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14 pags., 7 figs., 1 tab. ; Visual simulators are useful tools to provide patients experience of multifocal vision prior to treatment. In this study, commercially available center-near aspheric multifocal contact lenses (MCLs) of low, medium, and high additions were mapped on a spatial light modulator (SLM) and validated on a bench. Through focus visual acuity (TFVA) was measured in subjects through the SLM and real MCLs on the eye. A correlation metric revealed statistically significant shape similarity between TFVA curves with real and simulated MCLs. A Bland-Altman analysis showed differences within confidence intervals of ±0.01 logMAR for LowAdd/MediumAdd and ±0.06 logMAR for HighAdd. Visual performance with simulated MCLs outperformed real MCLs by ∼20%. In conclusion, SLM captures the profile of center-near MCLs and reproduces vision with real MCLs, revealing that the MCL profile and its interactions with the eye's optics (and not fitting aspects) account for the majority of the contributions to visual performance with MCLs ; This research has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program, MyFun under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement to SV, and H2020-MSCA-IF-GF2019-MYOMICRO-893557 to MV, under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement; European Research Council ERC-2019-AdG-833106 H2020 Innovative Action 779960 & Spanish Government FIS2017-84753-R to SM. ; Peer reviewed

17 pags., 9 figs. ; We have measured the ocular transverse chromatic aberration (TCA) in 11 subjects using 2D-two-color Vernier alignment, for two pupil diameters, in a polychromatic adaptive optics (AO) system. TCA measurements were performed for two pupil diameters: for a small pupil (2-mm), referred to as 'optical TCA' (oTCA), and for a large pupil (6-mm), referred to 'perceived TCA' (pTCA). Also, the TCA was measured through both natural aberrations (HOAs) and AO-corrected aberrations. Computer simulations of pTCA incorporated longitudinal chromatic aberration (LCA), the patient's HOAs measured with Hartmann-Shack, and the Stiles-Crawford effect (SCE), measured objectively by laser ray tracing. The oTCA and the simulated pTCA (no aberrations) were shifted nasally 1.20 arcmin and 1.40 arcmin respectively. The experimental pTCA (-0.27 arcmin horizontally and -0.62 vertically) was well predicted (81%) by simulations when both the individual HOAs and SCE were considered. Both HOAs and SCE interact with oTCA, reducing it in magnitude and changing its orientation. The results indicate that estimations of polychromatic image quality should incorporate patient's specific data of HOAs, LCA, TCA & SCE. ; European Research Council (ERC-2011-AdC 294099); H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (H2020 COFUND Marie Curie 291820 program); Spanish Government (FIS2014-56643R, FIS2017-84753R, FPU16/01944, ISCIII DTS16/00127).

ARVO Annual Meeting Abstract (2019) ; Support Spanish Government Grant FIS2014-56643-R Spanish Government Grant FIS2017-84753-R European Project Presbyopia ERC-2011-AdG Ref. 294099 Spanish Government Predoctoral Grant FPU16/01944 ; Peer reviewed

This abstract was presented at the 2019 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Vancouver, Canada, April 28 - May 2, 2019. ; Support Spanish Government Grant FIS2014-56643-R; FIS2017-84753-R; ISCIII DTS16/00127; PTQ-15-07432; CAM IND2017/BMD7670; European Project Presbyopia ERC-2011-AdG 294099 ; Peer reviewed

15 págs.; 7 figs.; 1 tab.; OCIS codes: (260.0260) Physical optics; (330.0330) Vision, color, and visual optics; (330.4875) Optics of physiological systems; (330.5370) Physiological optics; (220.1010) Aberrations (global); (220.1080) Active or adaptive optics. ; © 2015 Optical Society of America. Longitudinal Chromatic Aberration (LCA) influences the optical quality of the eye. However, the reported LCA varies across studies, likely associated to differences in the measurement techniques. We present LCA measured in subjects using wavefront sensing, double-pass retinal images, and psychophysical methods with a custom-developed polychromatic Adaptive Optics system in a wide spectral range (450-950 nm), with control of subjects' natural aberrations. LCA measured psychophysically was significantly higher than that from reflectometric techniques (1.51 D vs 1.00 D in the 488-700 nm range). Ours results indicate that the presence of natural aberrations is not the cause for the discrepancies across techniques. ; This research has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP/2007-2013) / ERC Grant Agreement. [ERC-2011- AdC 294099]. This study was also supported by Spanish Government grant FIS2011-25637 to SM, CSIC JAE-Pre programs & MICINN FPU Predoctoral Fellowship to MV, and CSIC JAE-Tec program to DC. ; Peer Reviewed

