Suchergebnisse

U radu se razmatra odnos socijalističkog estetizma - specifičnog fenomena nastalog u jugoslovenskoj kulturi tokom druge polovine dvadesetog veka - i tada aktuelne arhitektonske teorije i prakse. Kao glavne osobine socijalističkog estetizma identifikovane su: neutralnost, kompromis pasivnost, samosvojnost i samodovoljnost. U okviru socijalističkog estetizma umetničko delo se nije više posmatralo kao 'odraz', optimalna projekcija realnosti, što je bilo karakteristično za prethodni period socijalističkog realizma, već je napravljen suštinski prelaz sa tematskog na plastičko, sa predmetnog motiva na estetski predmet. Osnovno pitanje koje se postavlja u radu jeste kako je arhitektura učestvovala u izgradnji tog novog ulepšanog sveta, zasnovanog na idejama socijalističkog estetizma. ; The Yugoslav cultural space in the period after 1948 was in a unique situation which was the result of a special state politics which based the realization of its interests on a diffuse position between the East and the West Blocks. In accordance with that, it was necessary to find an adequate visualization of the new system. Architecture, as a privileged esthetic language, was one of the channels for accomplishing the established aims. After the period of socialist realism based on the premises of the cultural politics of the Soviet Union, the model had to be changed. Besides being a new state, Socialist Yugoslavia strived to be unique. In this cultural and political setting a special phenomenon was created in the Yugoslav artistic scene and it was called socialist esthetism. It was first noted in literature at the beginning of the 1960's. Soon the perception of socialist esthetism as a theoretical instrument was expanded to the fields of painting, graphics and sculpture, where the phenomenon was examined by influential Yugoslav art critics, historians and theoreticians of art. In architectural historiography, however, it would occur for the first time at the beginning of 2000 in the reflections on Serbian architecture of the second half of the 20th century. The main characteristics of socialist esthetism were identified as neutrality, compromise, passivity, independence and self-sufficiency. This was the source of two groups of implications. The first one refers to the position of art in social reality, therefore, to its sociocultural function, whereas the second one refers to the domain of autochthonous artistic expression, i.e. its ontological, semantic and structural aspects. These two components surely have a common denominator. What is indisputable is that the work of art is no longer observed as a 'reflection' of socialistic social reality, i.e. as an optimal projection of reality, as the principles of socialist realism demanded. An essential transition was made from thematic to plastic, from the topical motive to an esthetic object. The moment of divergence is, however, the semantic ending of an esthetic object. In the discourse of architecture the phenomenon of socialist esthetism is manifested as a starting concept but also as a product of architectural practice, so the relationship of socialist esthetism and architecture can be defined as bidirectional. The definition of one direction of this relation requires an answer to the question if there is a marked transition from thematic to plastic in architectural practice, i.e. from the topical motive to an esthetic object. The second direction is the search for the role of architecture in the construction of context in which the phenomenon of socialist esthetism is manifested. In other words, the first direction follows the elements of socialist esthetism in architecture and the second one the elements of architecture in socialist esthetism. Elements of socialist esthetism in architecture are manifested in a similar way like in other visual arts. They are recognized in the tendency for a non-conflicting morphology and visuality, i.e. in the creation of a structure whose semantic potential is exhausted inside itself. Elements of socialist esthetism bring into architecture an aspiration to avoid ideological and symbolic premises with the aim of a self-sufficient spatial system which can conditionally be called esthetical. On the other hand, the elements of architecture in the vision of socialist esthetism can be searched for in opuses of leading architects of this period (B. Bogdanović I. Antić, M. Mitrović). Because of its materialization and purpose, the building of the Museum of Modern Art in Belgrade, the work of Ivan Antić and Ivanka Raspopović, can be discussed as a very symptomatic example of the relationship of architecture and socialist esthetism. The building of the Museum of Modern Art in Belgrade surely represents a unique achievement of Yugoslav post-war architecture. This uniqueness is seen not only in the characteristic architectural idea, but also in the fact that this is one of the rare cultural objects, of the many that had been planned, which was actually realized. The very high degree of the esthetization of the Museum of Modern Art shows the esthetic vision of the socialist world in which the edifice was built. On the other hand, the non-realization of planned objects which would potentially follow this line of esthetization of social reality indicates that this world had different priorities.

