Suchergebnisse

In the article conditions and development of Russian pension system in long-term prospect is analyzed. The author reveals the reasons of the Pension fund deficit and argues that tariff policy imbalance is the basic cause, as well as nonparticipation of a considerable part of able-bodied population in payments in the Pension fund, and the fact that a lot of persons receive labour pension ahead of schedule. Possible measures aimed at reaching financial stability of the pension system are offered in the article.

The situation in Ukraine is often interpreted by Western analysts as a conflict that changes the rules of the game in world politics. The article is dedicated to the analyzes of the Ukrainian crisis and stresses the point that Ukrainian conflict's assessments as "game-changer" are largely a consequence of the large-scale investment of political, military and financial resources by Western countries in Ukraine. Western politicians have made such serious bets in recent years (at least since 2014), exaggerating the conflict to the level of an existential conflict against the forces of "absolute evil" or confrontation between "democracy" and "authoritarianism", that they can no longer search for a compromise or, especially, just step aside. As a result, assessments of this kind take on the meaning of self-fulfilling prophecies. And Ukrainian civil war turned to a dangerous regional conflict, so according to this approach and Western states readiness to continue to invest resources in the confrontation with Russia in Ukraine, the duration of the "unipolar moment" in the system of international relations, as well as the parameters of the emerging new world order, really begin to depend on the outcome of the initially peripheral conflict (taking into account the interests of external actors and the parties involved).

According to the results of the presidential 2020 and parliamentary 2021 elections, the period of divided rule in Moldova was completed and control over the parliament, the government and the president was in the hands of supporters of the pro-Western orientation party PAS. They received full power and the opportunity, in the context of turbulence in international relations, to ensure the turn of economic ties, trade flows and public opinion to the West. Nevertheless, as the results of sociological researches show, so far the majority of Moldovan citizens support the sovereignty and neutral status of the country, readiness to cooperate with both Western countries and Russia. Hence the desire of the authorities to put pressure on the opposition and seize full control over the media. The answer to the question of whether the turn to the West, undertaken under the leadership of the President of Moldova M.Sandu, irreversible in character depends on a number of factors, the key among which are the success of the socio-economic development model and the presence of a request in society to join European structures and active interaction with NATO.

In the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a lot was done in the field of educating the population of the Russian Empire and introducing it to reading. The reforms of Alexander II gave an additional impetus to the development of book publishing in the Russian province. This article is devoted to two bright representatives of the intelligentsia, natives of the peasantry of the Upper Volga region, I. A. Golyshev and I. D. Sytin. Evidently, I. D. Sytin stands alone among the representatives of the peasantry of the Kostroma province. He was the greatest pre-revolutionary book publisher of the Russian Empire. A peasant from the settlement of Mstera I. A. Golyshev also made a significant contribution to the book publishing business of Russia, but in the Upper Volga region. Both of them day after day, to the best of their abilities, made everything that depended on them, so that a book, a newspaper, a magazine could become closer to the average citizen and villager. The article demonstrates the desire of I. A. Golyshev and I. D. Sytin to make as many ordinary city and village residents as possible prefer addressing the printed word rather than spending time idly (often abusing alcohol). Thanks to the activities of such ascetic educators (cultural traders), the scope of influence of printed materials on the ordinary population of the Russian Empire has expanded. In general, book publishing and educational activities of the characters of this article did not go beyond the dominant ideology of tsarist Russia, based on the famous triad by S. S. Uvarov — «Orthodoxy — Autocracy — Nationality».

Humanitarian efforts in developing and implementing Russia's foreign policy in the era of globalization are examined, focusing on the role human rights has played in the new world order's formation and the emergence of the concept of "soft power" in geopolitical developments. There is a direct correlation between Russia's national interest and a focus on human security issues such as decent living standards, food security and freedom from the threat of violence. Adapted from the source document.

The author argues that too often Russia comes across as a country whose economy is a kind of raw material and energy appendage to other states, and thus is critically dependent on other economies. As a result, Russian foreign policy capabilities, both direct (projection of influence based on economic power) and indirect (related to political authority and the effectiveness of the prevailing development model) have declined substantially. Russia needs to build a stronger relationship with neighboring members of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). In particular, the country needs to cultivate more soft power in the post-Soviet space, where the European Union and the United States are attempting to crowd out Russia's influence. This can be achieved through more grants and scholarships from Russian foundations to students in the CIS, so that Russia can raise a generation of intelligentsia oriented toward Russia's humanitarian, political and cultural identity and values. K. Cargill