Suchergebnisse

The focus of the paper is on domestic violence against immigrant women during the transit and stay in Serbia, on their way from MENA countries(1) to the European Union. The objective is to present and analyze the phenomenon. It is contextualized within a theoretical framework of intersections between domestic violence, migration and the crisis and consideration of migration from MENA countries flowing through Serbia, as a part of the Western Balkan's Route, with an emphasis on immigrant women. This is followed by the scrutinisation of domestic violence against immigrant women in Serbia - its occurrence and reporting, along with the author's reflections thereof. Main conclusions point to the importance of preventive and empowering strategies directed towards immigrant women. Challenges to that are numerous: some stem from under-performance of services aimed at prevention and empowerment of women who are victims of domestic violence in Serbia in general, and some are related to the factors specific for the situation of immigrant women.

Palliative care belongs to those key contemporary concepts coming out from the framework of health care policy and touching other public policies. Its development is of a relatively new date, In Serbia it is affirmed by the adoption of the strategic directions of its development in 2009. From then on, it has largely evolved in the national context. However, this is not to say that there should be no further steps to be taken with a view to removing obstacles regarding the coverage of the population, the investment of larger resources, and multi-sectoral cooperation between stakeholders. The paper presents basic concepts and basic recommendations for the organization and development of palliative care. The considerations that follow are of importance for the development of the concept in Serbia, as well as the assessment of its compliance with the relevant international and regional framework. ; Palijativno zbrinjavanje predstavlja jedan od ključnih savremenih koncepata, koji izlaze iz okvira zdravstvene politike i koji su povezani sa drugim javnim politikama. Njegov razvoj je relativno novog datuma, dok je u Srbiji afirmisan usvajanjem strateških pravaca razvoja 2009. godine. Od tada do danas, on je umnogome evoluirao u nacionalnom kontekstu. To ne znači da nije potrebno i dalje uklanjati prepreke koje se nalaze na putu povećanja obuhvata populacije, ulaganja većih resursa, kao i multi-sektorske saradnje između aktera. U radu su predstavljeni osnovni pojmovi i osnovne preporuke za organizaciju i razvoj palijativnog zbrinjavanja. Slede razmatranja od značaja za razvoj koncepta u Srbiji, kao i procena njegove usklađenosti sa relevantnim međunarodnim i regionalnim okvirom.

Предмет рада је утицај миграција из држава западне Азије и северне Африке на Србију, у контексту њене позиције и односа са суседним државама са којима сачињава За- падно-балканску руту, као и са Европском унијом. Циљ рада је сагледавање и анализа утицаја Европске уније на преобликовање поступака и мера спровођених у области управљања миграцијама током трајања мигрантске "кри- зе". Полазећи од теоријског приступа о различитим меха- низмима ширења утицаја ЕУ на државе кандидате, а на основу квалитативне анализе садржаја, основни налази рада упућују на то да кандидатура Србије за чланство у Унији представља важан подстицај за развој националних политика и пракси према мигрантима. Уводни део про- праћен је теоријским разматрањима о дифузији политика и вредности Европске уније. Следе опис и анализа односа Србије са осталим државама Западно-балканске руте и са Европском унијом. ; The paper is focused on migration trends from the MENA region and their impact on Serbia, from the point of view of Serbia's positions and relations with the neighbouring countries along the Western Balkan route, and also with the European Union. Serbia's aspirations towards joining the EU have arguably presented the most important impetus for the development of national policies and practices towards migrants during the migration "crisis". The paper deploys the theoretical framework developed by Tanja A. Börzel and Thomas Risse on mechanisms of diffusion in "usage" by the European Union. The suggested mechanisms of diffusion can be divided in the following way: coercion, manipulation of utility calculations, socialization, persuasion and emulation. The author of the paper scrutinizes each of the mentioned in order to describe and analyze the extent of the transformative power of the European Union regarding Serbia's policies and practices during the migration "crisis". The chapter on theoretical background is followed by chapter on relations between Serbia and neighbouring countries (first of all FYROM, Croatia and Hungary). Not all of them ...

