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Marginalisation and exclusion of women in elite boxing has emerged as a substantial international problem, threatening women's democratic right to equal participation in sport. Since the London 2012 Olympic Games women's boxing has been an Olympic event. However, only 3 of the 10 weight categories were included in the Olympic programme for women. Today, male boxers compete in 10 out of 10 possible weight categories. While female boxers have gained accessed to a previously closed realm, discrimination, exclusion and unequal treatment of female athletes remains a widespread problem in international elite boxing. This article explores how the introduction of women's boxing into the Olympic Games involves practices of inclusion and exclusion in elite boxing. In particular, this analysis focuses on the following two research questions: (a) how practices of social exclusion and inclusion affect the involvement and engagement of women in boxing; and (b) how, and in what ways, female boxers have experienced recognition and acceptance in elite boxing after the introduction of women's boxing into the Olympic Games. Using a qualitative approach including document analysis of official press releases from the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the International Boxing Association (AIBA), as well as interviews with athletes and coaches, this study reveals that although women's boxing has gained access to the Olympics, the structural and cultural changes that comprise the social inclusion of women in boxing are yet to be implemented.

After losing World War I, Germany's new society, the Weimar Republic (1919—1933), needed to rebuild its image both at home and abroad. As a reaction to the soft bodies of their military, who some argued led the country in its humbling defeat, Weimar developed a newfound fascination of bodies. Athletes embodied Weimar's new ideals and boxers especially came to represent a new brand of hegemonic masculinity. The Ambassador to America even went as far as declaring that it was athletes, not thinkers, who would move the country forward.Ernst Krenek responded to this craze by composing a satire. The burlesque operetta Schwergewicht, oder die Ehre der Nation (1928), reflects on what the idolization of boxers really means for both society and the boxers themselves. Krenek alienates his boxer, Ochsenschwanz, from the audience by neglecting the boxer musically and writing libretto where he can only be categorized as brutish, violent, and unintelligent. He frames the operetta with popular dance music, which supports Ochsenschwanz's rival Gaston, a dancer. Gaston emasculates and humiliates Ochsenschwanz until he paralyzes the boxer and renders his strong body useless. Besides easily cracking the tough exterior of the boxer, Krenek exposes the truth that the fighting machine's singular function is only useful in a society that values toughness. When society asks the boxer to represent all of its hopes and dreams, he will fall short.

Finding boxing in a strip-mall -- From Amazonians to cardio classes : women, consumerism, and combat sports -- Commodifying and the woman boxer : popular culture, media, and the sexualized fighter -- Fighting tough...but not too tough -- There are only three rules of fight club, "No spectators, no social media, and no boob shots!" -- Sparring like men? : gender maneuvering and the emotional work of getting in the ring -- Violence, safety, and self-defense : unpacking the narrative that boxing is self-defense -- The female fight : sport and the spectacle.

Die Verfasserin stellt Ergebnisse einer Untersuchung von Männlichkeitsbildern im Box-Diskurs der 1920er und frühen 1930er Jahre in Deutschland vor. Diese Ergebnisse basieren auf einer systematischen Auswertung von Zeitschriften und Illustrierten wie "BoxSport", "Der Querschnitt" und der Sportberichterstattung der "B.Z. am Mittag", von Unterhaltungsromanen und den Autobiographien von Max Schmeling und Hans Breitensträter. Die Figur des Boxers erscheint in diesen Diskursen als vielschichtiges Konzept, das in unterschiedlichen Diskussionen zum Teil widersprüchliche Positionen einnehmen konnte. Es wird exemplarisch deutlich, wie der Verunsicherung von Geschlechterbildern eine Figur harter Männlichkeit entgegengestellt wird. (ICE2)

This study aims to determine how the implementation of Etu traditional boxing in Bhoawae sub-district and the promotion of this sport as a type of tourism in Nagekeo district, East Nusa Tenggara. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with 4 informants as the subject of the study. The data collection technique was carried out by in-depth interviews, documentation and observation. Data were analyzed using Miles Huberman's interactive analysis model. The results showed that the procedures for implementing the traditional Etu Boxing were carried out by traditional rituals and traditional dances. Boxers wear special equipment such as headbands, tai kolo, dhese and you gauze. Each round will end if one of the boxers has bleeding which symbolizes fertility. In conclusion, Etu is a boxing attraction that involves traditional rituals as an expression of gratitude for the people of the Bhoawae traditional village in welcoming the harvest, while the Etu promotion form currently being pursued by the government Nagekeo area is by making video story telling Keywords: Boxing, Adat Etu, Sports Promotion, Tourism

This article examines the experiences of select Indigenous female boxers from Canada and the United States to explore and appreciate the diverse meanings they attach to amateur and professional boxing and to write these athletes into history by constructing short case studies of fighters active from the 1970s through the 2010s. We augment each fighter's story with context from scholarly and secondary source materials, such as newspapers, to round out each woman's story and to illustrate the multiple overlapping conditions that shaped their boxing experiences. We embrace the work of van Ingen on the importance of understanding female boxers at the intersection of race and gender. In doing so, our work emphasizes the ideological foundations embedded in narratives, so that each narrative presents a certain point of view that results in real practical effects, whether it be supporting White liberal feminism or Indigenous self-determination. Following van Ingen, this article views all writing, whether by journalists or professional historians, as ideological acts, capable of exalting select athletes while marginalizing others.

