Suchergebnisse

The decline of utopia in some western intellectual environments has become an object of interest for scientists and essayists in these last few years. Yet, little has been done to analyze the common sense production of utopias or dystopias. This article will make use of the results of a statistical survey (n=2774) to describe what can be called, in reference to Wittgenstein's philosophy, «the grammars of change», i.e., a more or less shared representation of «what is wrong» with society, but also of the real or illusionary possibilities to transform society. The article focuses on a striking line of tension. While some people still value political action as the bearer of a possible change, most interviewees consider it obsolete and unreliable. These people, who are so skeptical about politics, tend on the contrary to (over)invest in the idea that the power of change lies within the individual, in everybody's changing their own values and attitudes. ; El declive de las utopías entre ciertos sectores intelectuales occidentales se ha convertido en objeto de interés científico y ensayístico en los últimos años, a pesar de lo cual no se han realizado suficientes análisis sobre la producción del sentido común en relación a las utopías y distopías. El presente artículo utiliza los resultados de una encuesta estadística (n=2774) para describir lo que podrían denominarse, siguiendo la filosofía de Wittgenstein, las «gramáticas del cambio», es decir, la representación, en mayor o menor medida, común de «lo que está mal» en la sociedad, aunque también de las posibilidades reales o ilusorias de transformación de la misma. El artículo se centra en una notable línea dtensión: mientras que algunas personas todavía valoran la acción política como motor posible de cambio, la mayoría de los entrevistados la consideran obsoleta y poco fiable. Estos últimos, escépticos con la política, tienden, por el contrario, a (sobre)valorar la idea de que el poder de cambio reside en los individuos, en que cada uno cambie sus propios valores y comportamientos.

The migrant crisis brought migration to the political agenda and exposed the weaknesses of the European Unión, FRONTEX and Member States in the border management mechanisms. In 2015 more than 1.5 million illegal border crossings were detected at external borders, representing an all-time peak of arrivals, with Turkey being one of the main entry points, with around 800,000 irregular migrants, and more than 500,000 Syrian nationals. The European Union reached an agreement with Turkey to end to the irregular migration flow, resulting in a decrease in irregular entries into Europe. However, the number of arrivals is growing again and, although the situation cannot be compared to that of 2015, the upward trend is consolidating. This situation is aggravated by the start of the Turkish military offensive against the Kurds in Syria and by President Erdoğan Recep Tayyip's threat to break the agreement with the EU and irregularly let in more than 3.6 million people. The European priority for solving the migration crisis has focused on stabilization with ad hoc measures rather than long-term planning. ; La crisis migratoria llevó la migración a la agenda política y puso de manifiesto las debilidades de la Unión Europea, de FRONTEX y de los Estados Miembros en los mecanismos de gestión de las fronteras exteriores. En el año 2015 se detectaron más de 1.5 millones de cruces fronterizos ilegales en las fronteras exteriores, lo que representó un pico histórico de llegadas, siendo Turquía uno de los principales puntos de entrada, con alrededor de 800.000 migrantes irregulares y de nacionalidad siria mas de 500.0003. Con el fin de frenar el flujo migratorio irregular la Unión Europea llegó a un acuerdo con Turquía consiguiendo una drástica disminución de las entradas en Europa. Sin embargo, el número de llegadas está creciendo de nuevo y, aunque la situación no puede compararse con la del año 2015, la tendencia al alza se está consolidando. Esta situación se agrava con el inicio de la ofensiva militar turca contra los kurdos en Siria y por la amenaza del presidente Recep Tayyip Erdoğan que de romper el acuerdo con la Unión Europea y dejar entrar irregularmente mas de 3.6 millones de personas. La prioridad europea para solucionar la crisis migratoria se ha centrado en la estabilización con medidas ad hoc en lugar de una planificación a largo plazo. The migrant crisis brought migration to the political agenda and exposed the weaknesses of the European Unión, FRONTEX and Member States in the border management mechanisms. In 2015 more than 1.5 million illegal border crossings were detected at external borders, representing an all-time peak of arrivals, with Turkey being one of the main entry points, with around 800,000 irregular migrants, and more than 500,000 Syrian nationals. The European Union reached an agreement with Turkey to end to the irregular migration flow, resulting in a decrease in irregular entries into Europe. However, the number of arrivals is growing again and, although the situation cannot be compared to that of 2015, the upward trend is consolidating. This situation is aggravated by the start of the Turkish military offensive against the Kurds in Syria and by President Erdoğan Recep Tayyip's threat to break the agreement with the EU and irregularly let in more than 3.6 million people. The European priority for solving the migration crisis has focused on stabilization with ad hoc measures rather than long-term planning.

