Bugüne kadar Osmanlı ceza hukuku alanında ve daha özelde XIX. yüzyıl Osmanlı ceza hukuku alanında yapılan çalışmaların birçoğunun teorik olduğu görülmekte, pratik üzerinden teorik söylemlerin geliştirildiği çok az çalışmaya şahit olunmaktadır. Son dönem Osmanlı ceza hukukunun değişimine dair önemli çalışmaları olan Omri Paz, Who Killed Panayot? adını verdiği, 1850 yılında İzmir'de meydana gelen görünürde basit bir afyon hırsızlığı olayının, dönemin Osmanlı Hariciye nazırı ve İngiliz büyükelçisi düzeyinde yapılan yazışmalara nasıl konu olduğunu anlattığı bu çalışmasında, aslında Tanzimat sonrası Osmanlı'nın ceza hukuku alanında yaptığı reformlara dair çok önemli bilgileri bir olay merkezinde kalarak sunmuştur.
Political Culture in the Baltic States: Between National and European Integration är en gedigen studie av demokratins ställning i de baltiska staterna och den kritiska roll som etniska skiljelinjer kan ha i demokratiseringprocesser. Den har mycket att erbjuda både områdesspecialister och läsare med ett mer allmänt intresse för demokrati och politisk kultur.
Political Culture in the Baltic States: Between National and European Integration is a thorough study of the situation of democracy in the Baltic states, and the critical role of ethnic cleavages in processes of democratization. It has much to offer to area specialists as well as to readers more generally interested in democracy and political culture.
Many cultural assets unearthed in archaeological excavations, elements that make up the culture of the settled communities such as technology, art, economy and, if any, can be revealed through written sources. However, in the case of nomadic communities, there is a prejudice that temporary shelters made of lightweight materials are "invisible communities" defined by only a small number of material items available for transportation. As a result of these prejudices, the nomadic culture has been tried to be understood either through negative elements in the settlements, written sources written by the settlers, or through ethnoarchaeological research. In the Archeology Department of Atatürk University Social Sciences Institute, under the supervision of Proffesor Dr Mehmet Işıklı, the "Archaeological Evidence of Nomadic Culture in the Southeast Anatolian Region: An Ethnoarchaeological Study" one of the important questions encountered during the studies carried out within the scope of the doctoral thesis titled " to what extent modern nomadic communities will reflect the cultures of the ancient period" has been.
In this article, the question "what is culture" was chosen as the first step to start looking for answers to all these unknowns and questions, within the framework of the great transformations of humanity in the transition to a production economy, the elements that make up the culture were examined, and the elements of culture were discussed through the answers given by different scientists to this question.
The design process, which starts with identifying the design problem in design studies, is completed by conveying the message of the creative visual solution to the target audience. The images used in the design for the target audience are carefully selected by the design team. Images have a universal language and are transmitted faster than written texts. Images have layers of meaning as cultural indicators of their own time. For this reason, the most frequently used method for examining and interpreting images is semiotics. The colors used in the design also represent culture. Each color can have personal meanings as well as cultural and universal meanings. Color constitutes an important code system in the reading of images through semiotics. To develop the ability to incorporate colors into design, it is necessary to understand the science, psychology and meaning of colors. Visual communication designers and artists are aware that effective color palette choices are one of the techniques that enable guiding eye tracking in design. Color choices, color palette designs play an important role in visual aesthetics. In addition to the contribution of colors to visual aesthetics, the meanings they attach to the message are also important. In this study, the use of images in design applications is examined through the language of colors. The contributions of the use of color to the meaning of the image are examined through examples.
The aim of this research is to reveal the bibliometric analysis of the published articles on collective memory. For this purpose, journal articles published in the Web of Science database were examined. In the Web of Science database, the keywords; collective memory" was searched in the categories of history, geography, and educational research. The study material is limited to 1986-2021 as the year, English as the publication language and SSCI, ESCI and A&HCI as indexes. The data obtained from the Web of Science database were analyzed with the bibliometrix package included in the RStudio program. Related to the subject of collective memory, annual production, the most relevant authors, the most relevant journals, the number of article productions in countries, the most frequently used sources, the most used keywords in the researches and the current trends in the articles on the subject of collective memory were determined in the journal articles. As a result of the research, it was identified that in recent years, when the articles written on the subject of social memory in history, geography and education researches have been increasing and diversifying, issues such as commemorative culture, space, violence, power and politics have created a trend towards this field. It was determined that the most relevant countries for the subject area were the USA, England, Israel, Germany and Canada. In the articles written on collective memory, it was determined that the most frequently used keywords of the researchers were history, politics, identity, memory, war, place, holocaust, and commemoration culture. It is thought that these results will give perspective to researchers who plan to conduct research in this field.
This article begins by examining strategic culture studies, in particular Alan Bloomfield's concept of different sub-cultures in strategic culture. It then focuses on the border between Russia and Finland and how Finnish EU membership was made possible by Finland's decision not to challenge the WWII border treaty with the Soviet Union after the Soviet collapse. Next, it investigates the debates and public opinion relating to Finland's 1994 EU referendum, to see how the dynamics changed three strategic cultural sub-groups: "self-defence", "Westernisers" (including Western international organizations) and "Reassurance and Dialogue with Russia". In conclusion, it is argued that EU membership altered the hierarchy of these strategic culture sub-groups in Finland, as well as their substance. These changes were, however, more evolutionary than revolutionary.
