Suchergebnisse

Chan, Siu-han. ; Thesis submitted in: July 2004. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 184-193). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; ABSTRACT --- p.i ; 論文摘要 --- p.ii ; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iii ; CONTENTS --- p.v ; INTRODUCTION ; Chapter 1.1 --- Empirical Puzzles and Theoretical Concern --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.2 --- The Cultural Scene in Hong Kong --- p.5 ; Chapter 1.3 --- Defining the New Wave Cinema --- p.8 ; Chapter 1.4 --- The Objectives of the Thesis --- p.12 ; Chapter Chapter 2 --- In Quest of Theoretical Perspective and Analytical Framework ; Chapter 2.1 --- Existing Studies of the New Wave Cinema --- p.13 ; Chapter 2.2 --- The Study of Popular Culture in Hong Kong --- p.21 ; Chapter 2.3 --- Culture Industry: The Approach of the Frankfurt School --- p.28 ; Chapter 2.4 --- The Elective Affinity of Culture Industry with Hong Kong Society --- p.33 ; Chapter 2.5 --- Analytical Framework --- p.36 ; Chapter Chapter 3 --- The Anxiety of Political Subjectivity ; Chapter 3.1 --- Prelude --- p.45 ; Chapter 3.2 --- The Perturbed Hong Kong People --- p.50 ; Chapter 3.3 --- The Hong Kong Diaspora --- p.57 ; Chapter 3.4 --- The Negative Projection on the Colonizers --- p.60 ; Chapter 3.5 --- The Ambivalence Towards the Motherland´ؤChina --- p.66 ; Chapter 3.6 --- Discourse on Political Modernization: The Anxiety of Political Subjectivity --- p.86 ; Chapter Chapter 4 --- The Contradiction of Societal Modernization ; Chapter 4.1 --- Prelude --- p.89 ; Chapter 4.2 --- Looking back at the Pre-modernized Social Order --- p.91 ; Chapter 4.3 --- Rethinking the Entanglement of the Old and the New --- p.102 ; Chapter 4.4 --- Representing the Modernized New Social Order --- p.110 ; Chapter 4.5 --- Discourse on Societal Modernization: The Contradiction of Societal Modernization --- p.123 ; Chapter Chapter 5 --- The Fragility of Hong Kong Cultural Identity ; Chapter 5.1 --- Prelude --- p.126 ; Chapter 5.2 --- Historical Memories as Cultural Receptacles --- p.128 ...

Ming, Sze Chai. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 132-140). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese, some text in appendix also in Chinese. ; ABSTRACT ; ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ; TABLE OF CONTENTS ; LIST OF FIGURES ; LIST OF TABLES ; LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ; Chapter CHAPTER ONE --- INTRODUCTION ; Chapter 1.1 --- Research Background --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.2 --- Research Questions and Objectives --- p.2 ; Chapter 1.3 --- Research Significance --- p.3 ; Chapter 1.4 --- Research Area --- p.4 ; Chapter 1.5 --- Thesis Outline --- p.6 ; Chapter CHAPTER TWO --- URBAN TRANSFORMATION OF CHINA AFTER 1979 ; Chapter 2.1 --- Urban Development before 1978 --- p.7 ; Chapter 2.2 --- Two Fundamental Issues of Urban Transformation in China --- p.9 ; Chapter 2.3 --- Major Transformation in the Post-Reform China --- p.11 ; Chapter 2.3.1 --- The Emergence of the Market --- p.11 ; Chapter 2.3.2 --- Decentralization --- p.12 ; Chapter 2.3.3 --- Globalization --- p.13 ; Chapter 2.3.4 --- A New Form of Government Behaviour: Growth Coalitions --- p.16 ; Chapter 2.3.5 --- Interaction between Central and Local Government --- p.18 ; Chapter 2.3.6 --- Interaction among Local Governments --- p.21 ; Chapter 2.3.7 --- Changes in the Social-Cultural Environment --- p.22 ; Chapter 2.4 --- Previous Studies on Kunshan --- p.27 ; Chapter 2.5 --- Summary --- p.29 ; Chapter CHAPTER THREE --- CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND RESEARCH DESIGN ; Chapter 3.1 --- Research Objectives --- p.30 ; Chapter 3.2 --- Conceptual Framework: System Approach --- p.32 ; Chapter 3.2.1 --- Components and Operation of a System --- p.34 ; Chapter 3.2.1.1 --- Inputs --- p.35 ; Chapter 3.2.1.2 --- Processes --- p.38 ; Chapter 3.2.1.3 --- Outputs --- p.38 ; Chapter 3.2.1.4 --- Feedback --- p.39 ; Chapter 3.3 --- Research Framework and Design --- p.39 ; Chapter 3.3.1 --- Case Study --- p.40 ; Chapter 3.3.2 --- Documentary and Data Analysis --- p.41 ; Chapter 3.3.3 --- Interviews --- p.41 ; Chapter 3.3.4 --- Fieldwork --- p.43 ...

