Suchergebnisse

Embassy, Canada's Foreign Policy Newspaper ; When it comes to the Arctic, co-operation between the European Union and Canada dates back to the 1990s, when the two entities developed Northern policies. Over the years, these relations evolved in parallel, and at times interconnected ways--and it was only in the late 2000s that they became hindered by the seal hunt.Considering the recent evolutions on Arctic issues, there are reasons to believe that EU-Canada relations can go on developing to improve collaboration on common interests such as the key issue of the promotion of sustainable development in the Arctic.

À partir des années 1970, les populations inuit acquièrent dans plusieurs états arctiques une représentation politique et les études sur leur implication croissante dans la gouvernance arctique se sont récemment multipliées (Young, Keskitalo, Nuttall, Chaturvedi.). Les études portent sur le rôle des organisations non gouvernementales dans le développement de structures politiques nationales et internationales. Tennberg (2009) analyse la portée internationale du mouvement politique autochtone Le Conseil Circumpolaire Inuit devient l'objet d'une attention croissante (Shadian, 2006). Loukacheva compare les systèmes juridiques du Groenland et du Nunavut (2009). Alors que des changements majeurs, résultant du changement climatique, affectent l'environnement arctique et génèrent tout à la fois des inquiétudes quant à la détérioration de l'environnement et des perspectives économiques de l'exploitation des ressources, qu'en est-il de la représentation politique inuit au regard des grandes orientations de la politique arctique ? Cet article se concentre sur l'articulation des revendications territoriales, politiques et environnementales dans trois états arctiques (Alaska, Canada, Groenland) selon une perspective historique. Il s'appuie principalement sur l'analyse de quatre accords : l'Alaska Native Settlement Act (1971), le James Bay and Northern Agreement (Québec, 1975), le Home Rule (Groenland, 1979) et son élargissement en juin 2009; ainsi que le Nunavut Land Claims Agreement (1999). D'autres accords importants sont signés au Canada, comme l'Inuvialuit Final Agreement (1984) et le Labrador Inuit Land Claims Agreement (2005), dont la prise en compte dépasse le cadre de cette étude. Le cas de la Russie où vivent 1500 Yupiks n'est abordé que de façon marginale dans cet article dans la mesure où aucun accord territorial n'est survenu entre la Fédération de Russie, la Chukotka Autonomus Region et des représentants Yupiks. Croisant les dimensions internationale, nationale et locale selon une perspective comparative, cette étude repose sur une analyse de données issues de la littérature scientifique, de documents d'organisations inuit, de discours d'hommes politiques, de communications lors de conférences scientifiques et de documents d'archives.

International audience ; The Arctic is a globally embedded space. This is as true for the impact of global climate change on the Arctic and the consequences of Arctic climate change for the rest of the world as it is for governance for and in the Arctic. This chapter analyzes the dynamics that structure and result from the coexistence of global and regional governance mechanisms in four issue areas: the governance of marine and maritime spaces, Indigenous Peoples, climate governance, and environmental protection and conservation. It assesses how global conventions impacted regional governance and, in turn, how regional cooperation influenced governance on the global level. In order to do this, we distinguish four ways in which the nexus between global governance and regional cooperation can be established: as harmonious, cooperative, conflictive, and indifferent. For each way, an outside-in (from the global to the regional level) and an inside-out (from the regional to the global level) perspective can be considered. This yields a typology of eight different kinds of links between regional cooperation and global conventions. Much of the previous research has focused on harmonious and cooperative links. By contrast, we intend to show that as global interest in the Arctic grows, along with the need for regulatory governance in the region, the nexus might increasingly become conflictive. In order to retain control over the region and its governance, Arctic states' cooperation seeks to limit both their own global commitments and the influence of exogenous actors or institutions.

International audience ; The Arctic is a globally embedded space. This is as true for the impact of global climate change on the Arctic and the consequences of Arctic climate change for the rest of the world as it is for governance for and in the Arctic. This chapter analyzes the dynamics that structure and result from the coexistence of global and regional governance mechanisms in four issue areas: the governance of marine and maritime spaces, Indigenous Peoples, climate governance, and environmental protection and conservation. It assesses how global conventions impacted regional governance and, in turn, how regional cooperation influenced governance on the global level. In order to do this, we distinguish four ways in which the nexus between global governance and regional cooperation can be established: as harmonious, cooperative, conflictive, and indifferent. For each way, an outside-in (from the global to the regional level) and an inside-out (from the regional to the global level) perspective can be considered. This yields a typology of eight different kinds of links between regional cooperation and global conventions. Much of the previous research has focused on harmonious and cooperative links. By contrast, we intend to show that as global interest in the Arctic grows, along with the need for regulatory governance in the region, the nexus might increasingly become conflictive. In order to retain control over the region and its governance, Arctic states' cooperation seeks to limit both their own global commitments and the influence of exogenous actors or institutions.

"Global energy problems will remain a challenge in the coming decades. The impact of climate change and the melting of polar sea ice opening up access to offshore hydrocarbon resources in the Arctic Ocean, raises questions for both civil society and the scientific community over drilling opportunities in Arctic marine areas. Disparities in approach to the governance of oil and gas extraction in the Arctic arise from fundamental differences in histories, cultures, domestic constraints and substantive values and attitudes in the Arctic coastal states and sub-states. Differing political systems, legal traditions and societal beliefs with regard to energy security and economic development, environmental protection, legitimacy of decision making, and the ownership and respect of the rights of indigenous people, all affect how governance systems of oil and gas extraction are designed. Using a multidisciplinary approach and case studies from the USA, Norway, Russia, Canada, Greenland/Denmark and the EU, this book both examines the current governance of extraction and its effects and considers ways to enhance the efficiency of environmental management and public participation in this system."--Provided by publisher.

Introduction / Lauren Neumann and Katerina Mitkidis -- Five theses on the dialectic of unity and plurality in postnational law / Kaarlo Tuori -- The politics of transnational law / Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen and Tanja Aalberts -- Transnationalism in the Arctic ocean : legitimacy strategies of the Inuit Circumpolar Council, the European Union and China / Cécile Pelaudeix -- Transnational ecosystem-based norms covering the Danish/Greenlandic Arctic marine area / Ellen Margrethe Basse -- Brexit : a note on the EU's interlegality / Reza Banakar -- Beyond nations and continents? : harmony and solidarity as common endeavours in a digital era of populism, propaganda and fiction? / Hanne Petersen -- Development of transnational contract law? / Katerina Mitkidis -- Towards the participation of a global public in transnational law-making? : everyday ICT platforms as legitimacy opportunities for bottom-up governance / Karin Buhmann and Sameer Azizi -- Pushing back international human rights law : counter reaction to transnational law? / Jens Vedsted-Hansen -- Balancing legal obligations in Europe' cooperation with Libya in the fight against migrant smuggling / Fenella M.W. Billing and Nikolas Feith Tan -- Enforcing transnational labour law in local contexts / Louise Munkholm -- The principle of equality as a transnational principle / Natalie Videbæk Munkholm and Christian Højer Schjøler -- How domestic courts may shape international commercial law norms / Thomas Neumann -- Transnational religious law : exemplified by the United Methodist church / Lisbet Christoffersen -- Is formality legitimacy? : defining the obligations of non-state armed groups / Lauren Neumann -- Transnationalisation and legal actors : legitimacy in question / Louise Munkholm, Cécile Pelaudeix and Bettina Lemann Kristiansen.