This study analyzes prophetic ḥadīths about mushrooms, particularly the ḥadīth that we refer to as "the mushroom ḥadīth." The ḥadīth reads, "The mushroom is part of manna and its water is a cure for the eyes." The beginning of the article explains the reasons the Prophet uttered these ḥadīths. Since companions held negative opinions about mushrooms—some of which can be traced back to Jāhiliyya—the Prophet intended to correct them. Mushrooms were familiar in Arab culture, hence the existence of negative opinions about them. As a widely encountered food among Arabs both before and after the emergence of Islam, information on identifying various species of mushrooms, making distinctions between poisonous and non-poisonous species, cooking methods, and references in stories and poems are plentiful and easily accessible.
With worldwide progress, development and diversification come tensions between individual, local, national, and global identities, and the fight for equality and justice and opposition to discrimination. Iran is no different, but little has been written about the historical, current, and future identities of Iran's ethnic groups. This study looks at the Azeris, Kurds, Arabs, and Baloch alongside the Persian ethnic identity, which is predominant in modern Iran and which many claim is upheld politically and socially as the ideal for a future, collective Iranian ethnic identity, promoting discrimination against different ethnic identities. This theory is grounded by conducting and analysing in-depth questionnaires across 13 Iranian provinces in relation to religious, local, and national identities; inter-ethnic cultural borders; hindrances to progressive movements; the purging of certain ethnic cultures; and possible steps to resolve crises. Some data has been extracted from the author's recently published book, From Border to Border: Comprehensive research study on identity and ethnicity in Iran. This data presents practical steps to achieving stable, equitable and sustainable cultural, social, economic, legal, and political conditions in Iran, based on the results of questionnaires. Taken into consideration is the realization of economic, socio-cultural, and political justice and indiscriminate social welfare, promoting interethnic solidarity and justice in the media, separating the legal and political systems from religious and ethno-centric thought in acknowledgement of the diversity of religious identities in Iran, and implementing the pending articles of the Constitution.
History comes across as a product of the effort to create social memory, written or verbal. It is based on information and documents and avoids emotional biases. Music, on the other hand, is a multifaceted phenomenon and its aim to entertain shapes it. On one hand, it interprets emotions, and on the other hand it bears the social, cultural and historical codes of the society to which it belongs. For this reason, it is possible to discover specific details of historical events in the kilams/songs of dengbêjs, important exponents of the Kurdish music of orality. This study focuses on unveiling traces of historical events in the songs of the dengbêjs, in context of the relationship between history and music. Information and documents dealing with the Kozanoğlu events in kilam/songs are compared. A good example of the importance of the dengbêjs in Kurdish history is taken from when in the 19th century, the Ottoman state established a military unit called Fırka-i Islahiye as a part of its policy of asserting its full dominance in rural areas, and also to carry out compulsory resettlement policies. In order to support the operation, the Kurdish chief Sürmeli Memed Pasha set out, taking with him under his auspices Evdale Zeynikê, a dengbej singer. However, the Kurdish troops reaching Kozan were defeated due to the climatic conditions and the cholera epidemic. Witnessing all the events, Evdale Zeynikê sang kilam/songs for every stop on the route and on the death of the Pasha. Throughout this account, which is based in Kurdish culture and immured with a strong dengbêj tradition, it is possible to find details of Kurdish history in the kilams/songs of the dengbêjs.
Glass has functioned as an important raw material since the day it was discovered. Glass, which was a commodity used mostly by the wealthy class to show off at the beginning, has become appealing to all segments of the society with the development of different manufacture techniques and the acceleration of manufacture. Glass containers, especially in different container forms such as bowls, glasses and bottles, have become an important part of social life and have been used extensively. There are also many glass vessels in the inventory of Aydın Museum. Despite the fact that the vessels discussed in this study were brought to the museum through purchase, donation or confiscation, they were mostly found intact, suggesting that the vessels are grave finds. A general evaluation of the vessels in question has not been made before and has not been brought to the literature. Evaluation of vessels is very important in terms of determining both the period in which they were used and in which geographies similar samples spread. In addition, it also allows us to obtain data in a general framework about the manufacture place or manufacture tradition of the vessels in the museum inventory. In this direction, it was understood that the glass vessels in the Aydın Museum inventory were produced in similar forms in accordance with the typology discussed in previous studies on the region. In addition, as in other regions of Anatolia, it can be thought that it interacted with the Eastern Mediterranean cultures or that the Eastern Mediterranean culture spread over a wide geography. Therefore, even if no definite information can be given about the manufacture site of the vessels, the findings regarding glass furnaces or glass manufacture previously unearthed in the region suggest that the vessels may have been produced within the region and possibly in cities such as Tralleis, Alabanda, Nysa, Magnesia, etc.
