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New ways of understanding the brain - its nature, its capacities, its function, and its dysfunction - hold great promise for human wellbeing. Novel therapeutics spurred by this understanding have important roles addressing many clinical conditions, including Alzheimer Disease, depression, addiction, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. This unique title explores a wide range of groundbreaking sciences and clinical practices for brain-based conditions, including deep brain stimulation, optogenetics, technology-delivered therapies, predictive testing, and new clinical uses of ketamine, cannabis, and other psychoactive substances. An introduction to the imperative to develop new treatments for devastating brain disorders and the state of current therapeutics in psychiatry, addiction, and behavioral disorders is presented, and chapters from leading physician-scientists and neuroethicists outline the clinical and the ethical issues arising in innovation and in the creation of new therapeutics for brain diseases. Written by renowned thought leaders in their fields, the book presents tightly written contributions on novel qualitative and quantitative data from stakeholders in the field, including neuroscientist-clinicians, people living with mental illness and/or addictions, and oversight/policy stakeholders. Concise, anticipatory, and centered on the principles governing human biomedical research and innovation in developing novel therapeutics for brain disorders, Ethics and Clinical Neuroinnovation will be of great value to clinicians, researchers, and students from a vast array of backgrounds, including neuroethics, neuroscience, psychology, psychiatry, philosophy, entrepreneurship, and the law

With engaging insight, the author deftly reviews the nuances of ethics fundamentals. She then discusses with guest contributors ethical dilemmas and approaches to clinical work with children and youth, veterans, patients from culturally distinct backgrounds, HIV/AIDS patients, those at the end of life, patients living with addictions, and more.

Respect for persons, beneficence, and justice are the principles that collectively form the ethical basis of human research . These three principles find expression in Community-Based Participatory Research for Improved Mental Healthcare, or CBPR `a systematic approach for engaging specially-defined groups of people in a process of inquiry and social change. In the Community-Based Participatory Research, a panel of renowned authors provide a step-by-step approach for conducting CBPR, providing all the conceptual and methodological guidelines needed to implement this important and extremely fruitful research approach. As early career investigators use this mode of collaborative inquiry in the service of society, an exciting and entirely new capacity for ethically sound and more rigorous and consequential science can be built. An indispensable resource that will be of great interest to researchers from a wide array of disciplines, the Community-Based Participatory Research for Improved Mental Healthcare is a major addition to the literature and certain to become the gold standard reference in the field.

Dedication -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I: Restoring and Transforming the Ethical Basis of Modern Clinical Medicine -- 1: An Introduction to the Work and Writings of Mark Siegler -- 1.1 Innovation -- 1.2 This Book -- References -- 2: Clinical Medical Ethics -- 2.1 Before Clinical Medical Ethics -- 2.2 Defining Clinical Medical Ethics -- 2.3 Changing Medicine -- 2.4 Embracing Clinical Medical Ethics -- 2.4.1 Life-Saving and Life-Prolonging Medical Advances -- 2.4.2 Focus on Civil and Human Rights -- 2.4.3 Emergence of Bioethics -- 2.4.4 The MacLean Center for Clinical Medical Ethics -- 2.5 The Bucksbaum Institute for Clinical Excellence -- 2.6 Conclusion -- References -- 3: Empirical Research, Consultation, and Training in Medical Ethics -- References -- 4: The University of Chicago and the Work of Mark Siegler in Clinical Medical Ethics -- References -- 5: Revitalizing the Field of Medical Ethics -- 6: Improving the Quality of Health Care for Patients through Clinical Medical Ethics Education -- References -- Part II: Landmark Works on Clinical Medical Ethics by Mark Siegler, M.D. -- 7: Foundational Scholarship -- 7.1 Siegler M (1979) Clinical Ethics and Clinical Medicine. Arch Intern Med 139:914-5 -- 7.2 Siegler M (1982) Decision-Making Strategy for Clinical Ethical Problems in Medicine. Arch Intern Med 142:2178-9 -- 7.3 La Puma J, Stocking CB, Silverstein MD, DiMartini A, Siegler M (1988) An Ethics Consultation Service in a Teaching Hospital. Utilization and Evaluation. JAMA 260:808-11 -- 7.4 Siegler M, Pellegrino ED, Singer PA (1990) Clinical Medical Ethics. J Clin Ethics 1:5-9 -- 7.5 Singer PA, Pellegrino ED, Siegler M (1990) Ethics Committees and Consultants. J Clin Ethics 1:263-7 -- 7.6 Pellegrino ED, Siegler M, Singer PA (1991) Future Directions in Clinical Ethics. J Clin Ethics 2:5-9

This study assessed mothers' perspectives regarding research involvement by their children, factors that might affect perceptions of research risks, and attitudes regarding willingness to enroll children in research. Participants completed a survey on Amazon Mechanical Turk. Mothers were less inclined to enroll children in research involving procedures posing higher risk (regression coefficient = −0.51). Mothers without mental health issues with children without health issues were more sensitive to risk than mothers without mental health issues with children with health issues (estimated difference = 0.49). Mothers with mental health issues were more willing than mothers without mental health issues to enroll children in research (regression coefficient = −0.90). Among mothers with mental health issues, having a child with a health issue was associated with increased willingness to enroll in research, compared with having children without health issues (estimated difference = 0.65).

