Suchergebnisse

RESUMO Muitos estudos examinaram os efeitos das crises econômicas e políticas de austeridade em países de renda alta. Contudo, são muito recentes e esparsos os estudos sobre os efeitos sobre países de renda média e baixa. Neste ensaio, revisitam-se os estudos recentes, procurando destacar o que pode ter incidência mais imediata sobre a saúde pública, com especial interesse sobre os grupos de maior vulnerabilidade. Optou-se por tratar de forma conjunta os efeitos da crise econômica e da política de austeridade percorrida até o presente momento no Brasil por entender que os déficit de investimento em políticas sociais e suas implicações sobre a cobertura e sobre qualidade dos serviços ofertados estão associados aos dois fenômenos. As publicações recentes indicam a piora de indicadores básicos de saúde nacionais, sugerindo que a redução de investimentos em saúde já se faz sentir nas políticas de promoção, prevenção e atenção. O debate econômico atual apresenta erroneamente as medidas de austeridade como único caminho para um regime de responsabilidade fiscal. O País precisa rever sua rota de desenvolvimento não apenas para enfrentar os efeitos da crise econômica em curso, mas também para recuperar sua trajetória de inclusão social e econômica e de melhora da saúde de sua população.

Abstract This article presents the methodology and findings of a study that proposed a set of local indicators for monitoring progress on the United Nations Sustainable Development Agenda 2030 in caiçara and quilombola communities in the territory of Bocaina in the municipalities of Paraty (Rio de Janeiro) and Ubatuba (São Paulo). The objective was to adapt a global and Brazilian national agenda to the territory level and to construct specific indicators to reflect that "localisation". To begin with, 40 goals of Agenda 2030 were selected and adapted to conditions in the territory. Then a qualitative study of quilombolas and caiçaras identified local problems in achieving sustainable development and the alternative solutions developed to address those problems. On the basis of that study and secondary data from socioeconomic, environmental and public service information on those populations, 87 local indicators were constructed for the purpose of monitoring progress towards Agenda 2030 targets and goals in the territory.

Resumo O artigo apresenta a metodologia e os resultados de um estudo que propõe um conjunto de indicadores locais para acompanhar a evolução da Agenda 2030 do Desenvolvimento Sustentável da Organização das Nações Unidas em comunidades caiçaras e quilombolas no território da Bocaina, nos municípios de Paraty (Rio de Janeiro) e Ubatuba (S.Paulo). O objetivo foi adaptar uma agenda global/nacional ao nível do território e construir indicadores específicos capazes de apreender sua "localização". Inicialmente foram selecionadas 40 metas da Agenda 2030 adaptadas às condições do território; em seguida, uma pesquisa qualitativa com quilombolas e caiçaras identificou problemas locais para alcançar o desenvolvimento sustentável e alternativas desenvolvidas para enfrentá-los. Com base nessa pesquisa e em dados secundários com informações socioeconômicas, ambientais e sobre oferta de serviços públicos para essas populações, foram construídos 87 indicadores locais com o objetivo de acompanhar as metas e objetivos da Agenda 2030 no território.

ABSTRACT The article aims to discuss the challenges and consequences of health inequalities and vulnerabilities, focusing on current phenomena that have reshaped such context, namely financial crisis, fiscal austerity, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Differences between levels of access to wealth and opportunities among and within countries belonging to different income groups create and perpetuate social inequalities that frequently become health inequities. It is challenging to understand both the recent changes and the persistence of inequalities and social stratification, and the issue has thus taken on new dimensions that extrapolate studies focused exclusively on income distribution. The financial crisis, fiscal austerity, and the COVID-19 pandemic have aggravated preexisting health inequalities. Thus, the issue of inequalities in health should be an intrinsic part of public policy, with clear and stable standards and objectives based on explicit political agreements and a legal framework with sustainability ensured by an adequate financing policy. Only then will it be possible to achieve greater levels of equity, even in the face of dramatic situations such the one now faced by the world.

This article studied the judicialization processes related to the pandemic of the new coronavirus, within the scope of Administrative Law. The cases that reached the Brazilian Federal Supreme Court (FSC), available at the "Painel de Ações COVID-19", were analyzed, as well as a sample of the cases that reached the state courts, obtained through journalistic reports, consolidated on the "Consultor Jurídico" website. Descriptive analysis and content analysis techniques were used, in the thematic mode, for both sources of information. The following variables were analyzed: procedural classes groups, procedural classes, main subject, notification date, time until the first decision, decisions, decisions groups, and total of cases archived remotely. Near 34% of the actions referred to the flexibilization or tightening of people circulation restrictive measures and the opening of commerce and services, and another 34% referred to budgeting issues, mainly dealing with the suspension of state debts and untying resources to combat the pandemic. The median time until the first decision made by the FSC was less than five days for all categories. The judicialization of COVID-19 pointed out already known flaws in public health and social policies in Brazil, and it can boost several attitudes, both by the Legislative and the Executive, to mitigate these problems. This article demonstrates the importance of observing the responses brought by the judicialization, and of the dialogue between the three powers, to deal with the demands of the pandemic better and with several other demands of society.

Policy analysis in Brazil is part of the International Library of Policy Analysis and is the first book to paint a comprehensive panorama of policy analysis activities in Brazil. Highlighting the unique features of the Brazilian example, it brings together 18 studies by leading Brazilian social scientists on policy analysis as a widespread activity pursued in a variety of policy fields and through different methods by governmental and non-governmental institutions and actors. It shows how policy analysis emerged as part of Brazilian state-building from the 1930s onwards. With the democratisation process of the late 1980s, policy analysis began to include innovative elements of social participation in public management. This unique book offers key insights into the practice of this field and is indispensable reading for scholars, policy makers and students of the social sciences interested in learning how policy analysis developed and functions in Brazil