Suchergebnisse

In the context of international migration from African countries to Europe, the EU widely applies the strategy of curbing irregular migration. EU efforts focus on combating the root causes of migration and flight as well as achieving African compliance on return and re-admission. This approach ignores the interests of the countries of origin. It also undermines what countries of origin do to deal with migration in their own states. In West Africa, the regional organisation ECOWAS strongly promotes migration management, and introduced the 2008 ECOWAS Common Approach on Migration with guidelines for migration governance in the region. Ghana, as one of the first ECOWAS member states, adopted a National Migration Policy (NMP) in 2016. The country has a long history of migration, has experienced different migration trends and is affected by various streams of migration. As little is known about the country's policy responses to migration, this study investigates migration policy-making in Ghana. It specifically examines the case of the NMP for Ghana and aims at uncovering stakeholder involvement in the policy-making process as well as its determinants. Guided by an analytical framework derived from theoretical considerations of the advocacy coalition framework, the interconnection of institutions, actors and ideas and an extensive literature review, the study uses a qualitative approach. The results are based on 14 weeks of field research in Ghana in which 40 experts were interviewed. Together with an analysis of a plethora of secondary data the study finds that when deciding to get involved in the policy-making process for the NMP for Ghana, stakeholders tend to be led by their interests and the resources they possess, as these are what their power is based on. The research further reveals that the NMP does not primarily address a perceived problem related to migration within Ghana, that is to say the internal migration flows from deprived to less deprived areas. Rather it largely pursues the interests of the EU, who is the main financer of the policy, to foster migration control. The results of the study therefore suggest that in the policy formulation process for Ghana's NMP, internal interests were outweighed by the external agenda of the EU.

In the context of international migration from African countries to Europe, the EU widely applies the strategy of curbing irregular migration. EU efforts focus on combating the root causes of migration and flight as well as achieving African compliance on return and re-admission. This approach ignores the interests of the countries of origin. It also undermines what countries of origin do to deal with migration in their own states. In West Africa, the regional organisation ECOWAS strongly promotes migration management, and introduced the 2008 ECOWAS Common Approach on Migration with guidelines for migration governance in the region. Ghana, as one of the first ECOWAS member states, adopted a National Migration Policy (NMP) in 2016. The country has a long history of migration, has experienced different migration trends and is affected by various streams of migration. As little is known about the country's policy responses to migration, this study investigates migration policy-making in Ghana. It specifically examines the case of the NMP for Ghana and aims at uncovering stakeholder involvement in the policy-making process as well as its determinants. Guided by an analytical framework derived from theoretical considerations of the advocacy coalition framework, the interconnection of institutions, actors and ideas and an extensive literature review, the study uses a qualitative approach. The results are based on 14 weeks of field research in Ghana in which 40 experts were interviewed. Together with an analysis of a plethora of secondary data the study finds that when deciding to get involved in the policy-making process for the NMP for Ghana, stakeholders tend to be led by their interests and the resources they possess, as these are what their power is based on. The research further reveals that the NMP does not primarily address a perceived problem related to migration within Ghana, that is to say the internal migration flows from deprived to less deprived areas. Rather it largely pursues the interests of the EU, who is the main financer of the policy, to foster migration control. The results of the study therefore suggest that in the policy formulation process for Ghana's NMP, internal interests were outweighed by the external agenda of the EU.

The nexus of violent conflict and forced migration has received continuous scholarly attention since the 1980s, but what are the focus areas and key strands in these research debates? Based on a semi-systematic review of research published between 1980 and 2020, this article examines debates about conflict, displacement, and peace. The review leads to the identification of three main strands that are closely connected: the structural links outlining how conflicts contribute to displacements; the various prevailing risks of violence; and the individual and collective strategies of displaced people to cope with dangers and experiences especially in host countries and regions. Despite this broad and still-growing body of literature, peace is found to have been insufficiently addressed in debates thus far. Only few studies attend to peace, and they mainly connect it to return to places of origin, peace(building) education by aid actors, or partly displaced people being potential destabilisers of peace processes. Hence, the roles of peace and displaced people's practices to support peace constitute key areas requiring further research going forwards.

