Looks can be deceiving, and in a society where one's status and access to opportunity are largely attendant on physical appearance, the issue of how difference is constructed and interpreted, embraced or effaced, is of tremendous import. Lisa Walker examines this issue with a focus on the questions of what it means to look like a lesbian, and what it means to be a lesbian but not to look like one. She analyzes the historical production of the lesbian body as marked, and studies how lesbians have used the frequent analogy between racial difference and sexual orientation to craft, emphasize, or deny physical difference. In particular, she explores the implications of a predominantly visible model of sexual identity for the feminine lesbian, who is both marked and unmarked, desired and disavowed. Walker's textual analysis cuts across a variety of genres, including modernist fiction such as The Well of Loneliness and Wide Sargasso Sea, pulp fiction of the Harlem Renaissance, the 1950s and the 1960s, post-modern literature as Michelle Cliff's Abeng, and queer theory. In the book's final chapter, "How to Recognize a Lesbian," Walker argues that strategies of visibility are at times deconstructed, at times reinscribed within contemporary lesbian-feminist theory
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Abstract Climate change has been called the most boring subject the science world has ever had to present. Despite media stunts such as nude lie-ins to draw attention to the issue, recent polls show that the urgency of public opinion in relation to climate change has waned. This article argues that popular culture such as genre fiction can be an important communicative device in responding to climate change. It examines how a climate change theme can be developed in fiction and why romance and, in particular, romantic comedy, may be a suitable genre to make this issue relevant to the reader by connecting a global issue to its local effects. Climate change poses particular challenges to an author. My novel-in-progress, Melt (2013), is used as a case study of how these challenges may be met.
"Theories of how status characteristics and performance expectations function have developed from the work of many investigators working both collaboratively and independently. The first ideas in this line of work appear in Joseph Berger's (1958) unpublished dissertation (discussed in Chapter 2 here) and early theoretical work was largely developed by Berger, his colleagues, and students. Since that beginning, for several decades now, scholars both connected and unconnected to the original group have used these ideas in many fields: social psychology, organizations, education, gender, ethnic studies, military sociology, and others. The newest research often develops links between ideas of status/expectation processes and other theoretical perspectives, as shown in this volume"--
This edited volume presents research on status generalization in a variety of settings. Throughout, the book illustrates how improved status process interventions can reduce unwanted inequalities between advantaged and disadvantaged students, genders, organizational positions, races, and other dynamics that may be impacted by social status and expectation.
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The goal of the present research is to determine the degree of correspondence between the observed behavior in an experiment and the attitudes expressed in a questionnaire administered after an experiment. To do so, we replicate Driskell and Mullen's study using more data from multiple experiments and conduct more sophisticated analyses. The attitudinal measures are questionnaire items regarding study participants' views of themselves, a partner, and their task performance, measured after interaction. The behavioral measure records the participants' resistance to influence from their partners and is thought to reflect underlying expectations for competence. Using confirmatory factor analysis, we find that there is a strong relationship between attitude and behavior, such that they appear to represent a single construct. Implications of this finding for experimental methodology are discussed in support of more concise approaches.
We examine both gay and straight men's constructions of masculinity using 358 self-descriptive dating profiles from Match.com of "men seeking men" and "men seeking women" in eight southern US metropolitan areas. In addition to the men's specific references to gender and gendered performances, we discuss three broad topics of the men's self-descriptions including personality, leisure, and work. This analysis reveals the ideal characteristics these men used to construct their own masculine identities and masculinity in relation to femininity. Although examples of conformity and nonconformity existed across both gay and straight men, we found that gay men constructed their own identities in keeping with the codes of historically heteronormative masculinities as fluently, and sometimes more so, than straight men. We explore the most prominent nuances between gay and straight men's paths to claiming "masculine capital," straight men's greater leeway to temporarily distance themselves from masculine dominance, and the influence of hierarchies within masculinity on straight and gay men's constructions of femininity.