The financial crisis in the last decades has become a common phenomenon. However, due to the process of globalization, financial markets' integration and their interdependency, financial crisis tend to evolve and gain not only regional but also global scale. In the context of financial market liberalization, globalization and internalization, the subsequences caused by financial risk and financial crises contagion become more visible and more severe. The financial crisis that originated in one region of the world through the rapid process of financial markets' globalization may spread worldwide and adversely affect other geographical regions, thus causing serious problems and disruption throughout the whole global financial system in the way of destabilizing it. Although it is not easy to forecast crises with high reliability, recently a lot of scientific researches were done on the analysis of financial crisis indicators. Early warning system of forthcoming crisis that uses a lot of different economical and financial indicators can indeed be a useful tool for preparation for the coming financial crisis, for evaluating subsequences of crisis to a country's economy and for assessing the impact of financial crisis future vulnerabilities. In the article all the financial crisis indicators which are presented in scientific literature are examined systemically and classified into four main groups. The main finding is that all the financial crisis indicators differ in their significance on financial crisis contagion. Moreover, all indicators and their observance simultaneously let both academics and politicians to evaluate the current economic situation and to determine if a country is struck by financial crisis or not. By using system of financial crisis indicators it could help to detect contagion at an earlier stage and help to prepare for the forthcoming crisis and to prevent from huge losses when the financial crisis hits. After all, the knowing of financial crisis contagion indicators system could be extremely valuable in developing appropriate financial risk management strategies. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15544/ssaf.2012.28

La actual legislación ambiental mexicana le ha restado importancia a la crisis ambiental, la cual, ante las adversidades del eminente cambio climático que está sufriendo nuestro planeta, debería ser un objetivo primordial ante el derecho, por lo cual ocasionaría enfrentar un nuevo reto humanitario: el holocausto ambiental. Por tal motivo, el derecho humano a un medio ambiente sano y libre de contaminación ya no es suficiente, como tampoco lo es el concepto de desarrollo sustentable. ; The current Mexican environmental legislation has downplayed the environmental crisis, which in the face of the adversities of the eminent climate change, that our planet is suffering, should be a primary objective before the law, which would lead to a new humanitarian challenge: environmental holocaust; for this reason, the human right to a healthy and pollution-free environment is no longer sufficient, nor is the concept of sustainable development. This article deepens in this regard.

With rapid industrialization, the current social system is facing a variety of crises that deplete resources, pollute the environment and generate large amounts of waste. Excessive destinations dependence on tourism, as a primary economic activity, make them more vulnerable to global crisis situations and their negative effects. The tourism industry is also sensitive to external disasters and the deterioration of the tourism product, and is becoming more exposed to the crisis, which leads to a growing interest in contingency planning. Economic crisis, the crisis in the world shipping economy and political instability represent some of the crisis situations that developed and developing countries are struggling with. The goal of the research is literature review to determine which crisis situations exist in nautical tourism, which ones occur most often and what is the cause of them. Also, by analyzing the content of selected articles, the aim is to present possible solutions to such situations, applying to a greater extent to the principles of sustainable development. This paper analyzes the scientific literature on the crisis situations and their negative effects on nautical tourism, as relatively new multidisciplinary tourism activity. Contrary to the long history of piracy, terrorist attacks, as a one type of crisis situations that occur in the maritime industry are rare. However, high-energy consumption, high water pollution and increased port production, consequently negatively affect the ecological environment. Pollution created by vessels, in addition to disrupting the natural ecological balance, also encourages climate change, therefore, ecological restoration measures can help improve the quality of the environment on land and in water.