In the context of international migration from African countries to Europe, the EU widely applies the strategy of curbing irregular migration. EU efforts focus on combating the root causes of migration and flight as well as achieving African compliance on return and re-admission. This approach ignores the interests of the countries of origin. It also undermines what countries of origin do to deal with migration in their own states. In West Africa, the regional organisation ECOWAS strongly promotes migration management, and introduced the 2008 ECOWAS Common Approach on Migration with guidelines for migration governance in the region. Ghana, as one of the first ECOWAS member states, adopted a National Migration Policy (NMP) in 2016. The country has a long history of migration, has experienced different migration trends and is affected by various streams of migration. As little is known about the country's policy responses to migration, this study investigates migration policy-making in Ghana. It specifically examines the case of the NMP for Ghana and aims at uncovering stakeholder involvement in the policy-making process as well as its determinants. Guided by an analytical framework derived from theoretical considerations of the advocacy coalition framework, the interconnection of institutions, actors and ideas and an extensive literature review, the study uses a qualitative approach. The results are based on 14 weeks of field research in Ghana in which 40 experts were interviewed. Together with an analysis of a plethora of secondary data the study finds that when deciding to get involved in the policy-making process for the NMP for Ghana, stakeholders tend to be led by their interests and the resources they possess, as these are what their power is based on. The research further reveals that the NMP does not primarily address a perceived problem related to migration within Ghana, that is to say the internal migration flows from deprived to less deprived areas. Rather it largely pursues the interests of the EU, who is the main financer of the policy, to foster migration control. The results of the study therefore suggest that in the policy formulation process for Ghana's NMP, internal interests were outweighed by the external agenda of the EU.

How has the COVID-19 pandemic affected refugees and their protection? To respond to this question, we conducted a study using a qualitative questionnaire in six countries in East Africa, Southern Africa and West Africa, namely Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda and Zimbabwe. In this paper, we explore the information provided by the 90 respondents and focus on three main areas. We first address vulnerable groups and the new, additional and prolonged challenges, as well as potential tensions among refugees and between refugees and host communities due to the pandemic. We then turn to refugee protection by regional, state and humanitarian actors and the influence of donors during the pandemic, showing that aid has been strongly limited. Moreover, we argue in the third part of the paper that refugees represent important actors; refugee-led community-based responses are highly relevant for the people across the six countries for delivering material and immaterial assistance and also mitigating tensions and contributing to peaceful environments.

Janga la sasa la COVID-19 linaathiri watu wote kote ulimwenguni lakini wale walio katika nafasi za hatari, ikiwemo wakimbizi na watu waliohamishwa, wanaweza kuwa katika hatari zaidi. Katika somo la karibuni, tuliangalia ambavyo janga la COVID-19 liliathiri wakimbizi na ulinzi wa kikimbizi katika nchi sita katika Afrika Magharibi, Afrika Mashariki na Afrika Kusini, kwa majina Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Afrika Kusini, Uganda, na Zimbabwe, katika mwaka wa kwanza wa janga na mpaka pia February 2021. Kwa kutumia dodoso lisilio la uwakilishi, tulitaka kupata yaliomo ndani katika mitazamo ya watu walio na mandhari nyuma ya kikimbizi, wasomi, wafanyakazi wa serekali na watendaji wa misaada wanaofanya na au kwa wakimbizi. Jumla ya 90 waliohojiwa walijaza dodoso.

Cutar ta COVID-19 na yanzu tana shafar duk mutane a duk duniya amma waɗanda ke cikin matsayi na musamman, gami da 'yan gudun hijira da mutanen da suka rasa matsugunai, na iya fuskantar haɗari mafi girma. A cikin wani bincike na baya-bayan nan, mun gano yadda cutar ta COVID-19 ta shafi 'yan gudun hijira da kare 'yan gudun hijira a kasashe shida a yammacin Afirka, Gabashin Afirka da Kudancin Afirka, wato Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Afirka ta Kudu, Uganda, da Zimbabwe, a lokacin farko. shekarar cutar har zuwa Fabrairu 2021. Yin amfani da tambayoyin da ba na wakilci ba, muna neman samun fahimtar ra'ayoyin mutanen da suka fito daga 'yan gudun hijira, malamai, jami'an gwamnati da masu aikin agaji da ke aiki tare da kuma ga 'yan gudun hijira. Jimillar masu amsawa 90 ne suka cika a cikin takardar.

La pandémie actuelle de COVID-19 affecte toutes les personnes à travers le monde, mais celles qui sont particulièrement vulnérables, y compris les réfugiés et les personnes déplacées, peuvent être exposées à des risques plus importants. Dans une étude récente, nous explorons comment la pandémie de COVID-19 a affecté les réfugiés et la protection des réfugiés dans six pays en Afrique de l'Ouest, Afrique de l'Est et Afrique australe, à savoir le Ghana, le Kenya, le Nigeria, l'Afrique du Sud, l'Ouganda, et le Zimbabwe, pendant la première année de la pandémie jusqu'en février 2021 inclus. À l'aide d'un questionnaire non représentatif, nous cherchons à mieux comprendre les perspectives des réfugiés, des experts, des fonctionnaires du gouvernement et des agents humanitaires travaillant avec et pour les réfugiés. Un total de 90 participants ont rempli le questionnaire.

