Suchergebnisse

New threats after the Cold War have imposed a claim for new instruments of prevention and defense, consequently changing security relations between states and their co-operational perspectives. The future of European security had become very obscure. Observing the complexity and multitude of various processes on the global stage as well as crucial changes in the international system and aiming to better understand European security perspectives in this chaotic environment, institutionalization of the European security system, was chosen as the main object of this article. The main purpose of the article is to estimate the process and perspectives of the institutionalization of the European security system. The first part of the article is devoted to major changes in the global security agenda after the Cold War. Factors, which influence or might influence security of the European region, are identified. Analysis of possible institutionalization of the regional security system in Europe is conducted in the second part. In two last parts the article looks at the opportunities of the NATO and the EU to become the cornerstones of an effective European security system.

New threats after the Cold War have imposed a claim for new instruments of prevention and defense, consequently changing security relations between states and their co-operational perspectives. The future of European security had become very obscure. Observing the complexity and multitude of various processes on the global stage as well as crucial changes in the international system and aiming to better understand European security perspectives in this chaotic environment, institutionalization of the European security system, was chosen as the main object of this article. The main purpose of the article is to estimate the process and perspectives of the institutionalization of the European security system. The first part of the article is devoted to major changes in the global security agenda after the Cold War. Factors, which influence or might influence security of the European region, are identified. Analysis of possible institutionalization of the regional security system in Europe is conducted in the second part. In two last parts the article looks at the opportunities of the NATO and the EU to become the cornerstones of an effective European security system.

New threats after the Cold War have imposed a claim for new instruments of prevention and defense, consequently changing security relations between states and their co-operational perspectives. The future of European security had become very obscure. Observing the complexity and multitude of various processes on the global stage as well as crucial changes in the international system and aiming to better understand European security perspectives in this chaotic environment, institutionalization of the European security system, was chosen as the main object of this article. The main purpose of the article is to estimate the process and perspectives of the institutionalization of the European security system. The first part of the article is devoted to major changes in the global security agenda after the Cold War. Factors, which influence or might influence security of the European region, are identified. Analysis of possible institutionalization of the regional security system in Europe is conducted in the second part. In two last parts the article looks at the opportunities of the NATO and the EU to become the cornerstones of an effective European security system.

Aim of the study. To analyze the opportunities of co-operation between health care institutions and the state controlling institutions. Methods. The survey of workers of Kaunas county health care institutions was accomplished during 2009 December - 2010 February. Questionnaires were filled-in and returned by 68 respondents of the 55 Kaunas county health care institutions (response rate 66,7%). For the assessment of the statistical relationships Chi square (χ2) criteria was used; Z-test was used for the comparison of two proportions. Differences were considered as statistically significant at p<0,05 level. Results. Kaunas county health care workers (86,8%) mostly collaborate with regional sickness insurance funds, at least with Lithuanian medical ethics committee (4,4%). Health care workers assess work of the state controlling institutions: very good (5,9%), well (38,2%), an average (51,5%), negative (4,4%). Cooperation with the state controlling institutions is preceded several times a month. Information is often transferred by e-mail to the state controlling institutions. Older workers and men often co-operate with the state controlling institutions in non-formal way. Respondents who are satisfied in supervising with the state controlling institutions are more satisfied with aspects of the issues. Only one third of the respondents received information from the state controlling institutions timely. Respondents under the age of 35 and over the age of 43 years were satisfied with the efficiency of solving problems. Health care workers emphasized the lack of information related to legislation. Health care workers employed in private institutions are not looking for new ways or forms of co-operation with the state controlling institutions. Cooperation could be improved by using innovative information technologies. Health care workers indicated the need for the common data base with the state controlling institutions. Conclusions. Most of the respondents co-operate with regional sickness insurance funds, at least with of Lithuanian medical ethics committee. The majority of the health care workers assessed the state controlling institutions as an average. Most of the respondents are not satisfied with flexibility of the state controlling institutions in solving problems.

Aim of the study. To analyze the opportunities of co-operation between health care institutions and the state controlling institutions. Methods. The survey of workers of Kaunas county health care institutions was accomplished during 2009 December - 2010 February. Questionnaires were filled-in and returned by 68 respondents of the 55 Kaunas county health care institutions (response rate 66,7%). For the assessment of the statistical relationships Chi square (χ2) criteria was used; Z-test was used for the comparison of two proportions. Differences were considered as statistically significant at p<0,05 level. Results. Kaunas county health care workers (86,8%) mostly collaborate with regional sickness insurance funds, at least with Lithuanian medical ethics committee (4,4%). Health care workers assess work of the state controlling institutions: very good (5,9%), well (38,2%), an average (51,5%), negative (4,4%). Cooperation with the state controlling institutions is preceded several times a month. Information is often transferred by e-mail to the state controlling institutions. Older workers and men often co-operate with the state controlling institutions in non-formal way. Respondents who are satisfied in supervising with the state controlling institutions are more satisfied with aspects of the issues. Only one third of the respondents received information from the state controlling institutions timely. Respondents under the age of 35 and over the age of 43 years were satisfied with the efficiency of solving problems. Health care workers emphasized the lack of information related to legislation. Health care workers employed in private institutions are not looking for new ways or forms of co-operation with the state controlling institutions. Cooperation could be improved by using innovative information technologies. Health care workers indicated the need for the common data base with the state controlling institutions. Conclusions. Most of the respondents co-operate with regional sickness insurance funds, at least with of Lithuanian medical ethics committee. The majority of the health care workers assessed the state controlling institutions as an average. Most of the respondents are not satisfied with flexibility of the state controlling institutions in solving problems.