Activities of public and civil sectors in the provision of social security, as well as their relations, have been subjected to numerous assessments and changes, both in the global and national contexts. Efforts to overcome the shortages of each of the sectors and to improve their strengths have been increasingly present, via their networking into different partnership and/or contracting relations. A summary of the development of relations between the public and civil sectors in Serbia points to extremely different phases in the development of each of the sectors, with significant consequences for their mutual relations. The existing legal framework recognizes the need for the cooperation between the sectors in the provision of social security, but does not encourage it sufficiently. Despite its under-representation, the civil sector has been developing, both autonomously, and in cooperation with the public sector, with significant repercussions for the supply of social services and provision of social security. An evaluation of the development of social services in the future will be surely based, among other things, on the boundaries delineated by the legislators between the different service providers, but also on the capability to implement new solutions and relations. ; Aktivnosti javnog i civilnog sektora u obezbeđivanju socijalne sigur- nosti, kao i njihovi odnosi, podvrgnuti su brojnim procenama i promenama, kako u glo- balnom, tako i u nacionalnom kontekstu. Sve su prisutniji pokušaji prevazilaženja nedostataka pojedinačnih sektora i jačanja snaga, posredstvom njihovog povezivanja u različite vrste partnerstava i/ili sklapanje ugovornih odnosa. Kratak pregled razvoja odnosa između javnog i civilnog sektora u Srbiji ukazuje na izuzetno različite faze u njihovom pojedinačnom razvoju, sa značajnim reperkusijama na njihove odnose. Postojeći zakonodavni okvir uvažava potrebu za saradnjom aktera u obezbeđivanju socijalne sigurnosti, ali je nedovoljno podstiče. Iako i dalje nedovoljno zastupljen, civilni sektor ...

Contours of the European Union's social dimensions have been outlined within different national social contexts. The basics of Nordic, Anglo-Saxon, Mediterranean, Continental and Eastern European regimes have different presumptions, but objectives seem rather compatible. Poverty and social exclusion reduction is one of the social objectives of the European welfare states with a strong base on the Union level through the Social Open Method of Coordination (OMC). Assessments of the OMC impact over national social inclusion policies point to numerous improvements but also to short-ages that need to be overcome. ; Konture socijalne dimenzije Evropske unije iscrtavaju se unutar različitih nacionalnih socijalnih praksi. Nordijski, anglosaksonski, mediteranski, kontinentalni i istočnoevropski režimi koncipirani su na različitim pretpostavkama, ali njihovi ciljevi su u velikoj meri međusobno komplementarni. Borba protiv siromaštva i socijalne isključenosti predstavlja jedan od socijalnih ciljeva evropskih država blagostanja, koji ima važno uporište na komunitarnom nivou, posredstvom (socijalnog) Otvorenog metoda koordinacije. Procene uticaja OMK na nacionalne politike u ovoj oblasti ukazuju na brojna poboljšanja, ali i na nedostatke koje je potrebno prevazići.

The elements of long-term care in Serbia can be found within the systems of health care and social welfare and they generally comprise of rights to certain services and benefits. A part of the public policy dealing with long-term care needs implicitly relies on the support of families, i.e. different forms of informal help. Existing and projected demographic trends, social situation, as well as health conditions in elderly, require an integrative approach to long-term care and point to various challenges of the current concept. They equally refer to the accessibility and quality as well as financial sustainability of long-term care programmes and measures. The main problems rest within the spheres of inadequate coverage of elderly with institutional and out-of- institutional programmes, with disputed quality of certain measures and limited finances. Observed shortages of the current concept of long-term care in Serbia require the creation of direct connections among all stakeholders, along with adequate balancing between the public and private sectors, institutional and out-of-institutional programmes, cash benefits and in-kind benefits and services, Republic and local competencies. ; Elementi dugotrajne zaštite starih u Srbiji nalaze se najvećim delom unutar sistema zdravstva i socijalne zaštite i uopšteno obuhvataju prava na određene naknade i usluge. Deo javne politike koji se odnosi na zadovoljavanje potreba za dugotrajnom zaštitom implicitno se oslanja na podršku porodice, odnosno na različite vidove neformalne pomoći. Postojeći i projektovani demografski trendovi, socijalna situacija, kao i zdravstveno stanje populacije starih, zahtevaju integrativan pristup dugotrajnoj zaštiti i upućuju na brojne izazove postojećeg koncepta. Oni se podjednako odnose na pristup i kvalitet, koliko i na finansijsku održivost programa i mera. Glavni problemi egzistiraju u sferi neadekvatnog obuhvata starih institucionalnim i vaninstitucionalnim programima, uz upitan kvalitet nekih mera i ograničene finansije. Uočeni nedostaci ...