Cheng, Connie. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. ; Includes bibliographical references (p. 182-192). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese ; appendix in Chinese. ; Thesis / Assessment Committee --- p.i ; Abstracts --- p.ii ; Acknowledgements --- p.iv ; "A Note on the Use of Chinese / Japanese Terms, Names, and Webpage Materials" --- p.V ; Table of Contents --- p.vi ; Chapter Chapter 1: --- Preface --- p.1 ; Objectives and Significance --- p.4 ; Issues to be Addressed --- p.5 ; Methodologies --- p.10 ; Structure of the Thesis --- p.12 ; Chapter Chapter 2: --- The Rise of Japanese Pop Culture in Hong Kong - The 1980s --- p.15 ; Japan's Economic Influences in Hong Kong --- p.15 ; Japanese Popular Culture Boom in Hong Kong --- p.19 ; Tourist Flows to Japan in the 1980s --- p.31 ; Chapter Chapter 3: --- The Second Japanese Popular Culture Boom - The 1990s --- p.38 ; The Change in Economic and Social Environment --- p.38 ; Japanese Popular Culture Continues to Flourish --- p.40 ; Japanese Pop Music (J-pop) --- p.40 ; "Animation, Comic and Game (ACG)" --- p.42 ; Japanese Television Dramas --- p.47 ; Hong Kong Tourists to Japan and the Development of Cultural Pilgrimage --- p.56 ; Chapter Chapter 4: --- The Age of Cultural Pilgrimage - the 2000s --- p.64 ; Hong Kong People's Consumption of Japanese Products --- p.64 ; Pop Songs --- p.64 ; Television Dramas --- p.65 ; ACG --- p.66 ; Tours to Japan --- p.69 ; Pop Culture Tourism and Cultural Pilgrimage --- p.75 ; Governmental Strategies --- p.77 ; Tour Agencies' Strategies --- p.87 ; Self-guided Tourists --- p.91 ; Chapter Chapter 5: --- Case Studies of Hong Kong Young People who Performed Cultural Pilgrimages to Japan --- p.112 ; Case 1 --- p.113 ; Case 2 --- p.117 ; Case 3 --- p.121 ; Case 4 --- p.125 ; Case 5 --- p.129 ; Case 6 --- p.135 ; Case 7 --- p.138 ; Case 8 --- p.142 ; Case 9 --- p.146 ; Case 10 --- p.149 ; General Remarks --- p.154 ; Chapter Chapter 6: --- Concluding Analysis --- p.157 ; Chapter 1. --- Cultural Pilgrimage and the Cultural ...

