Suchergebnisse

Bugüne kadar Osmanlı ceza hukuku alanında ve daha özelde XIX. yüzyıl Osmanlı ceza hukuku alanında yapılan çalışmaların birçoğunun teorik olduğu görülmekte, pratik üzerinden teorik söylemlerin geliştirildiği çok az çalışmaya şahit olunmaktadır. Son dönem Osmanlı ceza hukukunun değişimine dair önemli çalışmaları olan Omri Paz, Who Killed Panayot? adını verdiği, 1850 yılında İzmir'de meydana gelen görünürde basit bir afyon hırsızlığı olayının, dönemin Osmanlı Hariciye nazırı ve İngiliz büyükelçisi düzeyinde yapılan yazışmalara nasıl konu olduğunu anlattığı bu çalışmasında, aslında Tanzimat sonrası Osmanlı'nın ceza hukuku alanında yaptığı reformlara dair çok önemli bilgileri bir olay merkezinde kalarak sunmuştur.

Many cultural assets unearthed in archaeological excavations, elements that make up the culture of the settled communities such as technology, art, economy and, if any, can be revealed through written sources. However, in the case of nomadic communities, there is a prejudice that temporary shelters made of lightweight materials are "invisible communities" defined by only a small number of material items available for transportation. As a result of these prejudices, the nomadic culture has been tried to be understood either through negative elements in the settlements, written sources written by the settlers, or through ethnoarchaeological research. In the Archeology Department of Atatürk University Social Sciences Institute, under the supervision of Proffesor Dr Mehmet Işıklı, the "Archaeological Evidence of Nomadic Culture in the Southeast Anatolian Region: An Ethnoarchaeological Study" one of the important questions encountered during the studies carried out within the scope of the doctoral thesis titled " to what extent modern nomadic communities will reflect the cultures of the ancient period" has been.
In this article, the question "what is culture" was chosen as the first step to start looking for answers to all these unknowns and questions, within the framework of the great transformations of humanity in the transition to a production economy, the elements that make up the culture were examined, and the elements of culture were discussed through the answers given by different scientists to this question.

The design process, which starts with identifying the design problem in design studies, is completed by conveying the message of the creative visual solution to the target audience. The images used in the design for the target audience are carefully selected by the design team. Images have a universal language and are transmitted faster than written texts. Images have layers of meaning as cultural indicators of their own time. For this reason, the most frequently used method for examining and interpreting images is semiotics. The colors used in the design also represent culture. Each color can have personal meanings as well as cultural and universal meanings. Color constitutes an important code system in the reading of images through semiotics. To develop the ability to incorporate colors into design, it is necessary to understand the science, psychology and meaning of colors. Visual communication designers and artists are aware that effective color palette choices are one of the techniques that enable guiding eye tracking in design. Color choices, color palette designs play an important role in visual aesthetics. In addition to the contribution of colors to visual aesthetics, the meanings they attach to the message are also important. In this study, the use of images in design applications is examined through the language of colors. The contributions of the use of color to the meaning of the image are examined through examples.

The aim of this research is to reveal the bibliometric analysis of the published articles on collective memory. For this purpose, journal articles published in the Web of Science database were examined. In the Web of Science database, the keywords; collective memory" was searched in the categories of history, geography, and educational research. The study material is limited to 1986-2021 as the year, English as the publication language and SSCI, ESCI and A&HCI as indexes. The data obtained from the Web of Science database were analyzed with the bibliometrix package included in the RStudio program. Related to the subject of collective memory, annual production, the most relevant authors, the most relevant journals, the number of article productions in countries, the most frequently used sources, the most used keywords in the researches and the current trends in the articles on the subject of collective memory were determined in the journal articles. As a result of the research, it was identified that in recent years, when the articles written on the subject of social memory in history, geography and education researches have been increasing and diversifying, issues such as commemorative culture, space, violence, power and politics have created a trend towards this field. It was determined that the most relevant countries for the subject area were the USA, England, Israel, Germany and Canada. In the articles written on collective memory, it was determined that the most frequently used keywords of the researchers were history, politics, identity, memory, war, place, holocaust, and commemoration culture. It is thought that these results will give perspective to researchers who plan to conduct research in this field.