Jane Elliott presents a strongly revisionist thesis about the Boxer War of 1900 embedded in a labyrinthine book. Her main topic is the war waged by eight foreign powers against the Boxers in 1900, but the book contains byways where Elliott beckons readers to follow through discussions of images of warfare that are tangential to this main thesis.

Machine generated contents note:1.Colonial Background, Sanmen Bay, and Boxers --2.Luigi Barzini, Sr., in China --3.Salvago Raggi: Diplomatic and Expatriate Community at the Turn of the Century --4.Vare and Ciano: Diplomats Before and After the Rise of Fascism --5.City as Text: Tianjin Concessions --6.Conclusions: Chinoiserie and China as Mirror of the Other.

"In 1900 in China a movement known as the Boxers rose up and tried to destroy Western oppressors. This book focuses on American missionary William Scott Ament whose bravery and heroism was tarnished by hubris and looting. Readers may come to their own conclusions, this book provides history of the Boxer Rebellion and the siege of Peking"--Provided by publisher

Boxing is 'all about bodies'; beautiful bodies, broken bodies and, sometimes, brain-damaged bodies. And while a lot of research has explored the physiological side of 'punch drunk' syndrome, far less work has attempted to consider how boxers experience brain injuries. Perhaps surprisingly, considering the sports historical and symbolic ties to concussion and degenerative brain diseases, contemporary socio-cultural explorations of the sport tend to be largely devoid of theoretically nuanced discussions of such phenomena. Within this paper, as a means of partly addressing this issue, I examine the 'bodily negotiations' that were part of personal understandings of 'brain injuries'. By considering the manner that such embodied knowhow is shaped by risky notions about the body, I demonstrate how culturally specific competent bodily actions are developed. Such an analysis provides insights into the ways that boxers might symbolically neutralise, pragmatically manage or 'fight through' what they considered to be relatively 'run of the mill' neurological disruption. This helps to demonstrate how their embodied engagement provides the basis by which 'outsider' knowledge, including that provided by medical personnel, might be largely excluded and otherwise diminished.

African Americans' hypervisibility in sports remains a frequent point of critique. There has been a tendency to blame Black youths for their supposed "sports fixation." Complicating this narrative of cultural pathology, I examine the foundational importance of Black boys' athletic labor to the profitability of the sporting industries. I first trace the structural conditions (imperialism, racism, industrial capitalism) that contributed to the hypervisibility of young Black boxers at the turn of the 20th century. I then explore the contemporary conditions driving Black hypervisibility in basketball. Analyzing Hoop Dreams (1994) alongside the aggressive tactics of corporations such as Nike, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and the National Basketball Association (NBA) to recruit talent at younger and younger ages, I illustrate that Black boys are performing a kind of child labor. Similar to Black boxers from a century before, Black youths' focus on achieving success in basketball is not just a simple matter individual "choice." It is also symptomatic of their continued political, social, and economic marginalization in the postindustrial, neoliberal United States, which sports companies capitalize on.

In late 1890's, a xenophobic Yihetuan ("Boxer") movement emerged in German sphere of influence in Shandong. In 1900, the movement spread into the neighbouring province of Zhili and was largely tolerated by anti-foreign officials. Foreign diplomats failed to understand this threat. As a consequence of hasty and miscalculated moves of both sides, the Chinese court found itself in the middle of an open conflict with the great powers. Since mid-June, foreign detachments were fighting with governmental troops in Zhili; on June 20, German Minister to China was killed and the siege of the Beijing legations began. German forces in the Far East were too limited to participate much on the fighting. Germany sent a large expeditionary force to the Far East, but these troops arrived too late to take part on the conquest of Beijing on 14 August 1900. Allied forces under supreme command of German Field Marshall Alfred vonWaldersee occupied Zhili and conducted many punitive operations at the country. During the crisis, Germany gained bad reputation for the conduct of her troops.

Latino pugilists have long participated in the development of the "sweet science" of professional boxing. Beginning at the close of the 19th century, when boxing became professionalized thanks to the implementations of new regulations, Latino boxers quickly rose to prominence in the Southwest, though racial restrictions would impose difficulties in the upward move to national fame and major titles. The historical factors contributing to the rise of Latino boxing include the incorporation of regional boxing institutions in official governing bodies, migrations of workers into the United States, the increasing visibility of Latinos in US popular culture, changing laws and social mores, and the general growth of the popularity of the sport throughout much of the 20th century. From the emergence of featherweight champion Solomon Garcia Smith in 1890s through the explosion of international celebrities like Oscar De La Hoya in the late 20th century to the presence of many Latinos in the world ranks today, Latino boxers have made an important mark on the boxing scene. Indeed, in recent decades, a "Latinization" of boxing is evident, as more and more Latinos dominate the various weight divisions. Though less discussed in the academic literature, Latinas have also entered the boxing ring and have made an important place for themselves in the sport.

Includes material and photographs not included in most of the 100 other books about the champion, Ishmael Reed's The Complete Muhammad Ali is more than just a biography-it is a fascinating portrait of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st. An honest, balanced portrayal of Ali, the book includes voices that have been omitted from other books. It charts Ali's evolution from Black Nationalism to a universalism, but does not discount the Nation of Islam and Black Nationalism's important influence on his intellectual development. Filipino American author Emil Guillermo speaks about how "T ...