Change of social security actors is one of often considered topics in theory of social policy, with controversial and above else insufficiently studied practical consequences. Common transfer of once exclusively public authorities to private and market institutions is not anymore characteristic for countries of liberal orientation only, but it became a broader social trend. Its acceptance was contributed by ever higher deficits in state budgets and thus created need for finding additional forms for provision of income and social security. To that end, reforms of social security system in Serbia did not depart from the world trends. Theoretical attitudes of Marxist collectivists, social reformists, moderate individualists, moderate collectivists and new rightist illustrate different (however supplementary) understandings of the relation of state and market competences in realization of social security. They represent an introduction into social practice, particularly present since 1980s, which testifies about (ir)reversible changes of social security actors. These changes in social security system of Serbia are presented through reforms carried out in the system of pension and disabled, health and insurance of unemployed, social and children protection. ; Promena aktera socijalne sigurnosti predstavlja jednu od često razmatranih tema u teoriji socijalne politike, sa protivurečnim i kontroverznim, a nadasve nedovoljno izučenim posledicama u praksi. Uobičajeno prenošenje nekadašnjih isključivo državnih nadležnosti na privatne i tržišne institucije, nije više karakteristično samo za zemlje liberalne orijentacije, nego je postalo širi društveni trend. Njegovom prihvatanju doprineli su sve veći deficiti u državnim budžetima i time izazvana potreba za pronalaženjem dodatnih formi osiguranja dohodovne i socijalne sigurnosti. Reforme sistema socijalne sigurnosti Srbije, u tom pogledu, nisu odstupile od svetskih trendova. Teorijski stavovi marksističkih kolektivista, socijalnih reformista, umerenih individualista, ...

Policies of reconciliation of professional and family obligations present an extremely important segment of social policy in general which, regretfully, is rather neglected in Serbia. Data on the low rate of employment of women and sectors with predominantly female labor indicate the prevailing situation on the labor market from the point of view of gender (sex) (un)equality. The mechanisms of policy of reconciliation of professional and family obligations in Serbia, which are partly included in the system of protection of family and children, mainly imply compensation of salaries during maternity leave or for purpose of child's care or special care, family allowances and child's allowances, also as they are amended by the system of care of preschool children. ; Politike usklađivanja profesionalnih i porodičnih obaveza predstavljaju izuzetno važan segment socijalne politike uopšteno, koji je, međutim, u Srbiji, relativno zanemaren. Podaci o niskoj stopi zaposlenosti žena i sektorima dominantne zaposlenosti žena, ukazuju na postojeću situaciju, u svetlu rodne (ne)ravnopravnosti na tržištu rada. Mehanizmi politike usklađivanja profesionalnih i porodičnih obaveza u Srbiji, koji su jednim delom obuhvaćeni sistemom zaštite porodice i dece, oslanjaju se ponajviše na naknade zarade tokom porodiljskog odsustva ili u svrhu nege i posebne nege deteta, roditeljske dodatke i dečije dodatke, kao i što su dopunjeni sistemom zbrinjavanja dece predškolskog uzrasta.