This is an abstract that was submitted for the 2018 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Honolulu, Hawaii, April 29 - May 3, 2018 ; Support European Research Council ERC-2011-AdG-294099; Spanish Government FIS2014 ; Peer reviewed

12 pags., 12 figs. ; Multifocal vision corrections are increasingly used solutions for presbyopia. In the current study we have evaluated, optically and psychophysically, the quality provided by multizone radial and angular segmented phase designs. Optical and relative visual quality were evaluated using 8 subjects, testing 6 phase designs. Optical quality was evaluated by means of Visual Strehl-based-metrics (VS). The relative visual quality across designs was obtained through a psychophysical paradigm in which images viewed through 210 pairs of phase patterns were perceptually judged. A custom-developed Adaptive Optics (AO) system, including a Hartmann-Shack sensor and an electromagnetic deformable mirror, to measure and correct the eye¿s aberrations, and a phase-only reflective Spatial Light Modulator, to simulate the phase designs, was developed for this study. The multizone segmented phase designs had 2¿4 zones of progressive power (0 to +3D) in either radial or angular distributions. The response of an ¿ideal observer¿ purely responding on optical grounds to the same psychophysical test performed on subjects was calculated from the VS curves, and compared with the relative visual quality results. Optical and psychophysical pattern-comparison tests showed that while 2-zone segmented designs (angular & radial) provided better performance for far and near vision, 3- and 4-zone segmented angular designs performed better for intermediate vision. AO-correction of natural aberrations of the subjects modified the response for the different subjects but general trends remained. The differences in perceived quality across the different multifocal patterns are, in a large extent, explained by optical factors. AO is an excellent tool to simulate multifocal refractions before they are manufactured or delivered to the patient, and to assess the effects of the native optics to their performance. ; This research has been funded by the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP/2007-2013)/ERC Grant Agreement [ERC-2011-AdC 294099]. This study was also supported by Spanish Government grants FIS2011-25637 & FIS2014-56643-R to SM and CSIC JAE-Pre programs & MICINN FPU Predoctoral Fellowship to MV. ; Peer Reviewed

This is an abstract that was submitted for the 2016 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Seattle, Wash., May 1-5, 2016 ; Support Spanish Government FIS2011-25637, FIS2014-56643 and FPU Programs; European Research Council ERC-2011-AdG-294099; CSIC JAE Predoctoral Program ; Peer reviewed

ARVO Annual Meeting Abstract , June 2020 ; Spanish government grant FIS2017-84753-R, European Project PRESBYOPIA ERC-2011-AdG Ref. 294099, European Project MyFUN H2020MSCA-ITN-2015 Ref. 675137 ; Peer reviewed

Orlando, United States, 4–8 May 2014 ; Longitudinal Chromatic Aberration (LCA) plays an important role on polychromatic optical quality and retinal imaging at different wavelengths. However, the reported LCA varies across studies, likely associated to the different measurement techniques. We present LCA obtained from Hartmann-Shack (HS) wavefront sensing, double-pass (DP), and psychophysical methods in the same subjects ; Spanish Government FIS2008-02065, FIS2011-25637, and FPU Programs; European Research Council ERC-2011-AdG-294099; CSIC JAE Predoctoral Program ; EU Marie Curie FP7-PEOPLE- 2010-ITN #26405 ; Peer Reviewed

11 pags., 7 figs. -- Open Access funded by Creative Commons Atribution Licence 4.0 ; Adaptive optics (AO) visual simulators based on deformable mirrors, spatial light modulators or optotunable lenses are increasingly used to simulate vision through different multifocal lens designs. However, the correspondence of this simulation with that obtained through real intraocular lenses (IOLs) tested on the same eyes has not been, to our knowledge, demonstrated. We compare through-focus (TF) optical and visual quality produced by real multifocal IOLs (M-IOLs) -bifocal refractive and trifocal diffractive- projected on the subiect's eye with those same designs simulated with a spatial light modulator (SLM) or an optotunable lens working in temporal multiplexing mode (SimVis technology). Measurements were performed on 7 cyclopleged subjects using a custom-made multichannel 3-active-optical-elements polychromatic AO Visual Simulator in monochromatic light. The same system was used to demonstrate performance of the real IOLs, SLM and SimVis technology simulations on bench using double-pass imaging on an artificial eye. Results show a general good correspondence between the TF performance with the real and simulated M-IOLs, both optically (on bench) and visually (measured visual acuity in patients). We demonstrate that visual simulations in an AO environment capture to a large extent the individual optical and visual performance obtained with real M-IOLs, both in absolute values and in the shape of through-focus curves. ; Tis research has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP/2007–2013)/ERC Grant Agreement. [ERC-2011-AdC 294099]; the H2020 COFUND Marie Curie 291820 program; ERCPoC SimVis project. Tis study was also supported by Spanish Government grant FIS2014-56643-R to S.M., FIS2017-84753-R to S.M. and C.D., and DTS16-00127 to C.D., and Spanish Government FPU Predoctoral Fellowship (FPU16/01944) to S.A. Authors thank Laura Barrios from the Scientifc Calculus Center of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) for help with the statistical analysis.