"Every power comes through crisis" has long been a motif of European integration. The financial and sovereign debt crises, which have shaken the European Union (EU) in recent years, are at first glance no different. Treaty reforms, intergovernmental treaties such as the Fiscal Compact and the Treaty Establishing a European Stability Mechanism (ESM Treaty) have significantly altered the constitutional landscape of the EU and its Member States. The crisis has also inspired many European legal scholars to critically analyse the EU's system of economic governance, as have other events throughout the history of the European Union, from the Empty Chair Crisis to the referenda in the aftermath of the Treaty of Maastricht and the failure of the Constitution for the European Union. What does seem to be different is the way in which scholars approach the issue of the Eurozone crisis. Instead of a purely legal perspective on economic governance, European legal scholars have realised that in order to understand and analyse the euro crisis, interdisciplinarity is the word of the moment.

Crowdsourced crisis maps emerged in the last decade as a series of civil society projects – often launched by small groups or even individual media users with the intention to collect and organize geo-referenced information from a large number of sources during crisis in order to make it useful for emergency managers as well as those people affected by the crisis. The purpose of this study is not only to examine crisis mapping, but more importantly to place this phenomenon within a Swiss context. What would a potential crisis map look like in a Swiss context? Which actors would be involved and what role could governmental actors play? To date, despite their reported usefulness for mitigating the effects of disaster and speeding up recovery processes, little is known about how the phenomenon of crisis mapping could be brought in line with established procedures of disaster management. To examine how crisis mapping in Switzerland could be organized, we suggest a three-step approach. First, we review several recent instances of crisis to identify key stakeholders that tend to play a decisive role in such processes. Based on our recent work on agency and behavior in self-organized crisis collaborations, we develop a typology of stakeholders in crisis mapping situations. In a second step, we attempt to transfer the phenomenon of crisis mapping to the Swiss context. To this end, based on a real crisis situation experienced recently in Switzerland, we describe a scenario in which a crisis mapping project might emerge. In particular, based on several background interviews with experts from Swiss authorities, technology companies, academia and civil society, we examine which social actors in Switzerland would likely be involved in such a crisis mapping project and how the collaboration among these actors could take place. Finally, based on the findings of the scenario exercises, we discuss possible future directions for crisis mapping in Switzerland.

V obsežni raziskavi smo identificirali ključne sektorje gospodarstev držav EU. Sektorske multiplikatorje smo lahko izračunali za 16 držav članic EU(Avstrijo, Belgijo, Češko, Nemčijo, Dansko, Finsko, Francijo, Veliko Britanijo, Grčijo, Irsko, Italijo, Litvo, Nizozemsko, Poljsko, Portugalsko in Slovenijo). Medtem ko ni bilo možno izračunati sektorskih multiplikatorjev za 12 držav članic EU(Bolgarijo, Ciper, Estonijo, Hrvaško, Latvijo, Luksemburg, Madžarsko, Malto, Romunijo, Slovaško, Španijo in Švedsko), ker matrike niso imele definiranega inverza. V analizi smo ugotovili, da so najbolj odporni na krizo sektorji, ki so v daljšem obdobju v opazovanem gospodarstvu imeli največji vpliv na povezanost za nazaj in povezanost za naprej. V obdobju od leta 2001 do 2011 smo analizirali ključne sektorje v opazovanih 16 državah članicah EU. Ugotavljali smo podobnosti in razlike v spreminjanju medsektorskih povezav in s tem strukture gospodarstva v državah članicah Evropske unije. Identificirali smo tiste sektorje, ki so najbolj pripomogli , da so opazovane države članice Evropske unije čim prej okrevale po gospodarski in finančni krizi. ; In a large study, we identified key sectors of the economies of the EU. Sectoral multipliers, we can calculate the 16 EU Member States (Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Finland, France, Great Britain, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal and Slovenia). While it was not possible to calculate the sectoral multipliers for the 12 EU Member States (Bulgaria, Cyprus, Estonia, Croatia, Latvia, Luxembourg, Hungary, Malta, Romania, Slovakia, Spain and Sweden), whereas the matrix did not have defined inverses. In the analysis, we found that the most resistant to the crisis sectors over a long period of observation economy had the greatest impact on the integration of back and forward integration. In the period from 2001 to 2011 were analyzed for key sectors in the observed 16 EU Member States. We seek to determine similarities and differences in changing cross-cutting links and the structure of the economy in the Member States of the European Union. We have identified those sectors that have most contributed to the observed Member States of the European Union as soon as possible to recover from the economic and financial crisis.