The current COVID-19 pandemic affects all people worldwide but those in particularly vulnerable positions, including refugees and displaced people, may be exposed to greater risks. In a recent study, we explore how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected refugees and refugee protection in six countries in West Africa, East Africa and Southern Africa, namely Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda and Zimbabwe, during the first year of the pandemic up to and including February 2021. Using a non-representative questionnaire, we seek to gain insights into the perspectives of persons of refugee background, scholars, government officials and aid actors working with and for refugees. A total of 90 respondents filled in the questionnaire.

Umkhuhlane wakulezi insuku oweCOVID-19 uhlasela bonke abantu umhlaba wonke jikelele, kodwa kulobungozi kakhulu kulabo abasesimeni esibuthakathaka, okuhlanganisela iziphepheli kanye labantu abangelamakhaya. Kucwayisiso olusanda kuphela, sikhangela ukuthi umkhuhlane weCovid-19 uphambanise kanjani impilo zabantu abayiziphepheli kanye lokuvikeleka kwabo emazweni ayisithupha asentshonalanga, empumalanga kanye lasezansi kwelizwekazi leAfrica. Amazwe lawa ahlanganisela, iGhana, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda leZimbabwe. Ucwayisiso lolu lukhangela kusukela emnyakeni wokuqala wobhubhane lweCovid-19 kuze kufike, njalo kuhlanganisela inyanga kaNhlolanja 2021. Sisebenzise uluhlu lwemibuzo ebantwini abambalwa abakhethiweyo, sifuna ukuzwisisa kabanzi imibono yeziphepheli, izifundiswa, izisebenzi zikahulumende labezenhlanganiso ezisebenza leziphepheli. Inani labantu abaphedule imibuzo lingamatshumi ayisitshiyagalolunye.

Dambudziko ririko mazuva ano echidzihwamupengo (COVID19) rinotambudza munhu wese wese pasirose, asi rinonyanya kushusha avo vari panzvimbo dzagara dzisina kumira zvakanaka, dzinosanganisira vanhu vonotiza munyika dzavo vachindogara mune dzimwe nyika (vapoteri) nevamwe vakatamiswa nenzira dzisiri dzekuda kwavo kubva pamisha yavo. Mudzidzo, kana mutsvakurudzo ichangoitwa, tinotarisa kuvhiringwa kwakaitwa zvinhu nedambudziko rechirwere chedzihwamupengo kuvapoteri uyevo kuzvirongwa zvekuchengetedzwa kwavapoteri kubva munyika nhanhatu dzekuMavirira kweAfrica, dzekuMabvazuva kweAfrica, uyevo dzekuChamhembe kweAfrica dzinoti, Ghana, Kenya, South Africa, Uganda, uyewo ne Zimbabwe, kubvira pagore rekutanga redambudziko iri kusvikira, uye kusanganisira mumwedzi waKukadzi wa2021. Tichishandisa mivhunzo isina wayakananga chaiye, tinovavarira kuwana miono yavanhu vanobva, kana kuti vanorarama hupenyu hweupoteri, vadzidzi, makurukota ehurumende, uyevo vanoshanda nezvekubatsira uye kushanda nevapoteri. Vanhu vanosvika makumi mapfumbamamwe (90) vakapindura mivhunzo iyi.

Faafida Caabuqa-19 ee hadda jirta waxay saamaysay dhammaan dadka dunida oo dhan laakiin kuwa ku sugan goobaha nugul, oo ay ku jiraan qaxootiga iyo dadka barakacayaasha, ayaa laga yaabaa inay la wajahaan khataro waaweyn. Daraasad dhawaan la sameeyay, waxaan sahminay sida halista Caabuqa-19 uu u saameyay qaxootiga iyo ilaalinta qaxootiga lix waddan oo ku yaal Galbeedka Afrika, Bariga Afrika iyo Koonfurta Afrika, kuwaas oo kala ah Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, koonfur Africa, Uganda, iyo Zimbabwe, intii lagu jiray sanadkii ugu horeeyay ee safmarka iyo ilaa iyo Febraayo 2021. Anagoo isticmaaleyno xoguruurinta aanan la matalin, waxaan raadineynay inaan helno afkaar ku aadan aragtida dadka asal ahaan kasoo jeeda qaxootiga, aqoonyahanada, saraakiisha dowladda iyo howl wadeenada gargaarka ee la shaqeeya iyo qaxootiga. Isu geyn 90 jawaab celiyayaal ah ayaa buuxiyey xog-ururinta.

Infographic about the effects ofthe COVID-19 pandemic on refugees and their protection in Ghana.