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan "Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun" ile 18.06.2018 tarihli "Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge" gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır. ; Uluslararası ilişkilerde temel aktörlerin davranışlarını açıklamak için birçok teori geliştirilmiştir. Özellikle Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemde bu aktörlerin davranışlarını açıklamada kültürel unsurlara giderek daha fazla önem verilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda güvenlik çalışmalarında önemli bir yere sahip olan stratejik kültür devletlerin dış politika tercihlerini ve karar alma süreçlerini şekillendiren kültürel unsurları, kimliği, norm ve mitlerin oluşumunu ve etkilerini ortaya çıkarmayı hedeflemektedir. Bu çalışma, İran'ın devrim sonrası dönemde sergilediği güvenlik ve dış politika yaklaşımını stratejik kültür bağlamında ele almakta ve İran'ın stratejik kültürünün dış politikaya yansımasını incelemektedir. Dünya siyasetinde gerek söylemleri gerek eylemleri ile sıkça tartışma konusu olan İran'ın davranışları Alastair I. Johnston'un kavramsallaştırdığı stratejik kültür çerçevesinde analiz edilmektedir. Buna göre çalışmada başlıca araştırma sorular şunlardır: a) İran İslam Cumhuriyeti'nin kurulduğu günden bu yana tutarlı bir stratejik kültürü var mıdır? Evet ise, bu stratejik kültürün temel özellikleri nelerdir? b) İran'ın stratejik kültürü dış politika kararlarını ve davranışlarını etkilemekte midir? c)Evet ise, İran'ın stratejik kültürünün dış politika davranışı üzerindeki etkisi hangi örnek olay veya eylemlere yansımaktadır? Alaistair Johnston'un kavramsallaştırmasında stratejik kültür devletleri başlıca üç kategoride değerlendirmektedir; uzlaşmacı, savunmacı ve saldırgan. Yukarıdaki sorular ve bulgular ışığında bu çalışma İran'ın temelde savunmacı bir devlet olduğunu ileri sürmektedir. İran'ın savunmacı bir anlayışı benimsemesinin temelinde etrafının sürekli düşmanlarla çevrili olduğu algısı vardır. İranlı karar alıcıların zihinsel arka planında yatan bu düşünce dış politika seçeneklerini daraltmış ve güvenlik eksenli bir tutum sergilenmesi sonucunu beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu stratejik düşüncenin doğal sonucu olarak İran'ın dış politikada alanı daralmış ve bu alanda en belirgin araç olarak caydırıcılık stratejisi yer almıştır. Stratejik kültürün operasyonel kısmını oluşturan bölümde ise İran'ın stratejik kültürünün davranış üzerindeki etkisi İran-Irak Savaşı üzerinde test edilmektedir. ; Several theories have been developed to explain the behavior of key actors in international relations. Especially in the post-Cold War period, cultural elements are given more importance in explaining the behaviors of these actors. In this direction, the strategic culture, which has an important place in security studies, aims to reveal the cultural elements, identity, formation and effects of the norms and myths that shape the foreign policy preferences and decision-making processes of the states. This study examines Iran's security and foreign policy approach in the post-revolutionary era in the context of strategic culture and investigates the reflection of Iran's strategic culture on foreign policy. The behavior of Iran, which is a subject of frequent debates in world politics with its rhetoric and actions, is analyzed within the framework of strategic culture that Alastair I. Johnston conceptualizes. Accordingly, the main research questions in the study are: a) Does the Islamic Republic of Iran have a consistent strategic culture since its inception? If yes, what are the main characteristics of this strategic culture? b) Does Iran's strategic culture influence foreign policy decisions and behaviors of Iran? c) If yes, In which case events or actions does Iran's strategic culture influence its foreign policy behavior? In the conceptualization of Alaistair Johnston, strategic culture evaluates states in three main categories; accommodationist, defensive and offensive. In the light of the above questions and findings, this study suggests that Iran is essentially a defensive state. On the basis of Iran adopting a defensive understanding, there is a perception that its environment is constantly surrounded by enemies. This idea, which lies in the mental background of Iranian decision makers, narrowed its foreign policy options and the result of a security-oriented attitude has brought along. As a natural consequence of this strategic thinking, Iran's foreign policy has narrowed and a deterrence strategy has been the most prominent tool in this field. In the section that constitutes the operational part of the strategic culture, the influence of Iran's strategic culture on behavior is tested on the Iran-Iraq War.

