dimensions of justice in the thought of two libertarian authors: Robert Nozick and Ayn Rand. It aims to demonstrate that extreme individualism, a negative conception of rights and a government strictly limited to security activities, are weak bases for a robust conception of justice in libertarianism. The libertarian conception of justice does not offer a solid standard of living for society, which enables individuals to treat each other as ends in themselves and not as mere instruments. ; Este artículo analiza las dimensiones de la justicia en el pensamiento de dos autores libertarios, Robert Nozick y Ayn Rand. Se pretende demostrar que un individualismo extremo, una concepción negativa de los derechos y un Estado limitado a labores de seguridad, constituyen bases endebles para una concepción robusta de la justicia en el libertarismo. La concepción libertaria de la justicia no ofrece una norma de convivencia sólida para la sociedad, que posibilite que los individuos se traten entre sí como fines en sí mismos y no como simples instrumentos.

Este ensayo analiza las diversas posiciones que existen dentro del islam contemporáneo con respecto a la relación entre religión y política. Pese a que una corriente ortodoxa mayoritaria subraya este vínculo como "inseparable"entre política y religión, una corriente minoritaria conformada por teólogos y académicos liberales afirma que dicha relación tiene un origen más histórico que teológico y señala la compatibilidad del islam con el secularismo.Este debate cobra especial relevancia en el marco de las revueltas árabes, que replantean una reconfiguración de los sistemas políticos de países como Marruecos, Túnez y Egipto, en los que el empoderamiento político de los movimientos islamistas implicará un papel mucho más fuerte de la religión en la vida política y social. ; This paper analyzes the various positions that exist within contemporary Islam on the relationship between religion and politics. Although a majority Orthodox stream emphasizes the inseparable relationship between politics and religion, a minority current formed by liberal theologians and scholars said that this relationship would be more historical than theological,and notes the compatibility of Islam with secularism. This debateis particularly relevant in the context of the Arab Revolts, which staked are configuration of the political systems of countries such as Morocco,Tunisia and Egypt, where the political empowerment of Islamist movement simply a much stronger role of religion in social and political life.

The Arab Revolts in the Middle East and North Africa represent major changes for the countries of the region, both politically and socio-cultural. The popular demands that have encouraged these protests are essentially political in character but the role of Islamist movements in countries like Egypt or Tunisia, where they will continue to exert significant influence in the political debates of the post–dictatorship, cannot be ignored.In this paper the author tries to explain the courses of action performed by the Islamists and the possible scenarios of political participation they face in the future. ; Las Revueltas Árabes en Medio Oriente y África del Norte plantean cambios verdaderamente trascendentales para los países de la región, tanto en lo político como en lo socio-cultural. Aunque las demandas populares que han animado estas protestas tienen un carácter básicamente político, no se puede obviar el papel que a partir de ahora asumirán los movimientos islamistas en países como Egipto o Túnez, donde siguen ejerciendo una influencia significativa en los debates políticos de la post-dictadura. En esta ponencia el autor se propone explicar los cursos de acción que han asumido los islamistas y los posibles escenarios de participación política que afrontarán en el futuro.

Chapter 1: Introduction; Beyond Ideology and Pragmatism; Notes; Bibliography; Chapter 2: How Latin America Met the Arab World: Toward a Political Economy of Arab-Latin American Relations; The Global North Discipline of IR and the Specter of South-South Relations; Immigration and Diaspora: The Making of a Political-Economic Elite; Foreign Policy and Commercial Relations; Toward a Political Economy of Arab-Latin American Relations; Notes; Bibliography Chapter 3: Brazil's Relations with Middle Eastern Countries: A Diplomacy in Search for Constancy (2003-2014)Persistent Motivations of Brazilian Diplomacy Toward the Middle East; The Worker's Party Palestinian Sensibility; Brazilian Global Aspirations Reloaded Through the Middle East; The Arab Diasporas Stimulus; The Gulf Attraction: Brazilian Economic Interests; Dilma's (In)-disposition and the Consequences for the Middle East; Leader Skepticism Enhanced by Presidential Regime; Dysfunctions in the Decision-Making Process, Uncertain Fate for the Middle East; Conclusion; Notes; Bibliography Chapter 4: Chilean Foreign Policy Toward Arab Countries: Between Trade Diplomacy and the Affirmation of PrinciplesIntroduction; Conquering New Markets; The Palestinian Diaspora and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict; A Decline in Enthusiasm?; Chile and the Arab Spring; An FTA with the GCC: A Deadlock; Conclusion; Notes; Bibliography; Chapter 5: Multipolarity Under Construction: New Paths and Difficult Balances in the Argentina-Middle East Relation During the Kirchner Governments; Introduction: A New International Integration Strategy Argentina, the Arab Middle East and the South American ContextArgentina Faces the Arab Uprisings; New Paths: Argentina and the GCC; The Great Juggler: Argentina and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict; Argentina and Iran: A Triangular Relationship; Conclusions; Notes; Bibliography; Chapter 6: Venezuela and the Middle East Under Hugo Chávez (1999-2013): Strategic Continuities and Ideological Preferences; Introduc