Suchergebnisse

Zusammenfassung. In diesem Beitrag werden einführend die Konstrukte subjektives Wohlbefinden und gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität näher beleuchtet. Des Weiteren wird ein Überblick über Korrelate des Wohlbefindens gegeben. Unter Berücksichtigung der Entwicklungsdynamik sowie von Alters- und Geschlechtsunterschieden wird die Bedeutung sozialer Beziehungen für Wohlbefinden bzw. Wohlbefindensbeeinträchtigungen aufgezeigt. Thematisiert werden zudem Zusammenhänge zwischen dem sich entwickelnden Körperkonzept und dem Wohlbefinden. Auffällig ist die gesteigerte Unzufriedenheit mit Gewicht und Figur, die sich bei weiblichen Heranwachsenden zeigt. Auch im Zusammenhang mit Risikoverhaltensweisen wie Alkohol- und Nikotinkonsum, die gehäuft im Jugendalter in Erscheinung treten, werden Konsequenzen für das Wohlbefinden aufgezeigt. Abschließend werden entwicklungsbezogene Prinzipien vorgestellt, welche bezüglich der Erarbeitung von Präventions- und Gesundheitsförderungsmaßnahmen in Kindheit und Jugend Berücksichtigung finden sollten.

Staatliche Eingriffe in den Lebensmittelkonsum der Deutschen sind im europäischen Vergleich eher selten. Politiker(innen) empfinden wohl Lenkungssteuern- oder Werbeverbote als unpopulär. Konkrete Maßnahmen zum Klimaschutz, etwa eine Klimasteuer auf importierte Flugwaren, stoßen jedoch auf breite Zustimmung und könnten durchaus zu Klimazielen beitragen. In view of climate change, policy approaches addressing the consumption side of nutrition are becoming increasingly relevant to lowering greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Yet, adequate policy instruments can be risky. They interfere with individual freedom of choice and can thus be unpopular. This study investigates the social acceptance of governmental interventions. The study explores four types of climate policy instruments of increasing depth of intervention: 1. information and education, 2. nudging, 3. taxation, 4. bans. Information and nudging are met with the largest degree of approval. Assuming that acceptance will decrease with the depth of intervention, the equally critical perception of taxation and bans is an exception. Apart from the depth of intervention, social acceptance also depends on the field of action. For instance, taxation of airfreight products would be widely accepted. The conclusion explores nutrition policy options motivated by climate policy considerations. ; peerReviewed

Despite the different levels of maturity of organic markets among the member states of the European Union (EU), the European organic food market is continuously growing. In the EU this production method is regulated according to the Council Regulation (EC) 834/2007 (EC 834/07). All products produced accordingly are labelled with the common European organic label. The future success of organic agriculture as one sustainable solution of food production is to a large extent dependent on its market success, thus the positioning of organic food is a crucial topic for food policy and marketing. This paper analyses the data of an online survey done in 2011 with a total of 1,180 consumers from four European countries (Germany, United Kingdom, Spain, and Czech Republic,) representing different stages of the current organic market development across Europe. This paper focusses on which criteria consumers attach to organic food products and what attributes they expect of them. The risk that consumers might expect too much of organic food produced under EC 834/07 is identified. To overcome the observed expectation gap, some political as well as practical implications are proposed.

When developing strategies or policies to increase resilience, private and public decision makers need to anticipate to future shocks and stresses affecting the systems they manage. However, they face the difficulty that the future is not fully known. Uncertainty exists with respect to key factors affecting the actions of interest. Scenarios are a useful tool to cope with such future uncertainties and can be used both as a way to explore—not predict—the future through the identification of potential opportunities and threats and as a way to make action more future-proof. The objective of this deliverable is to develop medium- to long-term explorative scenarios describing possible futures for the external environment that EU farming systems face. The external environment will include environmental issues, economic issues and social issues. Consumer trends are typically not or insufficiently included in farming systems related scenarios and will therefore get particular attention. The purpose is to produce scenarios that encompass a wide range of issues characterised in both a quantitative and a qualitative way that can be used to guide further work in SURE-Farm. ; EU; en; contact: erik.mathijs@kuleuven.be

Farming systems in Europe face a vast range of environmental, economic, social and institutional challenges. Examples include more volatile producer and input prices, higher probability of extreme weather events, increasing dependence on land owners and financial institutions, organizational change within value chains, competing policy objectives and increasing administrative demands, and new societal concerns and changing consumer preferences. In this paper we define resilience as maintaining the essential functions of EU farming systems in the face of increasingly complex and volatile economic, social, environmental and institutional challenges. A farming system is a system hierarchy level above the farm at which properties emerge as a result of the formal and informal interactions and interrelations among farms, available technologies, stakeholders along the value chain, citizens in rural and urban areas, consumers, policy makers, and the environment. Existing resilience frameworks do not sufficiently capture the regional interplay of the multiple processes and stakeholders apparent in farming systems. In order to capture the described developments in EU agriculture, and in order to proactively address those challenges, we propose a framework to analyse the resilience of EU farming systems. The integrated framework can be applied by public and private decision makers to formulate differentiated strategies across EU farming systems depending on context-specific challenges and available resources. ; EU; en; Contact: miranda.meuwissen@wur.nl