Suchergebnisse

The risk assessment approach described in this monograph applies only to essential trace elements (ETEs) involved in human health and not to non-essential elements. The purpose of this monograph is to provide the scientific principles that support the concept of an ''acceptable range of oral intake'' (AROI), which uses a ''homeostatic model'' for determining the range of dietary intakes for essential trace elements (ETEs) that meet the nutritional requirements of a healthy population and avoid excess intakes. To facilitate comparisons, AROIs are discussed in relation to other risk assessment a

1 3-Butadiene is a product of incomplete combustion resulting from natural processes and human activity. It is also an industrial chemical used primarily in the production of polymers. It enters the environment from exhaust emissions from gasoline and diesel-powered vehicles from non-transportation fuel combustion from biomass combustion and from industrial on-site uses. The highest atmospheric concentrations have been measured in air in cities and close to industrial sources. In this volume the risks to human health and the environment of this chemical are assessed. The general population is

In this volume are assessed the risks to human health and the environment of Beryllium found in the earth's crust at an average concentration of approximately 2.8-5.0 mg/kg. Beryllium-containing minerals are processed to beryllium metal beryllium alloys and beryllium oxide for use in aerospace weapons nuclear and electronics industries. The general population is exposed to beryllium primarily in food and drinking-water with smaller contributions from air and incidental ingestion of dust. There are no human studies addressing the toxicokinetics of beryllium or beryllium compounds; however beryl

This substance was assessed for potential effects of indirect exposure in the general environment on human health as well as environmental effects. Occupational exposure was not addressed. N N-Dimethylformamide is an organic solvent produced in large quantities throughout the world. It is used in the chemical industry as a solvent an intermediate and an additive. DMF is readily absorbed following oral dermal or inhalation exposure. The liver is the target organ for the toxicity of DMF in humans. There is no convincing consistent evidence of increase in tumours at any site associated with expos

This book evaluates the risk to human health and the environment posed by exposures to fluorides. It is widely known that fluoride has both positive and negative effects on human health and there is a narrow range between intakes that are associated with

In this volume are assessed the risks to human health and the environment of Vanadium a soft silvery-grey metal that can exist in a number of different oxidation states. The most common commercial form is vanadium pentoxide and this exists in the pentavalent state as a yellow-red or green crystalline powder. It is mined in South Africa Russia and China and is also produced by solvent extraction from uranium ores. About 90% of the approximately 64 000 tons of vanadium that are emitted to the atmosphere each year from both natural and anthropogenic sources comes from oil combustion. Irritation o