如果將崔健的專輯《新長征路上的搖滾》視為中國搖滾樂的正式開端,中國搖滾樂儼然已有近三十年的歷史。作為一種西方另類文化產品的追隨者,中國搖滾樂並沒有簡單複製西方搖滾樂史;作為一種流行次文化現象,中國搖滾樂生動地反映和再現着中國社會的面貌及其歷史變遷,而這一在中國文化語境下的反映和再現則正是中國搖滾樂作為一種風格的原創性所在。本文試圖探討中國搖滾樂中的「中國元素」。為了能夠縱觀這三十年的歷史,筆者特意挑選崔健、唐朝樂隊、二手玫瑰樂隊作為三個「十年」的突出代表來進行考察。 ; 作為中國搖滾樂的先驅者,在崔健的音樂作品中保留著一種「紅色情結」,一些革命年代的印記依舊會在他的歌曲中顯現;另外,崔健的一句「一無所有」喊出了那一代青年人的心聲,這種直白地表達在當時不自覺地帶有了一種比較嚴肅的政治含意,也因此使中國搖滾樂的命運同西方搖滾樂一樣,最先以一種反叛的不安分子形象示人;唐朝樂隊是中國搖滾樂「黃金時代」的代表,對中國古代輝煌歷史時期的追憶,加之重金屬音樂風格的衝擊力,使其再造了一個理想的中國陽剛之氣──「文武雙全」;創新性地將搖滾和東北二人轉風格元素相結合使二手玫瑰樂隊成為近期中國搖滾樂的一朵奇葩, 他們既娛樂又嚴肅的反諷風格豐富了中國搖滾樂的語匯。通過對這三例的並置對比,本文意在論證三十年間中國搖滾樂中的「中國性」在體現方式上的微妙變化以及其風格演變的過程。 ; Having a history of nearly thirty years, Chinese rock is not only a term that indicates a regional genre, but also a specific music style. Its originality lies in its intimate relation with the particular social and economic conditions of China. This thesis focuses on "Chineseness" in Chinese rock, which covers musical characteristics, political identity, traditional and ancient culture and regional performing arts. In order to demonstrate its historical development, I choose and discuss three musical acts from each decade in Chinese rock history. They are Cui Jian in the 1980s, Tang Dynasty in the 1990s and Second Hand Rose after 2000. ; Widely regarded as the forerunner of Chinese rock, Cui Jian's music has a "red" ideology; meanwhile, his brave expression of the inner youth voice of that generation also give Chinese rock a rebellious image from the very beginning. Tang Dynasty represents Chinese rock's "golden age". Through invoking a glorious period in China's ancient history, they build an ideal Chinese masculinity in their style of heavy metal. Second Hand Rose innovatively absorbs elements from secular performing art in their music, criticizing new societal conditions in an ironic way. This thesis concludes with the view that the expression of "Chineseness in Chinese rock has been continually transforming throughout the decades, and those Chinese rock musicians' attitudes toward an "ideal" conceptualization of China have likewise ...

Au-Yeung Chi-ying. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. ; Includqes bibliographical references (leaves 143-161). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION ; The Issue --- p.1 ; The Case of Sun Ben wen --- p.10 ; Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- CULTURE AND SOCIAL CHANGE ; Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.19 ; Chapter 2.2 --- Cultural Environment and Social Life --- p.20 ; Chapter 2.3 --- Social Change As Cultural Change --- p.24 ; Chapter 2.4 --- Culture and Social Change in Modern China --- p.28 ; Chapter 2.5 --- Social Progress: Towards a Modern Society --- p.33 ; Chapter 2.6 --- Social Reconstruction: Man Made Social Changes --- p.38 ; Chapter 2.7 --- Conclusion --- p.39 ; Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- SOLVING SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN MODERN CHINA: CULTURE AND POLITICS ; Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.41 ; Chapter 3.2 --- Defining Social Problems --- p.43 ; Chapter 3.3 --- Cultural Maladjustment: The Cause of Social Problems in Modern China --- p.44 ; Chapter 3.4 --- Rural Problem: A Cultural Problem --- p.50 ; Economic Problems ; Educational Problems ; Problems of Public Health ; Problems of Collective Organizational Forms ; Chapter 3.5 --- Rural Problem: A Political Problem --- p.59 ; Chapter 3.6 --- Conclusion --- p.62 ; Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- "SOCIOLOGISTS AND THE STATE: THE CASE OF THE SOCIOLOGY DEPARTMENT, NATIONAL CENTRAL UNIVERSITY" ; Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.64 ; Chapter 4.2 --- "Establishment of the Sociology Department, 1928 " --- p.65 ; Chapter 4.3 --- Closures of the Sociology Department in the 1930s --- p.73 ; The 1932 Crisis ; The 1936 Crisis ; Chapter 4.4 --- "The Ministry of Society and the Re-opening of the Sociology Department, 1941 " --- p.82 ; Chapter 4.5 --- Conclusion --- p.89 ; Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- LIMITED ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE ACADEMIC SOCIOLOGISTS IN REPUBLICAN CHINA ; Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.92 ; Chapter 5.2 --- Sun Benwen's Cultural Eclecticism --- p.93 ; Liang Shuming's Cultural Conservatism ; Chen Xujing's Wholesale ...