Foreign investment by the United Arab Emirates in the 'Beograd na vodi' master plan sets the stage for the largest urban development in the Serbian capital since the planning of Novi Beograd. While the government embraces the plan as an instrument to spur economic growth in Serbia, critics are more cautious and warn for cliche corporate development. ; Иностранные инвестиции со стороны Объединенных Арабских Эмиратов в генеральный план «Белград на воде» положили начало самому масштабному развитию сербской столицы со времен планирования Нового Белграда. В то время как правительство расценивает этот план как инструмент стимулирования экономического развития Сербии, критики более осторожны в своих оценках и предупреждают о возможности шаблонного развития.

The main objective of this research is to explore the ecology ideas in socialism, or more precisely socio-ecological ideas that were present in urbanization of New Belgrade. The paper investigates beginnings of the development of environmental consciousness that emerged in late sixties of the twentieth century due to rapid urbanization processes of Belgrade, but also draws attention to specific architectural and urban concepts in historical urban development of New Belgrade which are from the standpoint of modern principles of sustainability positive examples of social - environmental exchanges. What can we learn from past experiences? Since the power relations of socio-environmental conditions that shape urban environment are constantly changing in terms of scale and participants in the process of urbanization, historical and geographical insight into the constantly changing urban configuration is necessary for understanding and consideration of future radical political-ecological urban strategies. ; Ovaj rad ima za cilj da istraži ekološke ideje koji se pojavljuju u socijalističkom periodu, ili preciznije socio-ekološke ideje koje su bile prisutne u urbanizaciji Novog Beograda. Rad istražuje početak razvoja ekološke svesti koja se javlja krajem šezdesetih godina XX veka usled naglog procese urbanizacije Beograda, ali takođe ukazuje i na određene arhitektonske i urbanističke koncepte u istorijskom razvoju Novog Beograda koji sa stanovišta savremenih principa održivosti predstavljaju pozitivne primere društveno-ekološke razmene. Šta možemo naučiti iz prethodnih iskustava? Budući da se odnosi moći društveno-ekoloških odnosa koji oblikuju urbane sredine stalno menjaju u pogledu razmere i učesnika u procesu urbanizacije, istorijsko-geografski uvid u te stalno promenljive urbane konfiguracije neophodan je radi razumevanja i razmatranja budućih radikalnih političko-ekoloških urbanih strategija.

Deep-rooted political turbulence, along with the present hybrid regime, have resulted in an undesirable social, economic and political milieu in Serbia. Such an atmosphere is a fertile ground for a grey economy, corruption, nepotism and restrictions to media freedoms. These 'unconventional' means of social functioning, have caused a decline in trust towards state institutions and proportionally, increase of citizen participation in non-institutional models of engagement. The aim of this paper is to analyse one such model of non-institutional engagement: the local activist group Za naš Kej, operating in the area Savski blokovi (Sava apartment blocks) in New Belgrade. The authors analysed local residents' perception of the activist group Za naš Kej in comparison to the group's narratives and actions. By using a grounded theory approach authors explained the role of groups such as Za Naš Kej in the development of participatory and deliberative democracy within the local community. Our data indicates that Za naš kej, despite its local character, does not have a strong foothold in the community, and thus receives only passive support. Citizens perceive Za naš kej as mediator between local institutions and residents of the Sava apartment blocks. Despite the failure to mobilise a wider group of citizens for their cause, this activist group continues to be a relevant (political) actor within the local community. ; Duboko ukorenjene političke turbulencije, zajedno sa sadašnjim hibridnim režimom, dovele su do nepoželjnog društvenog, ekonomskog i političkog miljea u Srbiji. Takva atmosfera je plodno tlo za sivu ekonomiju, korupciju, nepotizam i ograničavanje medijskih sloboda. Ovi "nekonvencionalni" načini društvenog funkcionisanja, izazvali su smanjivanje poverenja u državne institucije i srazmerno tome, porast učešć a građana u vaninstitucionalnim modelima angažovanja. Cilj ovog rada je da se analizira jedan takav model vaninstitucionalnog angažovanja: lokalna aktivistička grupa Za naš kej, koja deluje u Savskim blokovima na Novom Beogradu. Autorke su analizirale percepciju lokalnog stanovništva o aktivističkoj grupi Za naš Kej u poređenju sa narativima i akcijama grupe. Korišć enjem utemeljenog teorijskog pristupa autorke su objasnile ulogu grupa kao što je Za Naš Kej u razvoju participativne i deliberativne demokratije u lokalnoj zajednici. Naši podaci govore da Za naš kej, i pored svog lokalnog karaktera, nema čvrsto uporište u zajednici, pa stoga dobija samo pasivnu podršku. Građani vide Za naš kej kao posrednika između lokalnih institucija i stanovnika stambenih blokova pored Save. Uprkos neuspehu da mobiliše širu grupu građana, ova aktivistička grupa nastavlja da bude relevantan (politički) akter u lokalnoj zajednici.