The present article offers us various theoretical approaches to classification of social states and/or states of welfare. It also presents the dichotomous classification by Vilensky and Leboa followed by Titmus 'addition to' their teaching. The Esping-Anderssen regime theory presents the most interpreted and unavoidable link in the analysis of contemporary grouping of social states. In an attempt to make his classifications complete, taking into account additional relevant dimensions of the states of welfare are also presented such theoreticians which brought into question the division into three worlds of welfare and 'revised' his theory. At the base of any outlined social model presenting a (relatively) homogenous and/or heterogeneous set of states there are certain social values. When deciding on and promoting such values the very social policies, primarily their institutional mechanisms and forms (the social security systems in the first rank) become and act emancipatorily, discouraging or just neutrally in relation to their 'users' and population in general. ; U ovom radu analizirani su različiti teorijski pristupi klasifikacijama socijalnih država i/ili država blagostanja. Predstavljena je dihotomna klasifikacija Vilenskog i Leboa, a zatim i Titmusova 'dopuna' njihovog učenja. Esping-Andersenova teorija režima predstavlja najčešće interpretiranu i nezaobilaznu kariku u analizi savremenog grupisanja socijalnih država. U nastojanju upotpunjavanja njegove klasifikacije, uvažavanjem dodatnih relevantnih dimenzija država blagostanja, predstavljeni su i teoretičari koji su doveli u pitanje podelu na tri sveta blagostanja i koji su 'revidirali' njegovu teoriju. U osnovi svakog koncipiranog socijalnog modela, koji predstavlja (relativno) homogen i/ili heterogen skup država, nalaze se određene socijalne vrednosti. Opredeljujući i promovišući te vrednosti, i same socijalne politike, a pre svega njihovi institucionalni mehanizmi i forme (u prvom redu: sistemi socijalne sigurnosti) postaju i deluju emancipatorno, ...

The origin and development of the contemporary welfare state has been the subject of numerous theoretical interpretations. Beside the classical variants of the structural functionalism and institutionalism, its interpretation was determined by the social organization of production and the structure and interests of the government operated institutions. There are also certain variants within the said approaches while the author's views, although classified in the same theoretical orientation, need not necessarily be fully consistent. Besides, certain combinations of these theories offer the convincing proof of the occurrence and development of the welfare state considering the magnitude of factors determining it and considering the variability of its competencies on the scale of various national interpretations as well as the dynamism of politics of the welfare state primarily in interaction with other spheres of the government actions. ; Obrazloženje 'motivisanosti' država za sprovođenje aktivnosti socijalnog staranja i samim tim, nastanka i razvoja države blagostanja, izuzetno je kompleksno i mora se posmatrati u više ravni. Neki od najznačajnijih razloga opstanka države blagostanja pripadaju moralnoj i vrednosnoj sferi i tiču se potrebe za postojanjem univerzalnih i/ili jednakih standarda u društvu. Od podjednakog značaja je i ostvarivanje tzv. socijalne kontrole, posredstvom aktivnosti staranja, kao i ekonomske racionalnosti, gde ekonomija obima može predstavljati argument za uključenost države u obezbeđivanje blagostanja. Uprkos tome, decenija započeta 1990-ih godina, po mnogu čemu označila je period reformi, karakterisanih modifikovanjem nekih principa države blagostanja, koji su do tada bili nesumnjivo prihvaćeni(kako u tzv. građanskim, tako i (tada već u raspadanju) socijalističkim društvima). Pre svega, pitanje pravednosti društvene redistribucije (i neopravdanosti disbalansa distribucije), potisnuto je iz sfere javnog diskursa pitanjem ekonomske izvodljivosti i finansijske održivosti koncepta socijalnog ...