本文主要考察社会主义中国的文化政策经历了怎样的发展变化,并试图回答自1949年以来中国共产党是如何介入与领导当代中国的文化,其文化治理的理论与实践又是如何发展与转变,对文化领域又产生了怎样的影响。 ; 与只对政策文件进行解读的传统政策研究不同,本研究采用文化的政治经济学和文化社会学取经,结合宏观与微观、观念与实践两个层面,对上述问题进行考察与分析,从而梳理出中国文化政策发展变化的历史脉络。除了对中共制订的政策文件及主要思想理论进行梳理与分析外,本文选取了代表中国社会主义国家特色的上海市工人文化宮及其话剧生产为个案研究对象,通过文献研究、实地考察、深度访谈、历史比较分析等方法,具体深入地考察文化主体与文化政策之间的关系,尤其是在后毛泽东时代的发展变化,以此勾勒出社会主义中国文化政策从思维到实践的运动轨迹。 ; 本文希望通过这一研究可以在以下三个方面有所贡献:(1)梳理出一种社会主义中国的文化政策的历史脉络;(2)试图通过个体深访和个体口述史,来考察社会主义中国文化政策与个体的关系,从而在微观上提供关于社会主义中国文化政策的重要实证数据。并且,(3)在中观和宏观的层面上建议一种关于社会主义中国文化政策研究的理论框架,作为今后这一研究课题发展的一个基础;(4)通过比较中国与西方发达资本主义国家之间文化政策发展与运动趋势的异同,反思中国文化政策的转型,从而为推进中国文化政策的发展与进步建言。最后,希望本论文可以对社会主义国家或发展中国家的文化政策研究提供中国经验的参考与启发。需要强调的是,本文并非急于给社会主义中国文化政策的历史变迁下定论,限于历史资料收集的有限性和文化政策历时研究的复杂性,本文主要是通过现有的史料和相关数据,来做一项关于社会主义中国文化政策领域的开拓性的基础研究,也是为日后中国文化政策研究的发展做一种铺垫。 ; The thesis project attempts to answer the questions about how the Chinese Communist Party governs the cultural domain in Contemporary China, and how the cultural governance develops and influences cultural production in China since 1949. ; This research tries systematically explores the development of the cultural policy of Socialist China by focusing on Shanghai Municipal Workers Palace of Culture and its cultural production, which is an understudied topic in Chinese Studies. Through investigating the CCP's theories, thoughts and policies in cultural sphere, the ways and rules of producing literature and art, it will systematically analyze the relationship of the Chinese party-state and culture in different historical periods, and illustrate the development of the CCP's cultural policy from theory to practice. ; The study mainly adopts Cultural Political Economy and Sociology of Culture approaches. Different from traditional cultural policy studies, it is a historical and comparative empirical inquiry with an integrated macro and micro perspective. The study introduces qualitative methods including archive analysis, field study, in-depth interview, oral history, participant observation, and historical comparative analysis and etc, to answer the ...