AbstractIn this article, we outline the evidence regarding the status effects of physical attractiveness, paying particular attention to outcomes in the areas of jobs, crime, performance evaluations, power, health perceptions, and exchange. The framework of status characteristics theory is used to guide our explication. The role of attractiveness in marketing is also discussed. While the literature generally supports the idea that attractiveness is good for people, we also consider evidence that beauty can be detrimental for some individuals in certain situations. Issues of race and gender are also considered as well as future research directions.
Background: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and PSA-velocity (PSAV) have been used to identify men at risk of prostate cancer (PrCa). The IMPACT study is evaluating PSA screening in men with a known genetic predisposition to PrCa due to BRCA1/2 mutations. This analysis evaluates the utility of PSA and PSAV for identifying PrCa and high-grade disease in this cohort. Methods: PSAV was calculated using logistic regression to determine if PSA or PSAV predicted the result of prostate biopsy (PB) in men with elevated PSA values. Cox regression was used to determine whether PSA or PSAV predicted PSA elevation in men with low PSAs. Interaction terms were included in the models to determine whether BRCA status influenced the predictiveness of PSA or PSAV. Results: 1634 participants had 3 PSA readings of whom 174 underwent PB and 45 PrCas diagnosed. In men with PSA >3.0 ng ml−l, PSAV was not significantly associated with presence of cancer or high-grade disease. PSAV did not add to PSA for predicting time to an elevated PSA. When comparing BRCA1/2 carriers to non-carriers, we found a significant interaction between BRCA status and last PSA before biopsy (P=0.031) and BRCA2 status and PSAV (P=0.024). However, PSAV was not predictive of biopsy outcome in BRCA2 carriers. Conclusions: PSA is more strongly predictive of PrCa in BRCA carriers than non-carriers. We did not find evidence that PSAV aids decision-making for BRCA carriers over absolute PSA value alone. ; This research is coordinated by the Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK and is supported by grants from Cancer Research UK (Grant references (C5047/A21332, C5047/A13232 and C5047/A17528) and The Ronald and Rita McAulay Foundation. Mr and Mrs Jack Baker for the study in NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois and Myriad Genetics Laboratory, Salt Lake City, Utah, for providing research BRCA testing rates for NorthShore University HealthSystem participants. We acknowledge funding from the NIHR to the Biomedical Research Center at The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, at Central Manchester Foundation Trust and the Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Program. We acknowledge that in Australia, this project was co-funded by Cancer Council Tasmania and Cancer Australia, grant number 1006349 (2011–2013), Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia, grant number PCFA PRO4 (2008) and Cancer Councils of Victoria and South Australia, grant number 400048 (2006–2008), The Victorian Cancer Agency Clinical Trial Capacity CTCB08_14, Cancer Australia & Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia (2014–2016) grant number 1059423, and Translational grants EOI09_50. The Association of International Cancer Research funded data collection in The Netherlands (AICR 10–0596). We acknowledge funding from the Basser Center for BRCA (to S Domchek). We acknowledge funding from the National Cancer Institute [P30-CA008748], the Sidney Kimmel Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, and David H. Koch through the Prostate Cancer Foundation, the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Program in UK, Swedish Cancer Society (Cancerfonden project no. 11–0624), and the Swedish Research Council (VR-MH project no. 2016–02974). We acknowledge funding from the Slovenian Research Agency, Research programme P3–0352. Elena Castro acknolwedges funding from a Juan de la Cierva' fellowship from MINIECO (grant reference IJCI- 2014–19129). We acknowledge the support of the Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer (AECC), the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (organismo adscrito al Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad) and 'Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), una manera de hacer Europa' (PI10/01422, PI13/00285, PIE13/00022, PI16/00563 and CIBERONC) and the Institut Català de la Salut and Autonomous Government of Catalonia (2009SGR290, 2014SGR338 and PERIS Project MedPerCan). ; Peer Reviewed