Suchergebnisse

While citizen involvement has become an increasingly accepted and popular procedure in both the theory and practice of responsible research and innovation (RRI), there remains a curious dilemma in that the accomplishment of involvement does not necessarily ensure sought responsibility towards citizens. Instead, experts may easily take over the process of involvement and change the outcomes in quite distinct directions, as is empirically shown in this article, while still claiming to draw legitimacy from citizens. To counteract such unwanted takeovers, citizen contributions should be considered as a point of reference throughout the subsequent activities resulting from the involvement. Alternatively, the citizen contributions should simply be used as they were articulated without any significant expert translation. The article draws on empirical insights from an extensive case study in which citizens in 12 European countries articulated visions on sustainable futures, which experts then formulated to priorities for the European Union's Horizon 2020 framework programme for research and innovation. ; Peer reviewed

Since the latter part of the 1950's, there has been a growing emphasis on bringing more citizens into cor rectional affairs. And yet, the extent of such involvement is relatively small. An important reason is a failure to recog nize the varying roles which citizens can play in corrections and the different strategies which must be employed to recruit them and maintain their participation. Four key roles can be identified: the correctional volunteer, those who work di rectly with correctional clients; the social persuader, persons of influence in the dominant social system who are willing to persuade others to support correctional programs; the gate- keepers of opportunities, custodians of access to important social institutions; and the intimates, members of offenders' traditional peer groups and their communities. Each of these roles induces supportive and resistant forces within the cor rectional system. These must be successfully manipulated if widespread citizen participation is to be achieved.

Since the latter part of the 195questionaires, there has been a growing emphasis on bringing more citizens into correctional affairs; the extent of such involvement is relatively small. An important reason is a failure to recognize the varying roles which citizens can play in corrections & the diff strategies which must be employed to recruit them & maintain their participation. 4 key roles can be identified: (1) the correctional volunteer, those who work directly with correctional clients; (2) the soc persuader, persons of influence in the dominant soc system who are willing to persuade others to support correctional programs; (3) the gatekeepers of opportunities, custodians of access to important soc instit's; & (4) the intimates, members of offenders' traditional peer groups & their communities. Each of these roles induces supportive & resistant forces within the correctional system. These must be successfully manipulated if widespread citizen participation is to be achieved. HA.