11 pags., 1-3 figs., 1 tab. ; PURPOSE: To measure the longitudinal chromatic aberration (LCA) by both psychophysical methods and in vivo double-pass retinal imaging in patients bilaterally implanted with trifocal diffractive intraocular lenses (IOLs). METHODS: Measurements were performed with a polychromatic adaptive optics system provided with a supercontinuum laser, a Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor, a deformable mirror, a motorized Badal system, a pupil monitoring system, a double-pass retinal imaging channel, and a psychophysical channel with monochromatically illuminated stimuli. Ten patients (20 eyes) bilaterally implanted with hydrophilic trifocal diffractive IOLs (POD F [FINeVision]; PhysIOL, Liege, Belgium) participated in the study. Measurements were performed in both eyes at three different viewing distances (0.00, +1.75, and +3.50 diopters [D]). Subjective best focus of monochromatic stimuli at five wavelengths (480 to 700 nm) was obtained using the Badal system. Best focused images of through-focus double-pass image series were obtained at three wavelengths (480 to 700 nm). LCA was computed from chromatic difference of focus curves (objective and subjective) as the difference between 480 and 700 nm at near, intermediate, and far. RESULTS: The average subjective LCA was 0.82 ± 0.05 D for far, 0.27 ± 0.15 D for intermediate, and 0.15 ± 0.15 D for near. The average objective LCA was 0.72 ± 0.10 D for far, 0.19 ± 0.15 D for intermediate, and 0.07 ± 0.17 D for near. CONCLUSIONS: Objective LCA was lower than subjective LCA, which was in agreement with previous studies on patients with phakic and monofocal IOLs. In vivo measurements of LCA enable understanding of the relative contribution of refractive and diffractive LCA and will eventually optimize IOL designs to improve polychromatic image quality. ; Supported by European Research Council ERC-2011-AdG-294099; Spanish Government FIS2014; collaborative agreement with PhysIOL (Liege, Belgium). ; Peer Reviewed

This is an abstract that was submitted for the 2017 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Baltimore, MD, May 7-11, 2017 ; Support European Research Council ERC-2011-AdG-294099; Spanish Government FIS2014; Collaborative agreement with Physiol (Liege, Belgium) ; Peer reviewed

This is an abstract that was submitted for the 2017 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Baltimore, MD, May 7-11, 2017 ; Support The research leading to these results has received funding from Consejería de Educación, Juventud y Deporte of Comunidad de Madrid and the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme ( FP7/2007-2013) under REA grant agreement n°291820 to VA, Spanish Government Grant FIS2014-56643-R and European Research Council (ERC) (ERC-2011-AdG 294099) to SM. ; Peer reviewed

14 pags., 8 figs. -- OCIS codes: (260.0260) Physical optics; (330.0330) Vision, color, and visual optics; (330.4875) Optics of physiological systems; (330.5370) Physiological optics; (220.1010) Aberrations (global); (220.1080) Active or adaptive optics ; Spatial-light-modulators (SLM) are increasingly used as active elements in adaptive optics (AO) systems to simulate optical corrections, in particular multifocal presbyopic corrections. In this study, we compared vision with lathe-manufactured multi-zone (2-4) multifocal, angularly and radially, segmented surfaces and through the same corrections simulated with a SLM in a custom-developed two-active-element AO visual simulator. We found that perceived visual quality measured through real manufactured surfaces and SLM-simulated phase maps corresponded highly. Optical simulations predicted differences in perceived visual quality across different designs at Far distance, but showed some discrepancies at intermediate and near. ; This research has received funding from the European Research Council ERC-2011-AdG- 294099. This study was also supported by Spanish Government grants FIS2014-56643-R to SM, and CSIC JAE Predoctoral Programs & MICINN FPU Predoctoral fellowship to MV. ; Peer Reviewed