Siyasal kültür, bireyin veya toplumun, siyasal düşünce ve davranışlarını belirleyen siyasal yapı, gelenek veeğilimler toplamıdır. En basit ifadeyle kültürün siyasal yönüdür. Siyasal kültürün oluşmasında bireylerin, siyasalsistem karşısındaki inanç, tutum ve faaliyetlerinin rolü bulunmaktadır. Siyasal kültür, farklı yöntem veçalışmalarla açıklanabilir bir kavramdır. Bu çalışmaların başında bir bölge üzerinde, alan araştırmasıyapılarak sonuçların değerlendirilmesi gelmektedir. Ancak bu çalışmada, siyasal kültürün bir sonucu olarakkabul edilen seçim sonuçları üzerinden siyasal kültür analizi yapılmaktadır. Çalışma, 1991-2015 yıllarıarasındaki genel seçim sonuçlarını, Yozgat-Bayburt örneği üzerinden karşılaştırma yaparak ortaya koymaktadır.Çalışmanın amacı, siyasal kültürün nihai sonucu olarak değerlendirilen seçim sonuçları üzerinden o ilin siyasalkültürünü anlamlandırmaktır. Seçim sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi şeklinde bir yöntem belirlenen çalışmada,sonuçtan sebebe doğru bir yaklaşım ön plana çıkarılmıştır. Kısacası siyasal kültürün sonucu olarak seçmentercihleri, başlı başına çalışmanın merkezine alınmış ve tümdengelim biçiminde sonuçlar üzerinden siyasalkültür çıkarımı yapılmıştır. "İki ilin siyasal kültürü de muhafazakar-milliyetçi temelde benzerdir" hipotezi,çalışma sonucunda doğrulanmış ve sonuç olarak iki ilin siyasal kültürüne yönelik benzerlik ve farklılıklarıbelirlenmiştir. ; Political culture is the sum of the political structure, traditions and tendencies that determine the individual's orsociety's political thought and behavior. In its simplest terms, the culture is the political direction. In theformation of political cultures are the role of individuals, their beliefs, attitudes and actions in relation to thepolitical system. Each region's political culture emerges as a factor that determines voter preferences andtherefore election results. Political culture is a concept that can be explained by different methods and studies.At the beginning of these studies, must to survey is carried out on an area to evaluate the results. However, inthis study, it is carried out political culture analysis on the results of elections which are accepted as a result ofpolitical culture. The results of the general elections between 1991 and 2015 are presented in the study by beingmake a comparison with the example of Yozgat-Bayburt. The aim of the study is to make sense of the politicalculture of the province through the election results evaluated as the final result of political culture. In the study,which is a method of evaluating the election results, an approach towards the cause has been highlighted.Briefly, as a result of the political culture, the voter preferences were taken to the center of the study and thepolitical culture was deduced from the deductive results. The hypothesis that "the political culture of the twoprovinces is similar on a conservative-nationalist basis" accepted as a result of the study and as a resultdetermined the similarities and differences for the political culture of the two provinces.

This study analyzes prophetic ḥadīths about mushrooms, particularly the ḥadīth that we refer to as "the mushroom ḥadīth." The ḥadīth reads, "The mushroom is part of manna and its water is a cure for the eyes." The beginning of the article explains the reasons the Prophet uttered these ḥadīths. Since companions held negative opinions about mushrooms—some of which can be traced back to Jāhiliyya—the Prophet intended to correct them. Mushrooms were familiar in Arab culture, hence the existence of negative opinions about them. As a widely encountered food among Arabs both before and after the emergence of Islam, information on identifying various species of mushrooms, making distinctions between poisonous and non-poisonous species, cooking methods, and references in stories and poems are plentiful and easily accessible.

