Suchergebnisse

Od trzydziestu lat szkolnictwo wyższe w Polsce przechodzi nieustanne, choć mało skoordynowane zmiany, powodowane krajowymi uwarunkowaniami demograficznymi, społecznymi i gospodarczymi, jak również wpływem czynników zewnętrznych [Antonowicz 2015; Wnuk-Lipińska 1996]. Polityka publiczna wobec szkolnictwa wyższego, zwłaszcza klasycznych uniwersytetów, ogniskuje się wokół problemu efektywności instytucjonalnej i związanych z tym zasad finansowania nauki, udziału polskich uczelni w globalnej konkurencji oraz adekwatnych do nowych wyzwań infrastruktury instytucjonalno-prawnej i kultury organizacyjnej [Jabłecka 1998; Kwiek 2010]. Kierunek reform polskiej nauki doprowadził do wielu zasadniczych zmian w mechanizmach rekrutacyjnych kadr (otwarte konkursy), mechanizmach finansowania badań (system grantowyi ewaluacja instytucjonalna), w obszarze kształcenia studentów (wprowadzenie akredytacji kierunków studiów), a także w zakresie budowania kariery akademickiej (stopniowe odchodzenie od hierarchiczności na rzecz efektów działalności naukowej). Zmiany widoczne są niemal w każdej sferze funkcjonowania uniwersytetów, jednak w jednej zachodzą niezwykle powoli – w strukturze zarządzania analizowanej z perspektywy udziału kobiet i mężczyzn na stanowiskach kierowniczych. Celem opracowania jest identyfikacja barier utrudniających kobietom dostęp do najwyższychfunkcji zarządczych na uniwersytetach. W szczególności zostały omówione bariery instytucjonalne, zarówno na podstawie literatury przedmiotu, jak i wyników badania jakościowego, przeprowadzonego wśród 17 kobiet: rektorek i prorektorek kadencji 2016–2020. (fragment tekstu)

For the last thirty years, we observe constant yet poorly coordinated changes in Poland's higher education. The changes result from national demographic, along with social and economic determinants. Moreover, the changes result from the impact of external factors [Antonowicz 2015, Wnuk-Lipińska 1996]. First, the public policy towards higher education institutions – especially typical universities – focuses on the problem of institutional effectiveness and related science funding regulations, Polish universities' participation in global competition, along with legal and institutional infrastructure and organisational culture adequate to new challenges [Jabłecka 2002, Kwiek 2010]. The direction of reforms in Polish science led to multiple fundamental changes in staff recruitment mechanisms (open competitions) research funding mechanisms (grant system and institutional evaluation), student education (courses accreditation), and academic career, i.e. the gradual abandonment of hierarchy in favourof scientific results. We notice changes in almost every sphere of universities' functioning, but in one of those spheres changes occur unusually slow, by which I mean the management structure analysed from the viewpoint of women and men in managerial positions. This article's goal involves the identification of barriers that limit women's access to the highest managerial positions at universities. In particular, I will elaborate the institutional barriers, according to both the subject literature and results of qualitative research that involved seventeen women: female rectors and vice-rectors of the 2016–2020 term of office. (fragment of text) ; Od trzydziestu lat szkolnictwo wyższe w Polsce przechodzi nieustanne, choć mało skoordynowane zmiany, powodowane krajowymi uwarunkowaniami demograficznymi, społecznymi i gospodarczymi, jak również wpływem czynników zewnętrznych [Antonowicz 2015; Wnuk-Lipińska 1996]. Polityka publiczna wobec szkolnictwa wyższego, zwłaszcza klasycznych uniwersytetów, ogniskuje się wokół problemu ...

Pod wpływem zmian społeczno-gospodarczych uniwersytety w coraz mniejszym stopniu działają jak wspólnoty uczonych, a w coraz większym jak aktorzy organizacyjni, których charakteryzuje przede wszystkim rozliczalność z efektów zaplanowanych działań i wpisana w to walka o pozycję i prestiż. W kierunku transformacji uniwersytetów w racjonalną organizację zmierzają również reformy szkolnictwa wyższego w Polsce. Wymagają one zwiększenia jakości prowadzonych badań, mierzonej publikacjami w czasopismach indeksowanych przez międzynarodowe bazy periodyków naukowych, wymuszają konkurencję, na przykład poprzez wprowadzenie konkursu na wyłonienie tzw. uczelni badawczych. Dla akademików oznacza to zmianę akcentów w ocenie pracy naukowej: normy środowiskowe zastępowane są formalnymi regulacjami o charakterze audytu. Celem artykułu jest, ugruntowana w badaniach empirycznych, odpowiedź na pytanie o to, jak odbierane są zachodzące zmiany. Materiał empiryczny zbierany był w toku badania jakościowego (17 indywidualnych wywiadów pogłębionych). Respondentami byli ponadprzeciętnie aktywni badacze regularnie pozyskujący granty na badania naukowe ze środków zewnętrznych, czyli osoby, na których coraz częściej koncentruje się polityka kadrowa uniwersytetu jako organizacji. Wyniki badania pokazują, że transformacja uniwersytetu w aktora organizacyjnego oznacza, że jest on postrzegany przede wszystkim jako pracodawca. W tej perspektywie rozliczalność jest dwustronna: uniwersytet egzekwuje efekty od pracowników, ale pracownicy oczekują od pracodawcy organizacyjnych i kulturowych ram do ich osiągania.

