Suchergebnisse

Biography Carles Bas i Peired of Scientia Marina 76(3) 2012.-- 4 pages, 3 photographs ; [.] The biography of a person is often linked to that of other people, and Bas talks with respect as a person and professional about Tomàs, an old fisherman from Blanes. During their long conversations, Bas linked science and popular knowledge, and what is more important, learned to recognize the technical concepts of fisheries and the importance of being in the field and on board. Bas concluded this period with a trip along the whole Catalan coast. The result of this trip was a classic and fundamental book for understanding fisheries in Catalonia, La Pesca en España. I Cataluña (Patronato Juan de la Cierva, CSIC. 1955), which he wrote with his colleagues of the time, Manuel Rubió and Enrique Morales. [.] In 1962 he moved to the Institute of Fisheries Research (Instituto de Investigaciones Pesqueras, IIP), where he coincided with Bonaventura Andreu and Ramon Margalef. At the Institute he also met Fernando Lozano from the Spanish Institute of Oceanography (Instituto Español de Oceanografía, IEO), with whom he undertook a project in which fisheries and environment were considered together for the first time. [.] We should mention a series of positions and responsibilities that Bas undertook over two decades. I highlight here some of the most important: he was vice-president and president of the Marine Resources Committee of the Food and Agriculture Organisation - General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (FAO-GFCM) (1962-1964 and 1972), vice-president and president of the Catalan Society of Biology (1973-1979), special commissioner of UNESCO in Mauritania, Encomienda de la Orden del Mérito Civil (1973), president of the Scientific Advisory Council of International Commission for South East Atlantic Fisheries (1977), president of the National Centre of Fisheries Research (1980), winner of a medal in the Fisheries Award of the Catalan Government (1990), special commissioner in Uruguay for the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO and the United Nations Development Programme (1990), honorary rector of the Aulas del Mar of the University of Murcia and honorary doctor of the University of Las Palmas of Gran Canaria (2005). [.] Bas has been an active scientist: one of field research, management, organisation and education. He taught us that understanding fisheries means going to the level of the fishing vessels, the field, the fishermen, the fish market. All this results in a systematic education that includes the environment, economy and sociology for the understanding of the system [.] ; Peer reviewed

11 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables ; [EN] We present a simulation bioeconomic model based on an age-structured population biological sub-model and an economic sub-model with vessel-specific dynamics, applied to two red shrimp (Aristeus antennatus) stocks in the NW Mediterranean. The model is dynamic, the economic sub-model is disaggregated at the level of vessel and the two sub-models are linked by means of a fishing mortality vector. We analyzed the projection of selected indicators (catches, overall profits, fishing mortality and spawning stock biomass) for the target species of the deep-water trawl fishery in the NW Mediterranean, red shrimp. We built three alternative management scenarios based on input control and we examined the performance of these management strategies against the current management policies. The three alternative management strategies were: i) increase the cost of effort by eliminating the fuel tax exemption currently in place, ii) limit the nominal effort level (days at sea) to current levels, in order to offset the increasing trend observed in the last decade, and iii) change the selectivity patterns of the trawl by increasing mesh size. Our results show that for the two stocks analyzed, any of the three management measures (input controls) would be beneficial both to the stock and the fleets (over the medium and long terms) when compared with the projections over time of the status quo. Improving the selectivity of the fishing gear is more beneficial than limiting nominal effort or increasing the cost of effort. Comparing the performance of the management strategies on two stocks, one heavily fished and the other moderately so, we show that none of these management measures is able to substantially redress the situation of a heavily fished stock, implying that for the full recovery of heavily fished red shrimp stocks, we need to contemplate even stricter measures of management. © EDP Sciences, IFREMER, IRD 2006 ; [FR] Nous présentons un modèle de simulation bioéconomique, basé sur un sous-modèle d'une population structurée en âge et d'un sous-modèle économique d'une flottille spécifique, appliqué à deux stocks de crevettes rouges ou « gambas » (Aristeus antennatus) du nord-ouest de la Méditerranée. Le modèle est dynamique, le sous-modèle économique est individualisé au niveau du chalutier, et les deux sous-modèles sont liés par l'intermédiaire de la mortalité par pêche. Nous analysons la projection des indicateurs sélectionnés (captures, profits, mortalité par pêche et biomasse du stock de géniteurs) pour ces crevettes, espèces-cibles de la pêche chalutière profonde du nord-ouest de la Méditerranée. Nous avons construit 3 scénarios possibles de gestion, basés sur le contrôle des gains et nous examinons leur performance par rapport aux politiques courantes de gestion. Les trois stratégies alternatives de gestion sont : 1) augmenter le coût de l'effort de pêche, en supprimant l'exemption de la taxe de gasoil, actuellement en vigueur ; 2) limiter le niveau d'effort nominal (nombre de jours de mer) dans le but de compenser la tendance à l'augmentation, observée depuis dix ans, et 3) changer la configuration de sélectivité du chalut, en augmentant la taille des mailles. Nos résultats montrent que pour les deux stocks analysés, aucune de ces trois mesures de gestion (contrôle des gains) ne serait bénéfique, à la fois pour le stock et pour la flottille (sur le long- et le moyen terme) lorsqu'elles sont comparées aux projections dans le temps du statu quo. Améliorer la sélectivité de l'engin de pêche est plus avantageux que le fait de limiter l'effort nominal ou d'augmenter le coût de l'effort de pêche. En comparant les performances des stratégies de gestion sur deux stocks, l'un lourdement exploité, et l'autre plus modérement, nous montrons qu'aucune des ces mesures n'est capable de redresser la situation, de façon substantielle, d'un stock intensément exploité, ce qui implique que des mesures plus strictes doivent être envisagées pour la reconstitution complète de ces stocks de crevettes rouges. © EDP Sciences, IFREMER, IRD 2006 ; This study was partly funded by the European Commission through research projects COCTEL (ref. EC DG XIV Copemed-FAO C97/018) and BEMMFISH (ref. EC Q5RS-2001-01533) ; Peer Reviewed