Intro -- Inhalt -- 1 Wenden. Interdisziplinäre Perspektiven auf das Phänomen turn.Einleitung -- I. Wenden in den einzelnen Disziplinen -- 2 Zwischen Irrelevanz und paradigmatischer Innovation.Metaphernanalytische Sondierungen zur Rede von Wenden in derErziehungswissenschaft -- Zusammenfassung -- 1. Einleitung -- 2. Ausgangsthesen und methodologische Überlegungen -- 2.1 Ausgangsthesen -- 2.2 Methodologische Überlegungen zur Metaphernanalyse -- 3. Zur Rede von Wenden in der Erziehungswissenschaft -- 3.1 Beispiel 1: Alltagswende -- 3.2 Beispiel 2: Empirische Wende -- 3.3 Diskussion -- 4. Fazit und Ausblick -- Literatur -- 3 Forschungswenden in der Erziehungswissenschaft. Von der Handlungs- und Aktionsforschung zu Design-Based Research -- 1. Zur Geschichte der erziehungswissenschaftlichen Forschung -- 2. Der bildungspolitische Diskurs von der Curriculumforschung bis zu PISA -- 3. Das Verschwinden der Aktions- und Handlungsforschung -- 3. Innovationsorientierte Forschung nach PISA -- 4. Design-Based Research - Formen entwicklungs- und gestaltungsorientierter Forschung -- 5. Kontinuitäten und Diskontinuitäten einer handlungsorientierten Forschung -- 4 Für einen curatorial turn in der Kunstpädagogik -- Gatekeeper -- Metakünstler -- Literatur -- 5 (Re)Turning to the Image -- Literature -- II. Der documentary turn -- 6 Screenings zum documentary turn in der zeitgenössischen Kunst.Einführung -- Kritischer Realismus -- Metonymien und Montagen des documentary -- Bildentzug -- Documentary turns. Archiv, Film, Fotografie -- Dokumentarische Modi und Kontexte -- Das Dokumentarische als Verfahren und Sprache sozialer und politischer Reflexion -- Literatur -- 7 Gebrüder Grimm / Karl May / Volko Kamensky u.v.m. -- 8 The Terrace -- 9 Notes from Underground -- Literature -- 10 Error Banner -- 11 NEW, Novi Beograd 1948 - 1986 - 2006 -- 12 on the set of 1978ff.

