The problem of investigation the political forms of life requires the meaningful analysis of the three components: the substantial foundations – an object, political activity, and the mostdifficult to be explained and understood – a symbolic component. The basic methodological directions of the definitions of functions, standards, and the content policies belt symbolizing modern methodological concepts are examined. Keywords: politics, political activity, symbol, political symbol, symbols of the political reality. ; Розглянуто політичні форми буття, що потребують змістовного аналізу трьох складових: субстанціальної основи – об'єкта, політичної діяльності й найскладнішої для пояснення та розуміння підстави – символічної складової. Опрацьовано основні методологічні напрями визначення функцій, норм і змісту символізації політики черес сучасні методологічні концепти. Ключові слова: політика, політична діяльність, символ, політичний символ, символізація політичної дійсності.
This paper examines the institutional features of the political processes in the context of transitivity of Ukrainian society. Proposed are application steps of qualitative changes in the institutional system of political power in Ukraine. Key words: transformation, political transitivity, institutional political system, political institutions, state institutions, institutions of political participation, the paradigm of self-organization of political institutions. ; Досліджено особливості інституційних процесів у контексті політичної транзитивності українського суспільства. Запропоновані прикладні кроки щодо якісних змін інституційної системи політичної влади в Україні. Ключові слова: трансформація, політична транзитивність, політична інституційна система, політичний інститут, інститути державної влади, інститути політичної участі, парадигма самоорганізації політичних інститутів.
Examined еhe formation process of moral and ethical principles and their impact on social activities of political agents, еhe boundaries of the correlation policies and ethical standards. The changes in the influence of ethics and public morality in the political sphere within postmodern society. Key words: postmodern society, ethics, morals, neutralism, perfectionism, theory of justice, discursive theory. ; Досліджено процес формування морально-етичних принципів та їхній вплив на соціальні дії політичних агентів. Визначено межі кореляції політики і морально-етичних норм. Проаналізовано зміни впливу етики й суспільної моралі на політичну сферу в межах постмодерного суспільства. Ключові слова: постмодерне суспільство, етика, мораль, нейтралізм, перфекціонізм, теорія справедливості, дискурсивна теорія.
In the article investigated the basic problems of the essence of responsibility in local government. The distinction between municipal and constitutional and legal responsibilities as fundamentally different but complementary forms of responsibility of local governments was held. Analyzed the specificity of municipal responsibilities, including the responsibility of representative bodies. Keywords: representative body of local government, municipal responsibility, constitutional and legal responsibility. ; У статті досліджено основні проблеми суті відповідальності у місцевому самоврядуванні. Проведено розрізнення між муніципальною та конституційно-правовою відповідальністю як принципово відмінними але взаємодоповнюючими формами відповідальності органів місцевого самоврядування. Проаналізовано специфіку муніципальної відповідальності, зокрема відповідальність представницьких органів. Ключові слова: представницький орган місцевого самоврядування, муніципальна відповідальність, конституційно-правова відповідальність.
This article is devoted to such a scientific and social phenomenon of the Soviet era as factory sociology. The history of the formation and decay of this extremely interesting applied discipline is traced using the example of Biysk city, one of the leading centers of the Soviet defense industry in the 1960's – 1980's. The article is based on the personal memories of Sergey Orlov and Lyudmila Mrachkovskaya, who in the 1970's and 1980's worked as factory sociologists at such large enterprises as the Research and Production Association "Altai", the Biysk Chemical Combine, and the Biysk Oleum Plant. Publications of the corporate newspaper of the Biysk Oleum Plant "Za progress" ("For Progress") have been introduced into scientific circulation as a new source of information about the work of factory sociologists, and this helps in understanding problems that were of concern for the management of Soviet enterprises. In conclusion, several hypotheses are put forward to indicate the horizon for further research on the topic of factory sociology.