With worldwide progress, development and diversification come tensions between individual, local, national, and global identities, and the fight for equality and justice and opposition to discrimination. Iran is no different, but little has been written about the historical, current, and future identities of Iran's ethnic groups. This study looks at the Azeris, Kurds, Arabs, and Baloch alongside the Persian ethnic identity, which is predominant in modern Iran and which many claim is upheld politically and socially as the ideal for a future, collective Iranian ethnic identity, promoting discrimination against different ethnic identities. This theory is grounded by conducting and analysing in-depth questionnaires across 13 Iranian provinces in relation to religious, local, and national identities; inter-ethnic cultural borders; hindrances to progressive movements; the purging of certain ethnic cultures; and possible steps to resolve crises. Some data has been extracted from the author's recently published book, From Border to Border: Comprehensive research study on identity and ethnicity in Iran. This data presents practical steps to achieving stable, equitable and sustainable cultural, social, economic, legal, and political conditions in Iran, based on the results of questionnaires. Taken into consideration is the realization of economic, socio-cultural, and political justice and indiscriminate social welfare, promoting interethnic solidarity and justice in the media, separating the legal and political systems from religious and ethno-centric thought in acknowledgement of the diversity of religious identities in Iran, and implementing the pending articles of the Constitution.

History comes across as a product of the effort to create social memory, written or verbal. It is based on information and documents and avoids emotional biases. Music, on the other hand, is a multifaceted phenomenon and its aim to entertain shapes it. On one hand, it interprets emotions, and on the other hand it bears the social, cultural and historical codes of the society to which it belongs. For this reason, it is possible to discover specific details of historical events in the kilams/songs of dengbêjs, important exponents of the Kurdish music of orality. This study focuses on unveiling traces of historical events in the songs of the dengbêjs, in context of the relationship between history and music. Information and documents dealing with the Kozanoğlu events in kilam/songs are compared. A good example of the importance of the dengbêjs in Kurdish history is taken from when in the 19th century, the Ottoman state established a military unit called Fırka-i Islahiye as a part of its policy of asserting its full dominance in rural areas, and also to carry out compulsory resettlement policies. In order to support the operation, the Kurdish chief Sürmeli Memed Pasha set out, taking with him under his auspices Evdale Zeynikê, a dengbej singer. However, the Kurdish troops reaching Kozan were defeated due to the climatic conditions and the cholera epidemic. Witnessing all the events, Evdale Zeynikê sang kilam/songs for every stop on the route and on the death of the Pasha. Throughout this account, which is based in Kurdish culture and immured with a strong dengbêj tradition, it is possible to find details of Kurdish history in the kilams/songs of the dengbêjs.

Glass has functioned as an important raw material since the day it was discovered. Glass, which was a commodity used mostly by the wealthy class to show off at the beginning, has become appealing to all segments of the society with the development of different manufacture techniques and the acceleration of manufacture. Glass containers, especially in different container forms such as bowls, glasses and bottles, have become an important part of social life and have been used extensively. There are also many glass vessels in the inventory of Aydın Museum. Despite the fact that the vessels discussed in this study were brought to the museum through purchase, donation or confiscation, they were mostly found intact, suggesting that the vessels are grave finds. A general evaluation of the vessels in question has not been made before and has not been brought to the literature. Evaluation of vessels is very important in terms of determining both the period in which they were used and in which geographies similar samples spread. In addition, it also allows us to obtain data in a general framework about the manufacture place or manufacture tradition of the vessels in the museum inventory. In this direction, it was understood that the glass vessels in the Aydın Museum inventory were produced in similar forms in accordance with the typology discussed in previous studies on the region. In addition, as in other regions of Anatolia, it can be thought that it interacted with the Eastern Mediterranean cultures or that the Eastern Mediterranean culture spread over a wide geography. Therefore, even if no definite information can be given about the manufacture site of the vessels, the findings regarding glass furnaces or glass manufacture previously unearthed in the region suggest that the vessels may have been produced within the region and possibly in cities such as Tralleis, Alabanda, Nysa, Magnesia, etc.