European financial crisis poses a serious challenge to the fundamental structure of the European Union, political and financial institutions, as well as the values that bind European together. Different factors have been suggested as the causes of the crisis notably the failure of national government and economic policies. Responding to the crisis, numerous attemps have been proposed to accelerate the recovery, but the crisis still hit Eurozone and brought serious consequences politically and economically. In one side, the crisis severely damages some EU member economy but on the other side, the crisis advantages the other members. Such an inequality not only leads to the crisis but also exacerbate the crisis. Having said that, this paper will demonstrate that marxian conceptual model of inequality or constructed economic imbalance provides a better explanation regarding the causes of the crisis. Using marxist theoretical framework, this article will further show that introduction of Euro, the accumulation of profit and capital as well as the current European financial system built upon the spirit of capitalism and neoliberalism as the key factors contributing to the crisis and creating inequality.

News media gives information what happened recently in the world. This study aims to explore the textual analysis of Rohingya crisis in CNN News article. The textual analysis of critical discourse analysis by Van Dijk shows there element; macrostructure, superstructure, and microstructure. In so doing, the study analyzed the news article during November, 2017 – December 2017. Furthermore, the finding is triangulation with critical discourse analysis theory by Fairclough to support findings and avoid subjectivity. The results of the study for macrostructure is the religion in Myanmar influence Myanmar's government, for superstructure is the CNN News little wordy, but it is interesting for the reader to find out more what Muslim Rohingya condition and for microstructure use stylistic word choice that dramatizes the circumstances in order for the reader as if it has its own arguments. The conclusion is Rohingya are bad condition and make the important figures in the world such as apologize for Rohingya refugees.

News media gives information what happened recently in the world. This study aims to explore the textual analysis of Rohingya crisis in CNN News article. The textual analysis of critical discourse analysis by Van Dijk shows there element; macrostructure, superstructure, and microstructure. In so doing, the study analyzed the news article during November, 2017 – December 2017. Furthermore, the finding is triangulation with critical discourse analysis theory by Fairclough to support findings and avoid subjectivity. The results of the study for macrostructure is the religion in Myanmar influence Myanmar's government, for superstructure is the CNN News little wordy, but it is interesting for the reader to find out more what Muslim Rohingya condition and for microstructure use stylistic word choice that dramatizes the circumstances in order for the reader as if it has its own arguments. The conclusion is Rohingya are bad condition and make the important figures in the world such as apologize for Rohingya refugees.