Chan Ka Yan. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves p. 93-100). ; Discography: p. 101. ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction: Resistance & Incorporation in Subcultural Studies --- p.1 ; Research Objective --- p.1 ; The Case --- p.2 ; Conceptualizing Subcultures --- p.3 ; Resistance: An Antagonistic Relation between Subculture and Dominant Culture --- p.9 ; Incorporation: An Exploitative Relation between Subculture and Dominant Culture --- p.12 ; A Critique on Post-war Youth Subculture Studies --- p.15 ; Local Studies on Subcultures and Alternative Music --- p.17 ; Conceptual Framework --- p.21 ; Research Methods --- p.22 ; Major Argument and Outline of Paper --- p.28 ; Chapter Chapter 2 --- Subcultural Discourse: Textual Analysis on LMF Music --- p.30 ; Lazy Clan: Dominant Values vs. Subterranean Values --- p.31 ; Hong Kong for Sure: Distrust of SAR Government --- p.34 ; Challenging Music Industry --- p.35 ; Attacking the Media: 'Uknuwudafuckimsayin' --- p.36 ; Dramatized Masculinity --- p.38 ; Subcultural Resistance? --- p.40 ; Chapter Chapter 3 --- Youth's Body as a Battleground: Reception Studies --- p.45 ; Domination --- p.50 ; Negotiation --- p.57 ; Resistance --- p.66 ; "Conclusion: Discursive Struggle - Domination, Negotiation and Resistance" --- p.70 ; Chapter Chapter 4 --- Dialectic between Incorporation and Excorporation --- p.73 ; LMF in Mainstream Record Industry --- p.73 ; LMF in Advertisements --- p.75 ; LMF in Media --- p.77 ; Conclusion: Dialectic of Incorporation and Excorporation --- p.80 ; Chapter Chapter 5 --- "Conclusion: Populist Resistance, Multiple Identities and Imagined Authenticity" --- p.84 ; Populist Resistance --- p.85 ; Multiple Identities --- p.87 ; Imagined Authenticity --- p.89 ; References --- p.93

"耽美"来源于日本,是以女性读者群为主要受众、描写男性与男性之间浪漫关系或性关系的文学或艺术作品,也被称为BL(Boy's Love)。喜爱耽美的女性爱好者被称为"腐女"。耽美文化自1990 年代后期随着日本流行文化进入中国,至今已在中国网络空间中逐渐发展成为一个主要由女性网民所组成的,包含文本创作、阅读与交流的文化圈。与此同时,耽美文化的流行亦引发了中国当下种种对性与性别问题的思考。 ; 本研究将耽美文化解译为"女性幻想男男之爱"的欲望结构,从精神分析幻想理论与酷儿理论的视角来考察中国网络中的耽美文化现象。论文所围绕的一个问题是,耽美文化与中国社会文化中的性/别话语产生了怎样的关系,以及如何从腐女的耽美幻想中搭建起与现实性/别政治的联系。研究首先分析了两类网络耽美小说文本,分别来看它们与1990年代以后的"男同性恋"身份话语,和2000年代以后对"中国古典文化"想象之间的吸收、挪用与再创造;其次以网络腐女圈的论坛讨论与配对狂欢为对象,研究网络耽美式恶搞对官方媒体、主流男性形象和异性恋规范的权威所潜在的颠覆性;最后以2011年一桩"腐女被抓案"新闻报道为契机,来观察耽美文化与网络淫秽色情审查的纠葛、冲突与可能的出路。 ; 欲望幻想的流动性决定着它边界的模糊与开放,以及它承载、影响乃至侵扰"现实"秩序的功能。因此,作为一种女性的男性同性情欲幻想,本研究视耽美文化最引人注目的地方不在于其本身的出现与流行程度,而在于它与各种性/别话语的相互建构与矛盾冲突。此外,在对幻想文本、网络话语以及腐女群体的调查中,本研究也期待探索某种"酷儿"政治在中国网络文化中生产的可能性。 ; Boy's love (BL in short; danmei in Chinese) is a Japanese term for female-oriented fictional media, which focuses on love, sex and romance between beautiful androgynous boys or young men. Apart from the gay self-representations, BL is a genre of male homoeroticism by and for mostly heterosexual women. In China, the BL fans call themselves "Fu Nu", which means "rotten girl", to describe their enthusiasm for fantasizing male homosexuality. BL originated from Japanese amine, comic and game youth culture, and has since become a transnational phenomenon all over the world with a global fan base. As such, the phenomenon of boy's love had already aroused a lot of discussions in relation to ideologies of gender and sexuality from different cultural and social perspectives. BL fandom in China's culture context with its "Chinese characteristics" also deserves particular attention, when it opens up a fantastic space for Chinese woman to practice their sexuality beyond non-heterosexual norms. ; However there is limited work that considers the queer sexuality of female BL fans in China, in relation to the queer texts and queer discourses they create. There is also little research that explores the capacity of boy's love netizens to resist the on-going internet surveillance by the Chinese government of information deemed 'sexually inappropriate' ...