In this study, participants with a self-reported history of depression, diabetes, or no illness underwent a simulated informed consent process for a hypothetical genetic study related to depression or diabetes. Participants completed a survey assessing their perceived understanding of the research process, perceptions of its risks and benefits, their satisfaction with the informed consent process, and their readiness to make a hypothetical enrollment decision. All participants indicated strong readiness to make an enrollment decision regarding the research characterized in the simulation. Participants reported understanding the consent process relatively well and being generally satisfied with it. Greater concerns were expressed regarding psychosocial risks than biological risks for genetic studies on mental disorders. Our study documented positive attitudes toward volunteering for research that involved the collection of genetic data.

Ethics, Professionalism, and the Field of Mental Health : An Overview / Laura Weiss Roberts, Max Kasun, Gabriel Termuehlen -- Ethics in the Mental Health Professions / Laura Weiss Roberts, Max Kasun, Gabriel Termuehlen -- Core Concepts in Ethics and Professionalism -- Ethics and Professionalism in Clinical Care -- Ethics and Professionalism in Medical Research -- Ethics and Professionalism in Interactions With Colleagues and Trainees -- Ethics and Professionalism Questions for Review.

This unique title richly tells the stories of partnership and collaboration. The narrative voice of each chapter derives from the people who tell their story -- immigrants, survivors of torture, mental health experts, urban people, rural people, teachers, doctors, attorneys, students and international leaders. These authors provide emotionally powerful tales that move, affect and encourage readers. The collection of narratives is inspired by these individuals, who believe that collaboration can bring authentic mutualism, promise-keeping and innovation to address the hardest problems we face as a world community. Partnerships for Mental Health: Narratives of Community and Academic Collaborationis about the stories of innovation and collaboration occurring between community and academic partners who have undertaken among the very hardest of problems - such as the care of veterans with ravaging posttraumatic stress disorder; the care of homeless individuals with HIV, addiction and mental illness; the care of caregivers for Hispanic family members with Alzheimer's disease; the prevention of illness in impoverished vulnerable youth; and the rescue of profoundly mentally ill earthquake survivors. In addition, this title not only also tells the story of identity formation of early-career physicians with a calling to work with distinct populations for whom suffering and stigma are immense, but also the stories of the special bonds that develop and are strengthened between community members and academic colleagues and ultimately, between friends. A truly indispensable contribution to the literature, this captivating and novel title illustrates and inspires collaboration in order to bring about better health outcomes for people affected by mental health issues in communities throughout the world. Laura Weiss Roberts, MD, MAKatharine Dexter McCormick and Stanley McCormick Memorial Professor and ChairmanStanford University School of MedicineDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Stanford, CA, USADaryn Reicherter, MDClinical Associate ProfessorStanford University School of MedicineDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesStanford, CA, USASteven Adelsheim, MDClinical ProfessorStanford University School of MedicineDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesStanford, CA, USAShashank V. Joshi, MDAssociate Professor and Director of Training in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,Stanford University School of MedicineDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Stanford, CA, USA

ABSTRACTPublic trust in research depends on implementation of research protections. Genetic and psychiatric research may elicit "exceptionalism," the belief that these types of research deserve special protections. Genetic information has been viewed as different from other health information. Psychiatric research has been scrutinized based on concerns about the impact of psychiatric illness on individuals' abilities to make decisions. This study compared four stakeholder groups' attitudes toward research safeguards. Psychiatric genetic researchers and institutional review board chairs received structured surveys. Individuals with mental illness and family members participated in semistructured interviews. Paired sample t‐tests were used to compare mean ratings of importance of safeguard procedures for genetic versus nongenetic research on physical versus mental illnesses. All groups provided higher ratings for the importance of safeguards for genetic research and for mental illness. Individuals with mental illness and family members rated the importance of safeguards more highly than researchers and chairs did. Results of generalized linear models showed significant effects of gender and ethnicity.

Fostering the therapeutic alliance, safeguarding confidentiality, gaining informed consent, and enhancing treatment adherence are critical aspects of patient care. We examined whether multidisciplinary health care providers perceive additional training on these areas as helpful in their work with patients from different ethnic backgrounds than the provider. Data are drawn from a National Institute on Drug Abuse-funded survey of 1555 providers in 8 disciplines in New Mexico and Alaska. Clinicians viewed additional training as moderately helpful for ensuring treatment adherence, establishing the therapeutic alliance, safeguarding confidentiality, and engaging in informed consent processes, in that order. Women were more receptive than men to additional training. Modest differences were detected between behavioral and physical health providers and between minority and majority providers. Implications of providers' only modest interest in such training are discussed.

ABSTRACTResearch participants should be drawn as fairly as possible from the potential volunteer population. Underlying personality traits are underexplored as factors influencing research decision‐making. Dispositional optimism, known to affect coping, physical health, and psychological well‐being, has been minimally studied with respect to research‐related attitudes. We conducted an exploratory, online survey with 151 individuals (with self‐reported mental illness [n = 50], physical illness [n = 51], or neither [n = 50]) recruited via MTurk. We evaluated associations between dispositional optimism (assessed with the Life Orientation Test—Revised) and general research attitudes, perceived protectiveness of five research safeguards, and willingness to participate in research using safeguards. Strongly optimistic respondents expressed more positive research attitudes and perceived four safeguards as more positively influencing willingness to participate. Optimism was positively associated with expressed willingness to participate in clinical research. Our findings add to a limited literature on the influence of individual traits on ethically salient research perspectives.