Agricultural co-operation creates opportunities to strengthen their market position, the movement to a higher chain of added value, take the advantage of the common agricultural policy support measures. Development of co-operation in Lithuania is not sufficient enough. One way to improve the situation in this area is to support establishment of producer groups. The aim of the study – according to the analysis of the neighbouring countries (Latvia and Poland) experience in the development of farmers and producer groups in organizing their activities, identify the best examples of successful opportunities. Economic literature and legal documentation on agricultural production regulation and farmers' cooperated activity was analyzed. In addition, the study also included the semi-standardized interviews with the fruit and vegetable producer groups, managers and consultants. It was found that farmers in Poland and Latvia are more active in binding to the producer groups than in Lithuania, they better use the advantages of EU and national support.

Agricultural co-operation creates opportunities to strengthen their market position, the movement to a higher chain of added value, take the advantage of the common agricultural policy support measures. Development of co-operation in Lithuania is not sufficient enough. One way to improve the situation in this area is to support establishment of producer groups. The aim of the study – according to the analysis of the neighbouring countries (Latvia and Poland) experience in the development of farmers and producer groups in organizing their activities, identify the best examples of successful opportunities. Economic literature and legal documentation on agricultural production regulation and farmers' cooperated activity was analyzed. In addition, the study also included the semi-standardized interviews with the fruit and vegetable producer groups, managers and consultants. It was found that farmers in Poland and Latvia are more active in binding to the producer groups than in Lithuania, they better use the advantages of EU and national support.

Agricultural co-operation creates opportunities to strengthen their market position, the movement to a higher chain of added value, take the advantage of the common agricultural policy support measures. Development of co-operation in Lithuania is not sufficient enough. One way to improve the situation in this area is to support establishment of producer groups. The aim of the study – according to the analysis of the neighbouring countries (Latvia and Poland) experience in the development of farmers and producer groups in organizing their activities, identify the best examples of successful opportunities. Economic literature and legal documentation on agricultural production regulation and farmers' cooperated activity was analyzed. In addition, the study also included the semi-standardized interviews with the fruit and vegetable producer groups, managers and consultants. It was found that farmers in Poland and Latvia are more active in binding to the producer groups than in Lithuania, they better use the advantages of EU and national support.

Agricultural co-operation creates opportunities to strengthen their market position, the movement to a higher chain of added value, take the advantage of the common agricultural policy support measures. Development of co-operation in Lithuania is not sufficient enough. One way to improve the situation in this area is to support establishment of producer groups. The aim of the study – according to the analysis of the neighbouring countries (Latvia and Poland) experience in the development of farmers and producer groups in organizing their activities, identify the best examples of successful opportunities. Economic literature and legal documentation on agricultural production regulation and farmers' cooperated activity was analyzed. In addition, the study also included the semi-standardized interviews with the fruit and vegetable producer groups, managers and consultants. It was found that farmers in Poland and Latvia are more active in binding to the producer groups than in Lithuania, they better use the advantages of EU and national support.

The article examines changes of the socio-economic situation in Lithuania in the 1940s during the crisis (1931–1935). These changes influenced a wider alteration of the Lithuanian society. The article reveals the specifics of the crisis in Lithuania, the economic instruments of the government and propagandistic programs, which affected the attitude of farmers to the agricultural traditions. Organized Lithuanian business structures promptly appeared during the crisis, as well as the society became more economically active and creative.

The article examines changes of the socio-economic situation in Lithuania in the 1940s during the crisis (1931–1935). These changes influenced a wider alteration of the Lithuanian society. The article reveals the specifics of the crisis in Lithuania, the economic instruments of the government and propagandistic programs, which affected the attitude of farmers to the agricultural traditions. Organized Lithuanian business structures promptly appeared during the crisis, as well as the society became more economically active and creative.

The article examines changes of the socio-economic situation in Lithuania in the 1940s during the crisis (1931–1935). These changes influenced a wider alteration of the Lithuanian society. The article reveals the specifics of the crisis in Lithuania, the economic instruments of the government and propagandistic programs, which affected the attitude of farmers to the agricultural traditions. Organized Lithuanian business structures promptly appeared during the crisis, as well as the society became more economically active and creative.

The article examines changes of the socio-economic situation in Lithuania in the 1940s during the crisis (1931–1935). These changes influenced a wider alteration of the Lithuanian society. The article reveals the specifics of the crisis in Lithuania, the economic instruments of the government and propagandistic programs, which affected the attitude of farmers to the agricultural traditions. Organized Lithuanian business structures promptly appeared during the crisis, as well as the society became more economically active and creative.

Border guard, control and surveillance are a relevant topic in every country. It should be mentioned, that when the country has borders with other countries, it has created the policy, legal and institutional basis for the control and surveillance of its border that secures social, political, legal, economical, cultural and scientific interests of the citizens of that country. There are two border concepts in the European Union – internal and external borders. The co-operation of the member states, based on the integrated border management concept, is oriented to the common attempt to control and secure the external border carrying out various joint operations and projects. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the guidelines of the cooperation of the EU member states in the field of external border guard and to evaluate the effectiveness of this cooperation. This paper consists of preface, where the relevance, problem, purpose, objectives are presented, three main parts, conclusions and appendixes. The analysis of the guidelines of cooperation of the EU member states in the field of external border surveillance and evaluation of the effectiveness of this cooperation is being carried out using the researches, Shengen acquis, the Treaty of Amsterdam, the Treaty of Rome, the Treaty of Lisbon, etc.