Amidst negative demographic trends, emigration of the young, reproductive and employable population is one of the vital issues for the further development of the Republic of Serbia. Hence, there is a need for in-depth academic research and expert discussions that would allow for a better understanding of the issue, while pointing out its limitations and potentials. Since the country's emigration potential is not sufficiently represented in previous research, this paper aims to shed light on the phenomenon of migration by discussing the attitudes, intentions and motives of senior-year high school students. It also aims to identify the factors for the potential emigration of young people. In line with the research subject and aims, the paper relies on the focus group method. The analysis was carried out using data from a focus-group survey conducted in three local governments – the City of Leskovac, the City of Užice and the City of Zaječar. Regional centres in the southern, western and eastern parts of Serbia were selected because they best represent the heterogeneity of its socio-economic development and migration patterns. Given that the group is the main unit of analysis within the chosen qualitative research method, the respondents had to share at least one important characteristic. In this case, they were senior-year high school students, born or residing in the mentioned cities. Focus groups were organised in Medical Schools and Grammar schools, while in the City of Zaječar and the City of Leskovac, the research was conducted in the Technical School, too. During the research, a total of 15 focus-group interviews were conducted, in which 149 students participated. All respondents were 18 or 19 years old at the time of the survey, while in terms of gender structure, there were slightly more females (77 compared to 72 males). The participants recognised the importance and relevance of youth migration, showed enthusiasm and, at the same time, took the discussion seriously. The results showed that most of the participants intend to stay in Serbia, while also indicating a relatively high level of readiness to emigrate after finishing school. The intention to stay is more pronounced among the students from the City of Leskovac, which is understandable considering that this is an area where traditional family values are important. On the other hand, the intentions to emigrate are most frequent among students from the City of Zaječar, a traditional emigration area. Although the desire to aid the development of the community stands out as a significant determinant of staying, attachment to the family emerges as the main factor influencing the decision not to emigrate. When observing the respondents' opinions according to the type of school, significant differences were noticed. Students of medical schools in all cities have to a greater extent expressed their readiness to stay in the country, which is contrary to the generally present trend of emigration of medical workers to EU countries. The research showed that students from these schools are more optimistic than students from other schools because they believe that the prospects of finding a job for their educational profile in Serbia are currently somewhat more favourable. It is important to point out that students who intend to stay in Serbia in most cases plan to continue living in one of the large regional centers – Belgrade, Novi Sad or Niš. Their decision to participate in internal migration flows can be related to the fact that they plan to continue their education in the mentioned regional centres and to stay there after graduation. It was found that students from the City of Leskovac primarily intend to continue their education in Niš, students from the City of Užice opt for faculties in Belgrade, while students from the City of Zaječar gravitate almost equally towards Belgrade and Niš. By considering the motives that influence young people's migration intentions, it was established that economic factors have a distinct role in deciding on potential emigration. The most frequent push factor is the unfavourable financial situation in the family. When it comes to the pull-factors, the majority of respondents stated that the standard of living, higher salaries and more adequate conditions for professional development and advancement abroad are decisive for potential emigration. As to the importance of education in the process of deciding on migration, it does not appear to be a significant factor for external migration, given that a small number of students plan to continue their education abroad immediately after high school. While discussing the most significant push-factors, the participants expressed dissatisfaction with the general living conditions in Serbia. The students' discussion about the potential destination led to the conclusion that the majority see traditional destinations of the inhabitants of Serbia as potential countries of emigration: Austria, Germany, France, the USA or Canada. When it comes to the choice of a destination, the participants emphasised the crucial importance of migration networks, i.e., connections with relatives and friends abroad. Some respondents emphasise that having relatives and acquaintances in the chosen destination country can be of great importance during integration into a new environment. Although some students emphasise that migration can improve the lives of individuals and families, the majority view emigration as a process that negatively affects the overall development of Serbia. Interestingly, the respondents in all three local government units expressed a unanimous attitude that too many resources are being invested in the development of Belgrade, while insufficient investments are directed to the planning of the development of other local governments, primarily in rural areas. Based on the discussions and exchange of opinions of focus group participants, it was possible to create certain recommendations to decision-makers to mitigate the problem of the emigration of young people. The respondents suggested several concrete measures that the state should take to improve certain aspects of life in Serbia. Their recommendations are focused, above all, on improving the economic situation, including increased monthly incomes, creating new jobs (especially for highly educated people) and encouraging youth entrepreneurship. They recognised the need for part of the investments to be directed towards rural areas in order to mitigate the effects of depopulation and economic decline. In the context of improving the education system, the recommendations call for reforms that would align education profiles with the needs of the labour market. Students in all three local governments believe that strategies and plans for future development should be tailored to the specific needs of different regions. Although the importance of youth migration is recognised at the academic level in Serbia, this phenomenon requires a more complex analysis in development and strategic documents. In this regard, qualitative research needs to intensify at the local, regional and national levels, which would enable the adoption of adequate plans, strategies and measures of population policy towards the migration of young people. The results of this paper can contribute significantly to and serve as the basis for further research on the migration processes among young people in Serbia.

