Critical legal studies sebuah aliran yang berkembang di Amerika Serikat dengan metodenya dekonstruksi hukum. Dalam memandang masalah hukum, critical legal studies hukum tidak dapat dipisahkan dari politik dan hukum tidaklah netral dan bebas nilai. Karenanya hukum di dalam pembuatan hingga pemberlakuannya selalu mengandung pemihakan-pemihakan terhadap kelompok-kelompok tertentu. Dalam pandangan Meuwissen ada lima dalil kefilsafatan hukum, yaitu filsafat hukum adalah filsafat, karena itu ia merenungkan semua masalah fundamental dan masalah marginal yang berkaitan dengan masalah hukum. Pada dasarnya filsafat itu mempunyai dua unsur. Unsur yang pertama, unsur internal yang meliputi struktur ilmu pengetahuan dan metodologi. Unsur yang kedua, adalah unsur eksternal yang meliputi ilmu dan nilai yang meliputi agama etika, dan ideologi. Oleh karena itu, lima dalil tantang filsafat hukum yang dikemukakan oleh Meuwissen, merupakan pengertian dan kerangka dasar dari filsafat yang dijadikan bahan kajian untuk kerangka berfikir menuju esensi dari filsafat hukum. Hukum yang berada di tengah-tengah masyarakat tidak lepas dari perenungan dan perumusan nilai-nilai yang bersifat mendasar dari hukum itu sendiri.
This study aims to reveal the paradigm of General Principles of Good Governance as a method of examination for Indonesian presidential impeachment based on the perspective of ethical control. This study employed the method of legal research. It was carried out to reveal principles and basis of (dogmatic or doctrinal) philosophy of positive law. In addition, the study is legal discovery in-concreto that is feasible to be applied to resolve a certain legal case. This study exposes that one of the legal reasons for the termination of the President of Indonesia is despicable deeds. It is determined as an act of President that degrade human characters. Hermeneutically, the meaning of "despicable deeds" may cover criminal acts and ethical actions. Therefore, the meaning of "despicable deeds" in this study is limited into acts of ethics infringement related to the General Principles of The Good Governance. The President can be terminated from the office when there is a violation to the General Principles of the Good Governance since the principles are the ethical principles of government. The principles contain honesty, accuracy, purity, balance, and legal certainty. These principles are the items that bring solution and reference for the House of Representatives (DPR) and the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) and the Constitutional Court. Theoretically, there is no norm, either of the 1945 Constitution or of other regulations, which limit the interpretation of "despicable acts" as a reflection of the acts of the President to be classified into ethical conducts. Therefore, the application of the General Principles of Good Governance as method of examination for the presidential impeachment is a new paradigm from the perspective of ethical control in Indonesia. Paradigma Penerapan Asas-Asas Umum Pemerintahan Yang Baik (AUPB) sebagai Batu Uji Pemberhentian Presiden Indonesia berdasarkan Perspektif Pengawasan EtikAbstrakTujuan penelitian ini untuk menemukan Paradigma Pemberhentian Presiden Indonesia dengan Batu Uji Asas-Asas Umum Pemerintahan Yang Baik dalam Perspektif Pengawasan Etik. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum (legal research), yaitu: suatu penelitian yang dikerjakan dengan tujuan untuk menemukan asas dan dasar falsafah (dogma atau doktrin) hukum positif, di samping itu penelitian berupa usaha penemuan hukum in concreto yang layak diterapkan untuk menyelesaikan suatu perkara hukum tertentu. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa salah satu alasan hukum pemberhentian Presiden Indonesia adalah perbuatan tercela sebagai refleksi perbuatan merendahkan martabat Presiden. Secara hermeneutik makna "perbuatan tercela" dapat dikualifisir masuk ke dalam perbuatan dari segi pidana dan perbuatan dari segi etika, oleh karena itu makna "perbuatan tercela" dalam penelitian ini dapat dikualifisir masuk ke dalam perbuatan melanggar etika, sehingga masuk ke dalam AUPB dan Presiden dapat diberhentikan dalam masa jabatannya. AUPB dimaksud adalah asas etis pemerintahan yang terkandung dalamnya adalah asas kejujuran, kecermatan, kemurnian, keseimbangan, dan kepastian hukum. Asas ini masuk ke dalam AUPB yang dapat dijadikan solusi kaidah penuntun dan rujukan bagi DPR-MPR dan Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia. Secara teoritis tidak ada batasan norma baik norma hukum yang tertuang di dalam UUD RI Tahun 1945 maupun norma hukum yang ada di luar UUD RI Tahun 1945 melarang interpretasi "perbuatan tercela" sebagai refleksi perbuatan merendahkan martabat Presiden masuk ke dalam perbuatan melanggar etika, sehingga penerapan Asas-Asas Umum Pemerintahan Yang Baik (AUPB) sebagai batu uji pemberhentian Presiden merupakan paradigma baru dalam perspektif pengawasan etik di Indonesia.Kata kunci: asas-asas umum pemerintahan yang baik, pemberhentian presiden, pengawasan etik.DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v7n2.a1
The existence of radicalism movement recently has made us worried about the nation and state life in the world order, since this movement is able to attract others from various elements of people and states that the teachings and ideology the movement offers are good. This movement at last will influence either the national or international stability because it is wellorganized. Therefore, it is necessary to reinforce the recognition and assurance of human rights especially the prosperity of the state that may make Indonesian people easy to be attracted by any offerings given by the groups of this radical movement. If in the past the movement of human rights was constructed by the thinkers due to arbitrarv rulers, at present human rights is moved and thought in order to strengthen the national integration. The alarming development of trans- national radicalism movements has given impacts on a national disintegration, therefore, the principle of recogmtion and assurance in the protection of human rights is lead to protect, save, and to assure the prosperity porn the state since few peoplejoining in a radical movement are not caused ofjihad but of economic reasons. If the state seriously give some recognition and assurance of human rights, the citizens feel to be protected. This in turns results in a sympathetic emphatic feelings to the government and the state, and therefore the national integration will still be kept intact and well-woven.