The complexity of the topic of European social models results from diversified social-political contents of welfare states in Europe as well as from impossibility of their unification. Although these different ways of providing social security can be assigned to a wider framework of joint European social values, they present a basis for the classification of European welfare states. The existence of Anglo-Saxon, Scandinavian, Continental, Mediterranean and Eastern-European welfare regimes, identified and analyzed by different theorists, was confirmed by empirical studies conducted at the beginning of this century. Despite similar social risks and challenges, the persistence of social differences among the welfare worlds is still present, and not neglected even by the integration of the European Union. The reason for that is found in the subsidiarity principle, which is not a limiting factor of positive heterogeneities within the European social models. The EU social policies and agreed framework of joint community social standards and objectives, direct national social policies and systems, primarily through the Open Method of Coordination. Thus, the strategies of harmonization, coordination and convergence have become replaced by enhancing the exchange of best practices and learning from other's experiences, and the national states are enabled to autonomously regulate their social security systems. The structure of the thesis consists of the following parts: welfare state in general, the European welfare regimes, segments of the European Union social policy, as well as barriers and opportunities for establishing of the single European social area. ; Kompleksnost problematike evropskih socijalnih modela potiče iz diversifikovanosti socijalno-političkih sadržaja država blagostanja u Evropi i nemogućnosti njihovog potpunog ujednačavanja. Iako se mogu podvesti pod širi okvir zajedničkih evropskih socijalnih vrednosti, ove razlike u načinima obezbeđivanja socijalne sigurnosti, predstavljaju osnov klasifikovanja ...

The presentation of the Union expansion and integration strategies makes the general framework for the analysis of socio-political criteria required for the association into the EU, as well as the most general achievements of the candidate states when integration is concerned. The survey of the EU social policy, as an exceptionally diversified mixture of socio-political decisions and measures taken by their respective member states is in function of addressing to the realistic position it takes on the communitarian and national level of operation. Eventually, consideration of the social dimension of the EU enlargement, primarily within the context of association of countries from the Central and East Europe, indicate the growing though marginalized significance of the social policy field criteria. ; Prikaz proširenja Unije i strategija integrisanja čini opšti okvir za analizu socijalno-političkih kriterijuma, koji su neophodni za pridruživanje EU, kao i najopštijih dometa realizacije integrisanja država kandidata. Osvrt na socijalnu politiku EU, kao izuzetno diversifikovan miks socijalno-političkih odluka i mera njenih država članica, u funkciji je upućivanja na realnu poziciju koju ona zauzima na komunitarnom i nacionalnom nivou funkcionisanja. Konačno, razmatranja socijalne dimenzije proširenja EU, pre svega u kontekstu pridruživanja država centralne i istočne Evrope, ukazuju na rastući, ali marginalizovan značaj kriterijuma iz oblasti socijalne politike.

Overall changes in political, social and economic spheres in Serbia, along with ongoing demographic processes, have affected various policies and all aspects of people's lives, including system(s) of care. While care became an important analytical concept and category of social policy analysis internationally, it has not been systematically applied in the analysis of the Serbian welfare state. Incorporation of care in welfare state analysis is much needed as its organisation in the national context reveals a lot about the nature of the welfare state, changes in its socio-institutional arrangements and, most importantly, the effects of provision. This article thus aims to outline the evolution of childcare and eldercare policies in Serbia over the last decade, employing the concept of the care diamond developed by Shahra Razavi, which allows examining the "architecture" through which the care is provided: families/ households, markets, the state and the voluntary sector. By analysing the prevalent care policy "architecture" for children and the elderly in Serbia and the roles of different sectors in that respect, as well as by identifying similarities and differences in the provision of childcare and eldercare in the national context, the article exposes developments and current state in childcare and eldercare provision in Serbia. The analysis indicates the profound role of the informal sphere in both care systems in Serbia, childcare and eldercare. Some differences between the two care domains could also be noted. These relate to the configuration of welfare sectors involved in care provision, revealing the modified shape of the care diamond in the case of childcare. That is, while all four sectors are involved in providing care in the case of eldercare forming an eldercare diamond, this is not the case with childcare. In the latter case, the voluntary, nonprofit sector does not exist as a care provider in Serbia, with childcare "architecture" having a shape of a care triangle. In light of this evidence, the role of families and the voluntary, nonprofit sector should be taken into account in future planning and funding of policies as well as in their implementation. Key words: care, childcare, eldercare, care diamond, policy, provision, Serbia

