Suchergebnisse

Si le taoïsme est une religion bien connue, elle reste souvent mal comprise. Nombre d'idées sur le taoïsme et d'idées taoïstes ont circulé en Occident au xixe et xxe siècles, essentiellement au travers de traductions et d'interprétations de textes considérés comme les textes «sacrés » de cette tradition, comme le Livre de la voie et de la vertu (Daode jing) ou le Livre de Maître Zhuang (Zhuangzi), qui ont généré une immense attraction transculturelle et ont été associés à des penseurs aussi divers que Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Emmanuel Kant, Henry David Thoreau, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Aleister Crowley, Martin Buber et Martin Heidegger, et encore des figures littéraires comme Alfred Tennyson et Oscar Wilde. Cet imaginaire occidental du taoïsme a largement influencé notre perception de cette religion jusqu'au milieu du xxe siècle. Il a produit deux taoïsmes, opérant une distinction artificielle entre un taoïsme «pur » (philosophique) et un taoïsme impur (les pratiques religieuses) – un processus similaire à celui qui amena à considérer le bouddhisme comme une philosophie plutôt qu'une religion. Si la recherche moderne a montré qu'une telle division est à la fois fausse et intenable, celle-ci a donné lieu à nombres de confusions quant à la religion chinoise en général et au taoïsme en particulier. Le présent article explore les questions que soulève cette distinction et met en lumière quelques-uns des aspects moins connus de la tradition taoïste et leurs développements historiques, des aspects souvent occultés par un regard biaisé par la lecture de textes comme le Daode jing.

This article reports on the current state of collective migrant organizing for two Indigenous communities in Oaxaca, Mexico. Strained relations between migrant organizations and village authorities combine with small active memberships to limit the level and type of fund-raising in support of village development and governance. These findings highlight the difficulties that communities face to maintain effective translocal institutions over time, particularly as first-generation migrants "retire" and a lack of new arrivals hinders organizational renewal.

Common-property regimes owned and governed by predominantly indigenous communities are widespread in the Mexican state of Oaxaca. The traditional governance systems of these communities are under strain because of transnational migration, which reduces the number of resident adults available to assume public offices and contribute labor to community projects. A study of responses to this situation in two such communities identified adaptations including the establishment of hometown associations in migrant communities in the United States and the requirement that migrants hire substitutes to fulfill their obligations in the home community. Given shifts in migration patterns and migrant profiles, however, these adaptations have so far been insufficient to relieve the stress on governance institutions, and this has implications for community identity and governance in the future. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Inc., copyright holder.]

Common-property regimes owned and governed by predominantly indigenous communities are widespread in the Mexican state of Oaxaca. The traditional governance systems of these communities are under strain because of transnational migration, which reduces the number of resident adults available to assume public offices and contribute labor to community projects. A study of responses to this situation in two such communities identified adaptations including the establishment of hometown associations in migrant communities in the United States and the requirement that migrants hire substitutes to fulfill their obligations in the home community. Given shifts in migration patterns and migrant profiles, however, these adaptations have so far been insufficient to relieve the stress on governance institutions, and this has implications for community identity and governance in the future. Regímenes de propiedad comunitaria en donde los propietarios y gobernantes son las comunidades indígenas son comunes en el estado mexicano de Oaxaca. En la actualidad las estructuras tradicionales de gobernación de estas comunidades sufren bajo la tensión causada por la migración trasnacional, la cual reduce el número de residentes adultos disponibles para asumir cargos públicos y prestar mano de obra para proyectos de la comunidad. Un estudio de las respuestas a esta situación en dos de esas comunidades identificó adaptaciones que incluyen el establecimiento de asociaciones de tierra de origen en las comunidades de migrantes en los Estados Unidos y el requerimiento de contratar a suplentes que cumplan las obligaciones de los migrantes en sus comunidades de origen. Sin embargo, dados los cambios en el modelo migratorio y el perfil del migrante, estas adaptaciones han sido hasta el momento insuficientes para aliviar la tensión en las instituciones de gobierno, lo cual tiene implicaciones para el futuro de la identidad y gobernación comunitarias.

This article explores changing national widening participation (WP) policy and responses from Higher Education institutions (HEIs) from a cross-national perspective. Specifically, the use of contextualised admissions and the provision of foundation year programmes in selective universities in Ireland and England are the key foci of interest. Using data gathered from WP students in two selective universities in Ireland and England, we explore how student characteristics differ according to the WP route undertaken. In an attempt to generate more knowledge of how HEIs enact WP policy, we draw on interviews conducted with staff involved in admission decision-making to explore how those with responsibility for admission within each institutional context perceive the WP pathways and their aims. The findings highlight how important it is for selective universities to adopt multiple WP pathways given that the use of contextualised admission and the provision of foundation years attract quite diverse student intakes. In both contexts, those entering through foundation years have experienced greater levels of disadvantage in terms of family history of education and family occupation compared to their contextualised admission counterparts. The qualitative findings reveal that those with responsibility for admission perceive the WP admission routes in different ways, highlighting a clash between institutional culture and the goals of WP.

Out-migration might decrease the pressure of population on the environment, but what happens to the communities that manage the local environment when they are weakened by the absence of their members? In an era where community-based natural resource management has emerged as a key hope for sustainable development, this is a crucial question. Building on over a decade of empirical work conducted in Oaxaca, Mexico, Communities Surviving Migration identifies how out-migration can impact rural communities in strongholds of biocultural diversity. It reflects on the possibilities of community self-governance and survival in the likely future of limited additional migration and steady - but low - rural populations, and what different scenarios imply for environmental governance and biodiversity conservation. In this way, the book adds a critical cultural component to the understanding of migration-environment linkages, specifically with respect to environmental change in migrant-sending regions. Responding to the call for more detailed analyses and reporting on migration and environmental change, especially in contexts where rural communities, livelihoods and biodiversity are interconnected, this volume will be of interest to students and scholars of environmental migration, development studies, population geography, and Latin American studies.

Machine generated contents note: -- Foreword: The Book and Its Author (Stephen Halliwell, University of St Andrews, UK) -- Foreword: The Book and its Influence (Mark Masterson, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, and James Robson, Open University, UK) Preface -- Abbreviations I PROBLEMS, SOURCES AND METHODS -- 1 Scale -- 2 The Visual Arts -- 3 Literature -- 4 Vocabulary II THE PROSECUTION OF TIMARKHOS -- A The Law -- 1 Male Prostitution -- 2 Penalties -- 3 Status -- 4 Hubris -- B Manifestations of Eros -- 1 Defences against a Charge of Prostitution -- 2 Eros and Desire -- 3 Eros and Love -- 4 Following and Fighting -- 5 Homosexual Poetry -- C Nature and Society -- 1 Natura/Impulse -- 2 Male and Female Physique -- 3 Masculine and Feminine Styles -- 4 Pursuit and Flight -- 5 Courtship and Copulation -- 6 Dominant and Subordinate Roles III SPECIAL ASPECTS AND DEVELOPMENTS -- A Publicity -- B Predilections and Fantasies -- C Comic Exploitation -- D Philosophical Exploitation -- E Women and Homosexuality IV CHANGES -- A The Dorians -- B Myth and History Postscript, 1989 List of Vases -- Bibliography -- Index of Greek Texts and Documents -- Index of Greek Words -- General Index