Suchergebnisse

'Der Aufsatz entwickelt eine primär soziologische und sozialpsychologische Perspektive auf die Kneipe als Erinnerungsraum. Die Kneipe wird dabei zunächst als Sozialraum und Affektnische gesellschaftstheoretisch analysiert. Es werden daraufhin Überlegungen nicht nur dazu, wie sich individuelle Erinnerungen und Emotionen auf besondere Weise an diesen Ort ketten, angestellt, sondern auch im Hinblick darauf, wie sich die Erinnerungen von Individuen mit denjenigen ihrer Interaktionspartner in der Kneipensituation durch Kommunikation verknüpfen und vermischen. Einen Fokus bildet dabei das Konzept der personalen Identität. Schließlich wird die Analyse auf Prozesse der kollektiven Erinnerungsarbeit und ihre Bedeutung für kollektive Identitätskonstrukte ausgedehnt sowie ein Zusammenhang zwischen Kneipe und kulturellem Gedächtnis skizziert.' (Autorenreferat)

"Mit Hilfe einer gemischt qualitativen und quantitativen Inhaltsanalyse wurde untersucht, wie Tod und Sterbeprozesse in fünf Kinderbilderbüchern dargestellt werden, welche Emotionen in Verbindung mit dem Tod zum Tragen kommen, welche Lösungs- und Bewältigungsstrategien dem Kind angeboten und welche Art von Jenseitsvorstellungen vermittelt werden. Es gibt einige Elemente, dazu gehören beispielsweise die Trauer der Angehörigen, die Verbindung des Todes mit dem Alter oder die Erinnerung, die in beinahe allen Büchern auftauchen und denen bei der Darstellung von Tod und Sterben eine zentrale Bedeutung zuzukommen scheint. Auf andere Elemente wie die Todesangst, die Darstellung von Sterbenden bzw. eines Sterbeprozesses oder die Darstellung von konkreten Jenseitsvorstellungen wird in den Büchern größtenteils verzichtet. Die Darstellung entspricht einer für moderne westliche Gesellschaften typischen Normalisierung, Säkularisierung und Privatisierung des Todes." (Autorenreferat)

Der Beitrag enthält eine theoretische Auseinandersetzung mit dem Integrationsbegriff in der soziologischen Theorie, wobei insbesondere das vom Alltagsverständnis am stärksten abweichende Integrationskonzept der autopoietischen Systemtheorie auf die Massenmedien bezogen wird. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird die gesellschaftsweite Verknüpfung von Kommunikationen durch massenmediale Angebote an Themenrepertoires und Zurechnungsmodellen untersucht. Dabei wird die Tatsache hervorgehoben, dass die Massenkommunikation weitere Kommunikationen strukturieren kann, und zwar einerseits durch Themen und entsprechende Beitragshierarchien und andererseits durch das Vorführen wiederkehrender Muster von Bewertungsvorgängen und typischer Ablaufstrukturen sozialer Situationen. (ICI2)

Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, welche Funktionen Weltorganisationen in der Diffusion und Implementation der Internationalen Klassifikation für Funktionsfähigkeit, Behinderung und Gesundheit (ICF) erfüllen. Ausgehend von dem in der Organisationssoziologie verankerten Neoinstitutionalismus wird untersucht, wie insbesondere die Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) in Kooperation mit der International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (ISPRM) aufgrund ihrer Expertise und ihres humanitären Mandats in der Rehabilitationsmedizin die Durchsetzung der ICF begünstigen. Der Beitrag gliedert sich in 5 Abschnitte. In einem ersten Schritt wird der Entstehungskontext der ICF erläutert (1). Daraufhin wird auf die Diffusion der ICF in den verschiedenen Anwendungsfeldern eingegangen (2), bevor die Funktionen von Weltorganisationen (3) für diesen Prozess behandelt werden (4). Das Bemühen der WHO und der ISPRM um die Diffusion und Implementation der ICF wird anhand des Anwendungsbeispiels der Rehabilitationsmedizin überprüft (5). Dabei wurde gezeigt, dass durch inter-organisationale Kooperation die Ausbreitung und formale Anwendung der ICF verbessert wurde, dass dies aber nicht zwangsläufig die erwartbaren positiven Effekte zeitigte sowie Entkopplungsprozesse bei der Implementation der ICF zu beobachten waren. (ICB2)