Introduction: Theory, Not Method, Thinking with Lefebvre -- Part I. On Complete Urbanization -- 1. The Trouble with Henri: Urban Research and the Theory of the Production of Space -- 2. During the Urban Revolution : Conjunctures on the Streets of Dhaka -- 3. Where Lefebvre Meets the East: Urbanization in Hong Kong -- 4. Henri Lefebvre and 'Colonization': From Reinterpretation to Research -- Part II. Contradictions of Abstract Space -- 5. Plan Puebla Panama: The Violence of Abstract Space -- 6. 'Greater Paris': Urbanization But No Urbanity : How Lefebvre Predicted Our Metropolitan Future -- 7. The Production of Urban Competitiveness: Modelling 22@Barcelona -- 8. Reconstructing New Orleans and the Right to the City -- Part III. Everyday Architectures -- 9. Ground Exploration: Producing Everyday Life at the South Bank, 1948-1951 -- 10. The Space of the Square: A Lefebvrean Archaeology of Budapest -- 11 The Archi-texture of Power: An Inquiry into the Spatial Textures of Post-socialist Sarajevo -- 12. For Difference 'in and through' São Paulo: The Regressive-Progressive Method -- Part IV. Urban Society and Its Projects -- 13. Architectural Project and the Agency of Representation:The Case of Nowa Huta, Poland -- 14. The Debate about Berlin Tempelhof Airport, or: A Lefebvrean Critique of Recent Debates about Affect in Geography -- 15. Novi Beograd: Reinenting Utopia -- 16. Lefebvrean Vaguenesses: Going Beyond Diversion in the Production of New Spaces.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Figures -- About the Contributors -- Introduction: Theory, Not Method - Thinking with Lefebvre -- PART I ON COMPLETE URBANIZATION -- 1 The Trouble with Henri: Urban Research and the Theory of the Production of Space -- 2 During the Urban Revolution - Conjunctures on the Streets of Dhaka -- 3 Where Lefebvre Meets the East: Urbanization in Hong Kong -- 4 Henri Lefebvre and 'Colonization': From Reinterpretation to Research -- PART II CONTRADICTIONS OF ABSTRACT SPACE -- 5 Plan Puebla Panama: The Violence of Abstract Space -- 6 'Greater Paris': Urbanization but No Urbanity - How Lefebvre Predicted Our Metropolitan Future -- 7 The Production of Urban Competitiveness: Modelling 22@Barcelona -- 8 Reconstructing New Orleans and the Right to the City -- PART III EVERYDAY ARCHITECTURES -- 9 Ground Exploration: Producing Everyday Life at the South Bank, 1948-1951 -- 10 The Space of the Square: A Lefebvrean Archaeology of Budapest -- 11 The Archi-texture of Power: An Inquiry into the Spatial Textures of Post-socialist Sarajevo -- 12 For Difference'in and through'São Paulo: The Regressive-Progressive Method -- PART IV URBAN SOCIETY AND ITS PROJECTS -- 13 Architectural Project and the Agency of Representation: The Case of Nowa Huta, Poland -- 14 The Debate about Berlin Tempelhof Airport, or: A Lefebvrean Critique of Recent Debates about Affect in Geography -- 15 Novi Beograd: Reinventing Utopia -- 16 Lefebvrean Vaguenesses: Going Beyond Diversion in the Production of New Spaces -- Index

Novi pokreti usmeravaju svoje postupke prema civilnim vlastima i političarima koji imaju moć da realizuju ciljeve pokreta, ali često postoji sukob između pokreta i vlasti, odnosno između pokreta i utvrđenog društva koje vlasti predstavljaju. Ti pokreti veruju da su establišment politike propale i da više ne mogu da predstavljaju zadovoljavajuća rešenja za teške političke probleme. Tri najvažnija pristupa društvenih teorija prepoznaju sledeće koncepte: koncept mobilizacije resursa i koncept struktura političkih oportuniteta i koncept freminga (framing), odnosno okvira. Relativni uspeh pobune protiv establišmenta zavisi, u krajnjoj liniji, od sposobnosti političkih aktera da ubede potencijalne pristalice da oni zaista stoje nasuprot elita moći, da nisu deo strukture elite moći, da nisu insajderi. Uspeh pokreta zavisi od širokog prihvatanja poruke, a prihvatanje poruke će zavisiti od toga koliko se ona uklapa u percepciju stvarnosti ili koliko se dobro percepcijom može izmanipulisati. Međutim u Srbiji se samo na početku činilo da će ovi novi pokreti biti vesnici novih političkih trendova i novog svetla u postojeći sistem. Oni su zapravo profitirali samo od slabljenja određenih opozicionih partija ili sindikata, ali kratkog daha. Nisu uspeli i nisu mogli da ustroje stalnu organizaciju i strukturu, jedinstveno članstvo i program.

Prikaz knjige:

Slavenko, Terzić. 2021. Na kapijama Konstantinopolja. Rusija i balkansko pitanje u 19. veku. Beograd: Istorijski institut. Novi Sad: Pravoslavna reč, 742 str.