ÖZETİSTANBUL VE ST. PETERSBURG'UN YÖNETİM YAPISI ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR İNCELEMETürkiye ve Rusya arasında, komşuluk ilişkilerine dayanan başta siyasi, tarihi, kültürel, ekonomik, sosyolojik ve daha birçok sahadaki yakınlıktan söz etmek mümkündür. Türkiye ve Rusya arasındaki ilişkilere katkı sağlaması noktasında, akademik araştırmaların ne kadar büyük bir öneme haiz olduğu herkesçe malumdur. Özellikle şehir, şehircilik, şehir yönetimi vb. konulardaki karşılaştırmalı çalışmaların yetersizliği bu incelemenin yapılmasına zemin oluşturmuştur. Bu bağlamda, "İstanbul ve St. Petersburg'un Yönetim Yapısı Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir İnceleme" başlıklı bu çalışmada, iki farklı merkezi yönetim kültüründen gelen İstanbul ve St. Petersburg şehirlerinin metropoliten şehir yönetimi ve şehircilik anlamındaki yönetim yapılarının rolü karşılaştırılmalı bir bakış açısıyla ele alınmıştır. Beş bölümden oluşan çalışmada, her iki şehir arasındaki benzerlik ve farklılıklar ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca, İstanbul ve St. Petersburg şehirlerinin yönetim yapılarının doğru bir şekilde karşılaştırılması noktasında, New York, São Paulo, Londra, Kahire ve Tokyo şehirlerinin yönetim yapısı da çalışmaya konu edinilmiştir. Çalışmada ayrıca, konu hakkında yazılan kitap, bilimsel çalışma, makale, kanun, yönetmelik, belediyelerin resmi internet siteleri ve kişisel değerlendirmelerden istifade edilmiştir. ABSTRACTA COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE OF ISTANBUL AND ST. PETERSBURG It is possible to mention about chiefly the political, historical, cultural, economical, sociological closeness and in many more fields which are based on the neighboring relationships between Russia and Turkey. It is known by everyone how important the academic studies are in terms of contributing to the relationships between Turkey and Russia. In particular, the insufficiency of the comparative studies such as city, city government, urbanization etc. has established a foundation to the investigation of these kind of studies. In this scope, with in this study that is called "A Comparative Study On The Administrative Structure Of Istanbul and St. Petersburg" coming from two different central governing cultures, the role of the administrative structures of those cities have been examined in terms of the metropolitan city governing and urbanization. The similarities and differences have been put forward in this study consisting of five parts. On top of that, New York, São Paulo, London, Cairo and Tokyo cities administrative structures have also been included in the study to be able to the correct comparison of the administrative structures of Istanbul and St. Petersburg. Moreover, in this study, lots of books, scientific researches, articles, laws, instructions, some municipalities official web-sites and personal evaluations have been utilized related to the topic.