Purpose: EU policy documents and health scholars point out that in order to understand the complexity of modern health systems, as well as to devise appropriate policy responses, considering micro, meso, and macro levels is indispensable. This article aims to develop an analytical framework for how rehabilitation as an interdisciplinary field can be framed in such a three-level framework. Methods: This is a conceptual paper based on recent contributions to the development of a theory of rehabilitation. The paper applies sociological theory to build an analytical framework for a holistic understanding of rehabilitation. Results: Three groups of agents in the field of rehabilitation are identified: individuals with disabilities, professionals, and governmental authorities. The paper systematizes how these agents are positioned and act at micro, meso, and macro levels. In the intersection between the three levels of society and the three groups of actors, a nine-cell table emerges. In the cells of the table, key examples of important social processes to study in the field of disability and rehabilitation are identified. At the micro level, individuals experience a daily life relevant to rehabilitation, professionals ask what works in therapy, and policy authorities promote a strong work ethic. At the meso level, individuals with disabilities act as service user groups, professionals develop organizational designs and the policy authorities ask for cost-effective services. At the macro level, organizations representing people with disabilities lobby, professionals negotiate authorization issues, and the policymaking authorities must identify what can count as just distribution of services. The nine cells of the table are elaborated on by presenting relevant current studies exemplifying each cell. Conclusion: To systematize societal levels and agents involved is to enhance the understanding of rehabilitation as an interdisciplinary field of research. ; Norges forskningsråd: 209748 ; acceptedVersion

Purpose: EU policy documents and health scholars point out that in order to understand the complexity of modern health systems, as well as to devise appropriate policy responses, considering micro, meso, and macro levels is indispensable. This article aims to develop an analytical framework for how rehabilitation as an interdisciplinary field can be framed in such a three-level framework. Methods: This is a conceptual paper based on recent contributions to the development of a theory of rehabilitation. The paper applies sociological theory to build an analytical framework for a holistic understanding of rehabilitation. Results: Three groups of agents in the field of rehabilitation are identified: individuals with disabilities, professionals, and governmental authorities. The paper systematizes how these agents are positioned and act at micro, meso, and macro levels. In the intersection between the three levels of society and the three groups of actors, a nine-cell table emerges. In the cells of the table, key examples of important social processes to study in the field of disability and rehabilitation are identified. At the micro level, individuals experience a daily life relevant to rehabilitation, professionals ask what works in therapy, and policy authorities promote a strong work ethic. At the meso level, individuals with disabilities act as service user groups, professionals develop organizational designs and the policy authorities ask for cost-effective services. At the macro level, organizations representing people with disabilities lobby, professionals negotiate authorization issues, and the policymaking authorities must identify what can count as just distribution of services. The nine cells of the table are elaborated on by presenting relevant current studies exemplifying each cell. Conclusion: To systematize societal levels and agents involved is to enhance the understanding of rehabilitation as an interdisciplinary field of research. Implications for rehabilitation Rehabilitation practice and research must relate to different levels of society and identify different social agents. Service users are not only individuals receiving therapy, but also organized agents influencing the organization of rehabilitation services as well as priorities made at the level of policy development. Both the results produced by health professionals doing a clinical trial and political scientists studying rehabilitation policy disputes will improve when placed in a wide frame of knowledge production. ; acceptedVersion

Abstract Background Disability can be broken down into difficulties in different components of functioning such as impairments and limitations in activities and participation (A&P). Previous studies have produced the seemingly surprising result that persons with severe impairments tend to report high quality of life (QoL) including perceived health regardless of their condition; the so-called "disability paradox". We aim to study the role of contextual factors (i.e. the personal and environmental situation) in explaining the disability paradox. Methods The Swiss Health Survey provides information on the perceived health of 18,760 participants from the general population. We construct a conditional independence graph applying random forests and stability selection in order to represent the structure of impairment, A&P limitation, contextual factors, and perceived health. Results We find that impairment and A&P limitations are not directly related but only via a cluster of contextual factors. Similarly, impairment and perceived health are not directly related. On the other hand, perceived health is directly connected with A&P limitations. We hypothesize that contextual factors have a moderating and/or mediating effect on the relationship of impairment, A&P limitations, and perceived health. Conclusion The disability paradox seems to dissolve when contextual factors are put into consideration. Contextual factors may be responsible for some persons with impairments developing A&P limitations and others not. In turn, persons with impairments may only then perceive bad health when they experience A&P limitation. Political interventions at the level of the environment may reduce the number of persons who perceive bad health.

Background Disability can be broken down into difficulties in different components of functioning such as impairments and limitations in activities and participation (A&P). Previous studies have produced the seemingly surprising result that persons with severe impairments tend to report high quality of life (QoL) including perceived health regardless of their condition; the so-called "disability paradox". We aim to study the role of contextual factors (i.e. the personal and environmental situation) in explaining the disability paradox. Methods The Swiss Health Survey provides information on the perceived health of 18,760 participants from the general population. We construct a conditional independence graph applying random forests and stability selection in order to represent the structure of impairment, A&P limitation, contextual factors, and perceived health. Results We find that impairment and A&P limitations are not directly related but only via a cluster of contextual factors. Similarly, impairment and perceived health are not directly related. On the other hand, perceived health is directly connected with A&P limitations. We hypothesize that contextual factors have a moderating and/or mediating effect on the relationship of impairment, A&P limitations, and perceived health. Conclusion The disability paradox seems to dissolve when contextual factors are put into consideration. Contextual factors may be responsible for some persons with impairments developing A&P limitations and others not. In turn, persons with impairments may only then perceive bad health when they experience A&P limitation. Political interventions at the level of the environment may reduce the number of persons who perceive bad health. ; ISSN:1471-2458