The involvement of the constitutional court of RI in examining and ruling on the case of presidential impeachment is textually not the authority but obligation that whether or not presidential impeachment happen during president's terms of office will be determined by the supporting political strength in the MPR session. The decision taken in the session should be based on the decision of Constitutional Court as the interpreter and the guardian of the constitution. This condition causes Constitutional Court decision becomes dillematic because it will be determined by the political strength in the session of the MPR. Besides,the fact that three of the nine judges are proposed by the President and three other are proposed by DPR is also dilemmatic.
Violence in household such as physical, psychological, sexualand economical violence is a form of criminal action happens inhousehold in which the doer and victim are from the samehousehold. The way of penal policy through the government insolution of violence in household is formed in norm codificationof positive law (positive wettelijk), by carrying out UU number 23of 2004 about abolition of violence in a household. Thisregulation is a form of government attention to human rights(HAM), and gender, non discrimination and the protection ofviolence victims in a household.
Violence in household such as physical, psychological, sexualand economical violence is a form of criminal action happens inhousehold in which the doer and victim are from the samehousehold. The way of penal policy through the government insolution of violence in household is formed in norm codificationof positive law (positive wettelijk), by carrying out UU number 23of 2004 about abolition of violence in a household. Thisregulation is a form of government attention to human rights(HAM), and gender, non discrimination and the protection ofviolence victims in a household.
Violence in household such as physical, psychological, sexualand economical violence is a form of criminal action happens inhousehold in which the doer and victim are from the samehousehold. The way of penal policy through the government insolution of violence in household is formed in norm codificationof positive law (positive wettelijk), by carrying out UU number 23of 2004 about abolition of violence in a household. Thisregulation is a form of government attention to human rights(HAM), and gender, non discrimination and the protection ofviolence victims in a household.
Introduction: "Anforce the law, or the world will be destroyed" is an appropriate expression for environmental law enforcement. Many treaties have regulated the environment, mainly deforestation, and many countries have ratified these treaties. However, implementing these regulations did not necessarily stop countries from deforesting.Purposes of the Research: Furthermore, in this research, steps that could be implemented to tackle deforestation internationally were given.Methods of the Research: This research was normative juridical research that examined an international law regulation, using qualitative analysis, and using secondary data.Results of the Research: Based on international data, many countries still carried out desertification, which amounts to thousands of hectares per year. One of the reasons for the weak implementation of treaties relating to environmental protection was the absence of coercive power from international conventions over the State's sovereign authority in forest management.Weak international environmental enforcement is caused by inadequate supervision and control as well as strong authority based on state sovereignty over forest management and utilization which depends on government policies, and the system of settlement and imposition of fines that still originate from a lawsuit
This paper a study political education to meet presidential elections and vice president of the republic of Indonesia of 2019 in fatsun democracy Pancasila and a deliberative.The results show that in fatsun democracy Pancasila and a deliberative, found the practical discursus, formation public opinion and political aspirations the community, and sovereignty the populace as procedural as the owner of and holder sovereignty highest dealt with in constitutional in Indonesia and can control government decisions that was formed through elections.Political education is a means of to understand rights and obligations and the responsibilities of a citizen in our nation and state, besides the responsibility of presidents and vice president of the republic of Indonesia was elected to carry power as the mandate. The responsibility of in education politics it is it is an obligation of a political party, KPU-Bawaslu, and all elements of the community with the aim of an increase in the understanding of the related the vision mission presidential candidates and a vice president been attained by Indonesia in discursus the public which had bought in accordance with idee and aim of the Indonesia state that is to date it has not yet been attained.
Philosophical validity showed of the Principles of Good Governance (AUPB) as A review to Presidential impeachment, is a principle of AUPB that contains ethical normative values used as the foundation of good governance, clean and respectable, moreover to complement the shortcomings and ambiguities in law. Technically, the application of AUPB by the judges of the Constitutional Court (MK-RI) can be approached through induction and deduction legal reasoning. The method of implementing AUPB by the judges of the Constitutional Court (MK-RI) is accomplished by deductive at first, meaning that the special rules is focused more to the certain field of law, then these are deducted based on its basic rules and deducted again into the rules of substantive, and deducted again into the rules of cases. After that, it starts to applicate the rules of case based on the concrete case by the judge, because of the nature of the judges of the Constitutional Court (MK-RI) is kholifah fil'ardi as the representative of God on earth to uphold the law and justice. While theoretically AUPB is valid, the judge ius curia Novit as a verdict maker to perform legal discovery (rechtsvinding). Empirically AUPB is valid, it can be seen from the cases of impeachment against the President of the United States William Jefferson Clinton, on suspicion of "abominably act" (misdemeanors). Additionally, AUPB empirically has been tested through jurisprudence since Amtenarenwet 1929 officially applied on March 1, 1933. Centrale Raad van Beroep, in his verdict on June 22, 1933, and the jurisprudence verdict of Hoge Raad on November 13, 1936, and the jurisprudence verdict of Hoge Raad 1919. While the normative validity is based on the leading legal doctrine, that AUPB is positioned as the unwritten laws that must be obeyed by the government, and AUPB considered as a part of positive law. Moreover, in Indonesia AUPB incarnates in various legislations even though his name is remained as principal.