This study examines the extent to which dynamic network Analysis (DNA) and natural language processing (NLP) are helpful research tools in identifying the key actors in a complex international crisis. The study uses these tools to identify the key actors in the Syrian crisis. The importance of the study lies in two main points; firstly, it proposes an algorithm that mixes NLP, network extraction from textual unstructured data, and DNA in order to understand and monitor changes occurring in an international crisis. Furthermore, it applies the proposed algorithm on the Syrian crisis to identify the key actors. Although there are several resolutions of the UN Security Council that stipulated the need to stop fighting and start a political process, the nature of the Syrian crisis is characterized by the intransigence and refusal to make serious concessions, as well as, the multiplicity of regional, international and local key players in Syrian affairs. Besides that, there are some other factors such as the fragmentation of the opposition forces and armed groups and the divergence of their objectives. In addition to prolonging the Syrian crisis with social divisions, there were tragedies and atrocities between components and segments of Syrian society because of violence and counter-violence. Therefore, the Syrian crisis is considered a pivotal case study that can be analyzed using a dynamic network analysis technique to study the situation, which consists of different types of nodes and varies from one point time to another. Studying the Syrian crisis as a dynamic social network is helpful in determining the key actors of the crisis and how they are changing over time. The analysis was divided into four levels; state level, politicians' level, formal organizations, and informal organizations. This analysis was performed using the temporal eigenvector centrality measure to detect the leaders of strong cliques at each level. The results reveal changes in actors' powerful positions in 2012 and 2016, which match the changes that occurred in the political arena.

Our new series, Soundings Critical Terms aims to explore and build on a range of theoretical resources that members of the editorial group have found helpful to their own understandings of politics. This article offers a framing statement for the series as whole, and makes a strong case for the place of conjunctural writing at the heart of the project. It looks at four key ways in which thinking conjuncturally can be of assistance to the left: as a means of analysis of periods of conjunctural crisis and contradiction; as an a priori necessity for effective political intervention; as a space open to bringing together longer trajectories of thought; and as an enabler of reflection on the shifting forces of socio-political histories. The aim is to begin to develop a rich toolkit of concepts, histories and understandings that enable us to think through what is possible, to determine the direction of future interventions, and to provide a space in which crucial differences and agreements within left activism can be explored.

Greece, which is one of the world's largest shipping powers, is suffering from financial crisis in Euro Zone. It has impaired the European Economy, besides having an impact on World Economy too. Greece is exposed to huge debt crises owing to IMF, Germany, Spain, Italy, other European Members and European Central Bank. Recently, Greece is trying to strike a deal with its creditors for extension of time for repayment of the loan and have also requested to increase the limit of emergency funding by European Central Bank. The Government has also taken many steps on domestic level to stop the liquidity easing from its financial system and markets. Today, Greece is at cross –road between the Government and the Governance. This Paper dwells on four aspects; first, critical analysis of Greece Economic Structure to know the actual economic condition of Greece. Second, in depth examining the debt portfolio of Greece to know the exposure of the Greece to the European Union Members, European Central Bank, IMF, Private Investors and also critical analysis of Greece Debt Structure along with repayment deadlines. Third, Greece Government's decisions regarding finding the solutions to counter the financial crisis as to know how governance is more important than growth. And fourt, what would be the repercussions on Greece if it decides/ made to leave Euro Zone.

In the past few decades the Balkan Peninsula has held the status of being an intensive crisis territory. Regional countries were confronted with a huge number of refugees coming from different parts of the world, as well refugees coming from neighbouring countries. The Republic of Macedonia became a transit country within the Balkan states. It is one of the so-called "victim" countries of the migration process. There is a tendency for migration and asylum processes taking place towards, in and out of Macedonia, bearing in mind its geographical location. Consequently, there has been a need for public institutions to regulate migration processes. During the process of transition, legal acts were signed, amended and annexed which have regulated these issues. During the process of migration, in 2015 in the Republic of Macedonia as well as in other countries in the region many measures were undertaken which have been drastically different to the previous legal bases related to this problem. The main aim of these measures is to provide legal support, transport, and hygienic and food supplements to the refugees on the one hand, whilst providing state security on the other. One serious dilemma for the Republic of Macedonia and other Balkan and European countries is the doubt in the cause for migration: whether it is the armed conflicts in the countries which lies at the origin of migration, or is the main aim for migration which involves looking for better economic living conditions. Bearing in mind that most of the migrants are not fleeing to their neighboring countries, but are heading towards the European Union, makes us conclude that most of them are searching for better economic living conditions.