Este artículo contiene 6 páginas, 6 figuras, 4 tablas. ; [EN]The deep-sea red shrimp Aristeus antennatus is one of the most valuable demersal resources in Catalonia (northeast Spain), and Palamós is the most important harbour for this fishery in the area. Here, a management plan published in 2013 established the use of a 40-mm square-mesh codend (40s), replacing the previously used 50-mm diamond mesh codend (50d). The objective was to decrease the amount of juveniles in the catches, but the regulation did not bring the expected results. In this study, we measured and compared the selectivity of the 40s and the 50d in this fishery. In addition, we experimented with the use of a 50-mm square-mesh codend (50s). According to our results, the 40s had a lower 50% selection length (L50) than the 50d, while the 50s had a substantially higher L50 than the other two. A transition analysis showed an increase in yield per recruit after the second year from a hypothetical implementation of the 50s. Our conclusion is that the 40s does not have a higher selectivity than the 50d, which (at least partially) explains the failure to reach the management objective in Palamós. Conversely, the use of a 50s would significantly benefit the fishery, increasing gear selectivity and yield per recruit.[ES]La gamba roja, Aristeus antennatus, es uno de los recursos demersales más valorados en Cataluña (noreste de España). Palamós es el puerto pesquero más importante para esta pesquería en la región. Una orden ministerial regulatoria y específica para este puerto, publicada en 2013, estableció la utilización de un copo de malla cuadrada con abertura mínima de 40 mm (40s), reemplazando el copo de malla romboidal de 50 mm (50d) utilizado hasta la fecha. El objetivo era disminuir la cantidad de juveniles en la captura, pero la regulación no consiguió los resultados esperados. En el presente estudio, se midió y comparó la selectividad del copo de 50d y 40s en esta pesquería. Además, se experimentó el uso de una malla cuadrada de 50 mm (50s). Los resultados mostraron que el copo de 40s presentaba una talla de retención del 50% (L50) menor comparado con el copo de 50d, mientras que el de 50s tenía una L50 considerablemente mayor que los demás copos. El análisis de transición mostró un aumento del rendimiento por recluta (Y/R) después del segundo año desde la hipotética implementación del copo de 50s. Nuestra conclusión es que el copo de 40s no tiene una selectividad mayor que el copo de 50d, explicando (por lo menos en parte) la falta de consecución de los objetivos de gestión en la pesquería de gamba de Palamós. En cambio, el copo de 50s mejoraría significativamente a la pesquería, aumentando la selectividad del arte y el Y/R. ; We are grateful for the financial support of the EC Programme Science in Society EC FP7 (ref. 266544-GAP2), the CONECTA research project (ref. CTM2014-54648-C2-1-R) funded by the Spanish Government, the FPU grant of the Spanish Ministry of Education and the Marine Stewardship Council. ; Peer reviewed

Aguzzi, Ernesto . et al. -- 52 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables.-- 50th Year Anniversary Edition ; All marine species studied thus far show rhythmic temporal patterns in their behavioural, physiological, and molecular functions, which are collectively known as biological rhythms. Biological rhythms are generated by biological clocks that time biological functions and are synchronised by geophysical cycles such as the solar light-dark cycle and tidal cycle. On continental margins, behavioural rhythms can be detected by diel (i.e., 24-h based) or seasonal periodical trawling as a consequence of massive inward and outward displacements of populations to and from the sample areas. As a result, significant errors in population/stock and biodiversity assessments performed by trawling may occur if timing of sampling is not taken into account. The increasing number of cabled and permanent multiparametric seafloor observatories now allows direct, continuous, and long-lasting monitoring of benthic ecosystems and analysis in relation to several habitat cycles. This review describes the adaptation of this technology to investigations of rhythmic behaviour by focusing on automated video-imaging. Diel fluctuations in the number of video-observed individuals can be used as a measure of average population rhythmic behaviour. The potential implementation of automated video image analysis in relation to animal tracking and classification procedures based on the combined use of morphometric tools and multivariate statistics is detailed in relation to populational and community studies. Based on video cameras mounted at multiparametric cabled observatories, an integrated time-series analysis protocol using chrono-biomedical procedures is proposed to place video-recorded bio-information in an oceanographic context ; The present work was developed within the framework of five research projects funded by the Spanish Ministry for Science and Innovation (PROMETEO, ref. CTM 2007-66316-C02-02; RITFIM, ref. CTM2010-16274; Operatividad Laboratorio Submarino OB SEA ref. ACI2009-0983; DOS MARES, ref. CTM2010-21810-C03-03; and finally GRACCIE-CONSOL IDER INGENIO 2010, ref. CSD2007-00067) and the Italian Ministry of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Politics-MIPAAF (HighVision, DM 19177/7303/08). The E.U.-funded HERMIONE (ref. 226354-HERMIONE), EMSO-PP (grant agreement no. 211816), the KM3NeT-PP (grant agreement no. 212525), and finally the PERSEUS (CE, VII PM, Grant Agreement no: 287600) RTD projects of the VII Framework Programmes should be equally acknowledged along with the CRG Marine Geosciences (grant 2009 SGR 1305) at the University of Barcelona (Generalitat of Catalunya). Jacopo Aguzzi is a postdoctoral fellow of the Ramón y Cajal Program (MICINN) ; Peer reviewed