Overall changes in political, social and economic spheres in Serbia, along with ongoing demographic processes, have affected various policies and all aspects of people's lives, including system(s) of care. While care became an important analytical concept and category of social policy analysis internationally, it has not been systematically applied in the analysis of the Serbian welfare state. Incorporation of care in welfare state analysis is much needed as its organisation in the national context reveals a lot about the nature of the welfare state, changes in its socio-institutional arrangements and, most importantly, the effects of provision. This article thus aims to outline the evolution of childcare and eldercare policies in Serbia over the last decade, employing the concept of the care diamond developed by Shahra Razavi, which allows examining the "architecture" through which the care is provided: families/households, markets, the state and the voluntary sector. By analysing the prevalent care policy "architecture" for children and the elderly in Serbia and the roles of different sectors in that respect, as well as by identifying similarities and differences in the provision of childcare and eldercare in the national context, the article exposes developments and current state in childcare and eldercare provision in Serbia. The analysis indicates the profound role of the informal sphere in both care systems in Serbia, childcare and eldercare. Some differences between the two care domains could also be noted. These relate to the configuration of welfare sectors involved in care provision, revealing the modified shape of the care diamond in the case of childcare. That is, while all four sectors are involved in providing care in the case of eldercare forming an eldercare diamond, this is not the case with childcare. In the latter case, the voluntary, nonprofit sector does not exist as a care provider in Serbia, with childcare "architecture" having a shape of a care triangle. In light of this evidence, the role of families and the voluntary, nonprofit sector should be taken into account in future planning and funding of policies as well as in their implementation. ; Sveukupne promjene u političkoj, socijalnoj i ekonomskoj sferi u Srbiji, zajedno s kontinuiranim demografskim procesima, utjecali su na razne politike i sve aspekte života ljudi, uključujući sustav(e) skrbi. Iako je skrb postala važan analitički koncept i kategorija analiza socijalne politike u međunarodnom kontekstu, ona još nije sustavno primijenjena u analizi srpske socijalne države. Uvrštenje skrbi u analizu socijalne države nužno je potrebno jer njezina organizacija u nacionalnom kontekstu otkriva mnogo o prirodi socijalne države, promjenama u socio-institucionalnom uređenju i, što je najvažnije, učincima pružanja skrbi. Rad nastoji izložiti evoluciju politike skrbi za djecu i skrbi za starije u Sbiji tijekom posljednjeg desetljeća, koristeći koncept četverokuta socijalne skrbi koje je razvila Shahra Razavi, a koji omogućuje analizu ˝arhitekture˝ unutar koje se socijalna skrb pruža: obitelji/kućanstva, tržišta, država i dobrovoljni sektor. Analizom prevladavajuće ˝arhitekturu˝ politike skrbi za djecu i starije osobe u Srbiji i uloge različitih sektora u tom pogledu, kao i identifikacijom sličnosti i razlika u pružanju skrbi za djecu i za starije osobe u nacionalnom kontekstu, rad prikazuje razvoj i sadašnje stanje u pružanju skrbi za djecu i starije osobe u Srbiji. Analiza ukazuje na bitnu ulogu neformalne sfere u oba sustava skrbi u Srbiji, skrbi za djecu i skrbi za starije osobe. Isto tako, mogu se uočiti neke razlike između dviju domena skrbi. One se odnose na konfiguraciju sektora socijalne skrbi uključenog u pružanje skrbi i otkrivaju modificirani oblik četverokuta socijalne skrbi u slučaju skrbi za djecu. Drugim riječima, iako su sva četiri sektora uključena u pružanje skrbi za starije osobe tvoreći četverokut socijalne skrbi, to nije slučaj u pogledu skrbi za djecu. U potonjem slučaju dobrovoljni, neprofitni sektor ne postoji kao pružatelj skrbi u Srbiji, te ˝arhitektura˝ ima oblik trokuta socijalne srbi. U kontekstu ovih dokaza, uloga obitelji i dobrovoljnog, neprofitnog sektora trebala bi se uzeti u obzir u budućem planiranju i financiranju politika, kao i u njihovoj primjeni.