Heyet‐i Temsiliye'nin kurulma fikri, Haziran 1919'da yayımlanan Amasya Genelgesi ile ortaya çıkmıştır. Millî Mücadele'nin gerekçesi ve yönteminin belirlendiği bu genelgede yer alan: "milletin içinde bulunduğu durum ve şartların gereğini yerine getirmek ve haklarını gür sesle cihana duyurmak için her türlü baskı ve kontrolden uzak millî bir heyetin varlığı zaruridir" maddesi doğrudan Heyet‐i Temsiliye'nin kurulmasına yönelik bir çağrıdır. Heyet‐i Temsiliye bir siyasi teşekkül olarak Erzurum'da doğmuş daha sonra tüm yurdu kapsayan bir anlayışla varlığını devam ettirmiştir. Bu çalışmada Heyet‐i Temsiliye'nin siyasi kültür içerisindeki yeri, önemi ve faaliyetleri hakkında incelemeler yer alacaktır. Heyet‐i Temsiliye, bugün demokrasi anlayışımızın doğuşunda ve Cumhuriyet fikrinin beyinlerde yer etmesinde büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Zira daha Osmanlı Devleti yıkılmadan önce kurulan Heyet‐i Temsiliye çoğunluk esası içerisinde hareket etmiş ve alınan kararlarda demokrasi kültürüne sadık kalınacağına dair teminat vermiştir. Son tahlilde Heyet‐i Temsiliye, milletin temsilcisi konumunda, devlet teşkilatının özünü oluşturan kuruluşları yapılandırmak ve bu konsensüs içerisinde TBMM'nin açılmasını hazırlamak gibi önemli çalışmalar yapmış, Cumhuriyet kültürünün önemli bir mihenk taşı olarak tarihte yer etmiştir. ; The idea regarding the foundation of the Representative Committee was issued in Amasya Circular in June 1919. This circular coversthe reasons stating the requirements of the Independence War and its methods. The following item of this circular is directly about the foundation of The Repre‐ sentative Committee: "the existence of a national delegation away from all kinds of oppression and control, isessential to fulfill the current state of the nation and the necessity of the conditions and to announce their rights in a strong voice". The Representative Committeeemerged in Erzurum as a political organization and continued its existence with a mentality including the whole homeland. The position and importance of the Representative Committee in the political culture and its activi‐ ties are stated in this study. The Representative Committee is highly important for the emergence of today's democracy perception and penetrating the Republican idea to the minds. The Representati‐ ve Committee, founded beforethe collapse of the Ottoman Empire, kept on its activities based on the majority rule and declared its loyalty to the cultural democracy while making decisions As a result, the Representative Committee, as an agent of a nation, configured the institutionsthat build up the origin of the state organization and carried out therequired studies forthe establish‐ ment of the Great National Parliament of Turkey and placed as an important milestone of the Republican culture in the history.

Bu çalışma, siyaset psikolojisinin inceleme alanı olan "siyaset ve duygular" konusunda Türkçe eser eksikliği göz önünde bulundurularak hazırlanmıştır. Yaşamın her anını etkileyen duyguların, insanların siyasal davranışları üzerinde fark yaratmadığını düşünmek mümkün değildir. Bu düşünce çerçevesinde olumlu ve olumsuz duyguların siyasal davranışa ve siyasal davranışın en çok üzerinde durulan konularından biri olan siyasal katılım üzerinde yarattığı fark araştırılmıştır. Öncelikle siyasal katılım, toplumlarda etkili olan farklı siyasal kültürler ve siyaset ile ilişkisini irdelediğimiz duygular açıklanmıştır. Bu noktada öne çıkan duygular mutluluk, güven, umut ile öfke, korku ve nefret olmuştur. Duygular seçilirken, yapılan yabancı çalışmalar ve ülkemizde siyasal alanda etkisinin yoğun olduğu düşünülen duyguların bir sentezi yapılmıştır. Kolay ulaşılabilir örnekleme yöntemine göre düzenlenmiş anket yoluyla elde edilen veriler yorumlanmıştır. Çalışmanın siyaset bilimine ve özellikle siyaset – duygu ilişkisine katkı yapması beklenmektedir. Veri dağılımı geniş bir alan araştırması yapılması halinde, ileride yapılacak olan çalışmalar siyaset – duygu ilişkisine dair daha kapsamlı yorumlar ortaya koyabilir. ; This study was prepared considering the lack of Turkish work on "politics and emotions", which is the field of study of political psychology. It is not possible to think that emotions that affect every moment of life do not make a difference on people's political behaviour. Within the framework of this thought, the difference that positive and negative emotions make on political behaviours and political participation, which is one of the most emphasized issues of political behaviours, has been investigated. First of all, political participation, different political cultures that are influential in societies and the emotions that we examine in relation to politics are explained. Emotions that came to the fore at this point were happiness, trust, hope, anger, fear, and hatred. While choosing the emotions, a synthesis of the foreign studies and the emotions that are thought to have an intense effect on the political field in our country have been made. The data obtained through the questionnaire arranged according to the easily accessible sampling method were interpreted. This study is expected to contribute to political science and especially the relationship between politics and emotions. In the case of a large field study of data distribution, future studies may reveal more comprehensive interpretations of the relationship between politics and emotions.