The coastal regions of Russia, which ensure the country's major export/import transactions, have potential for developing special forms of spatial organisation of regional transport system - transport clusters. This form of spatial organisation is better adapted (in comparison to a transport complex) to the ever-changing conditions of a competitive market. It suggests that all business entities of the territory interact thus increasing the competitiveness of transport cluster as a whole. The Kaliningrad region is one of the territories where the formation of an efficient international transport cluster is possible. This article offers a definition of a transport cluster and describes its internal organisation as well as the features of formation thereof in the Kaliningrad region. The practical significance of the article lies in justifying the production of practical recommendations for developing the region's transport potential based on the cluster theory. One of the major results of the study that is presented in this article is the justification of the need for modernising the information and organisational elements of the regional transport complex alongside modernising the transport system infrastructure.
The concept of sustainable development of domestic entrepreneurship has a growing influence on the adjustment and change of adaptive business models. Today, ESG principles are the basis for ensuring the sustainable functioning of business structures, which occurs under the influence of setting and achieving the goals of companies' involvement in solving environmental, social and managerial problems. In the emerging context, we note the emergence and permanent strengthening of vector, regulatory and reputational effects on the activities and development of business structures. The subject of the research results presented in the article is the assessment of the impact on the adaptation of entrepreneurial structures of the implemented ESG approach as one of the key challenges in the activities of modern business. The methodological basis of the study is a consistent analysis of the impact of changing approaches on key aspects of small and medium-sized businesses, identifying qualitative and quantitative characteristics, assessing possible risks and benefits associated with the introduction of sustainable development principles by business entities. The result of the study is an assessment of the impact of the ESG approach on the adaptation of entrepreneurship to modern challenges, as well as on the financial performance of enterprises. As applied to small and medium-sized businesses, practical recommendations on adaptation risk management are proposed, which demonstrate the importance for the absolute majority of the company's activities. It is obvious that sustainable development makes it possible to improve modern models of adaptation of small and medium-sized businesses for the survival of people whose money is the goal of the economic agents of the system. If consumers do not buy the goods or services offered by the company, it means that the company cannot generate profit and, therefore, it is not viable.. Therefore, it is quite logical not only to build adaptive models for small and medium-sized businesses, but, equally important, to use new consumer motivation and a changing environment, social relations and corporate practices in the interests of business development. When a company's ESG activities are considered not so much as a way to neutralize risk, but also as a method of assessing and determining future opportunities, ESG becomes an area of increased attention and importance for institutional investors and creditors. The conclusions and recommendations made in the article may be significant for companies in various sectors of the economy if they are interested in improving the stability of their own financial situation and increasing the interest of investors in them.
There are many approaches to assessing the level of adaptation of the population to modern challenges, but all of them are not perfect: they consider only certain aspects and factors of the problem. The aim of this article is to substantiate the tools for assessing the effectiveness of adaptation mechanisms of the border area of the public administration sector from the standpoint of a statistical approach. The authors attempt to determine the result of the adaptation of the population on the basis of criteria of the reproductive (adaptive) potential of the territory. They have developed criteria for evaluation from the position of: creating conditions for the accelerated adaptation of the population, the nature of the impact of the transformation process on the population, the effectiveness of adaptation mechanisms, people's response to modern challenges, stresses and risks. The study uses the theory and methodology of official statistics, including the following methods: comparison, index, balance, grouping, and multivariate analysis. The tools for assessing the effectiveness of the mechanisms of the adaptation of the population are substantiated, the main factors influencing the speed of people's habituation to changing living conditions are identified. The dynamics of the most important indicators characterizing the living conditions of the population and the reproductive potential of the territory according to 14 key quantitative and qualitative indicators for the period 2013–2020 is analyzed. During the period under review, the following should be attributed to positive results: the pandemic and sanctions do not have a significant impact on the lives of people and the activities of enterprises. The negative consequences include: a reduction in the birth rate and an increase in mortality; an increase in financial inequality; a decrease in the purchasing power of the population, etc. The authors onclude that the use of a statistical approach makes it possible to increase the reliability of information for an objective assessment of the degree of adaptation of the population of the border area to modern challenges based on the analysis of the level of the effectiveness of adaptation mechanisms and their impact on reproductive potential. Constant monitoring will show in the future the positive and negative factors affecting the living conditions of people and the speed of adaptation of the population of the country's regions.