This article highlights the positive impact that local governments have exerted on the rural development in Poland. At first, the author presents the basic features of Polish rural areas and examines what rural development means to Polish policy makers. Furthermore, the author concludes that the main ideas which lie at the core of rural development are sustainability, multi functionality and competitiveness. One of the main foundations is also the grassroots approach which involves local community in the development process – the method that is used by many nonprofit or nongovernmental organizations to energize rural areas. Thanks to this strategy their role is still increasing. However, the author gives strong arguments to support the idea that the role of local governments is also crucial in stimulating development, and that this role should be referred to more often. In Poland after '89, thanks to the changes in the law, local governments have the real possibility to run, support or effectively engage in rural development. Moreover, their workings, as often as not, are the major impulse for positive action taken in rural areas. The author examines this on the basis of the LEADER Programme and Polish Solectwo (the basic level of the Polish local government system). This article also provides examples of the best practices (from 4 municipalities: Limanowa, Baltowa, Bodzechowa, Maslowa) focusing on the successful initiatives implemented by the local governments. The examples show that, in spite of their weakness, local governments could play an important part in rural development. They make the inhabitants aware of the fact that they are indispensable for everyday life and economic growth to the same extent as NGO's and private enterprises.

This article highlights the positive impact that local governments have exerted on the rural development in Poland. At first, the author presents the basic features of Polish rural areas and examines what rural development means to Polish policy makers. Furthermore, the author concludes that the main ideas which lie at the core of rural development are sustainability, multi functionality and competitiveness. One of the main foundations is also the grassroots approach which involves local community in the development process – the method that is used by many nonprofit or nongovernmental organizations to energize rural areas. Thanks to this strategy their role is still increasing. However, the author gives strong arguments to support the idea that the role of local governments is also crucial in stimulating development, and that this role should be referred to more often. In Poland after '89, thanks to the changes in the law, local governments have the real possibility to run, support or effectively engage in rural development. Moreover, their workings, as often as not, are the major impulse for positive action taken in rural areas. The author examines this on the basis of the LEADER Programme and Polish Solectwo (the basic level of the Polish local government system). This article also provides examples of the best practices (from 4 municipalities: Limanowa, Baltowa, Bodzechowa, Maslowa) focusing on the successful initiatives implemented by the local governments. The examples show that, in spite of their weakness, local governments could play an important part in rural development. They make the inhabitants aware of the fact that they are indispensable for everyday life and economic growth to the same extent as NGO's and private enterprises.

This article highlights the positive impact that local governments have exerted on the rural development in Poland. At first, the author presents the basic features of Polish rural areas and examines what rural development means to Polish policy makers. Furthermore, the author concludes that the main ideas which lie at the core of rural development are sustainability, multi functionality and competitiveness. One of the main foundations is also the grassroots approach which involves local community in the development process – the method that is used by many nonprofit or nongovernmental organizations to energize rural areas. Thanks to this strategy their role is still increasing. However, the author gives strong arguments to support the idea that the role of local governments is also crucial in stimulating development, and that this role should be referred to more often. In Poland after '89, thanks to the changes in the law, local governments have the real possibility to run, support or effectively engage in rural development. Moreover, their workings, as often as not, are the major impulse for positive action taken in rural areas. The author examines this on the basis of the LEADER Programme and Polish Solectwo (the basic level of the Polish local government system). This article also provides examples of the best practices (from 4 municipalities: Limanowa, Baltowa, Bodzechowa, Maslowa) focusing on the successful initiatives implemented by the local governments. The examples show that, in spite of their weakness, local governments could play an important part in rural development. They make the inhabitants aware of the fact that they are indispensable for everyday life and economic growth to the same extent as NGO's and private enterprises.

This article highlights the positive impact that local governments have exerted on the rural development in Poland. At first, the author presents the basic features of Polish rural areas and examines what rural development means to Polish policy makers. Furthermore, the author concludes that the main ideas which lie at the core of rural development are sustainability, multi functionality and competitiveness. One of the main foundations is also the grassroots approach which involves local community in the development process – the method that is used by many nonprofit or nongovernmental organizations to energize rural areas. Thanks to this strategy their role is still increasing. However, the author gives strong arguments to support the idea that the role of local governments is also crucial in stimulating development, and that this role should be referred to more often. In Poland after '89, thanks to the changes in the law, local governments have the real possibility to run, support or effectively engage in rural development. Moreover, their workings, as often as not, are the major impulse for positive action taken in rural areas. The author examines this on the basis of the LEADER Programme and Polish Solectwo (the basic level of the Polish local government system). This article also provides examples of the best practices (from 4 municipalities: Limanowa, Baltowa, Bodzechowa, Maslowa) focusing on the successful initiatives implemented by the local governments. The examples show that, in spite of their weakness, local governments could play an important part in rural development. They make the inhabitants aware of the fact that they are indispensable for everyday life and economic growth to the same extent as NGO's and private enterprises.