Chan, Pui Lun. ; "December 2010." ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 133-147). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Abstract of thesis entitled: --- p.i ; Abstract (Chinese) --- p.iii ; Acknowledgements --- p.iv ; Table of Contents --- p.v ; List of Figures and Tables --- p.viii ; Romanization and Translation --- p.ix ; Chapter Chapter One - --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1 --- "Motivations, Arguements and Methodology" --- p.2 ; Chapter 1.2 --- Ethnomusicological Studies on Chinese Operas --- p.3 ; Chapter 1.3 --- Studying Peking opera in Hong Kong --- p.5 ; Biographies of Mainland Peking Opera Performers --- p.5 ; Newspapers Reports and Columns --- p.6 ; Interview Transcripts of Peking Opera Artists in Hong Kong --- p.7 ; Government Documents and Archival Data --- p.8 ; Fieldwork --- p.8 ; Challenges and Limitations --- p.9 ; Chapter 1.4 --- Thesis Outline --- p.10 ; Chapter Chapter Two - --- The History of Peking Opera in Hong Kong --- p.14 ; Chapter 2.1 --- The Dual Forces of Cultural Policies --- p.15 ; Tour Performances as Diplomacy --- p.15 ; The First Encounter: Mei Lan-fang's Tour in 1922 --- p.17 ; Cultural Competition between the Two Chinese Regimes --- p.21 ; Cultural Policy of the Colonial Government before 1980 --- p.24 ; Chapter 2.2 --- Early Peking Opera Activities in Hong Kong --- p.26 ; Peking Opera in Recordings and Radio Broadcasting --- p.26 ; Peking Opera Films in the 1940s and 50s --- p.33 ; Integrating Peking Opera with Local Martial Arts Films in the 1960s and 70s --- p.35 ; Local Peking Opera Academies --- p.38 ; Amateur Peking Opera Groups --- p.42 ; Hybridization Between Peking Opera and Cantonese Opera --- p.43 ; Chapter 2.3 --- An Entertainment for Mainland Emigrants --- p.48 ; Chapter 2.4 --- Summary --- p.51 ; Chapter Chapter Three - --- Contemporary Peking Opera Activities --- p.54 ; Chapter 3.1 --- The Continuing Political Influence --- p.55 ; The Shifting Dynamics of Political Influences in the ...

本文以明人對宦官態度轉變及其相應行動爲中心,著重從政治文化互動的角度,探討在明代君權專制強化而滋生發達宦官政治情況之下,士大夫如何因應這一政治結構和政治生態的變化,調整思維與行動的方式,施展和落實儒家的政治理想與目標的過程、言行表現及其意義。 ; 本文認爲明代中後期的士大夫在對待宦官態度與問題上,出現重要的轉變與調適,他們趨向於呼籲改變與宦官對立的關係,普遍強調宦官具備與常"人"一致的天性與善端,主張以引導和"教化"的方式令其從善。這一思維轉向的要義,是中晚明的士大夫在承認宦官官僚政治和認識宦官顯著角色及地位的基礎上,思考通過"改造"宦官進而改善政治。 ; 中晚明時期這股思維轉向更重要地表現為以"化宦"為中心内容的行動與實踐。對宦官讀書之所--内書堂重振的共識與努力以及撰作宦官教化用書,即是這一實踐的直接落實。中晚明人士在内書堂教育和撰作宦官教化書籍中,均重視以歷史和本朝歷史上的宦官善惡實例來強化宦官道德理想教育,感召和鼓勵其去惡向善、忠君愛國以及輔養君德。這是他們借"化宦"來"格君"的努力,是他們施展上層經世理想的表現和重要内容。 ; 在晚明集中出現的衆多宦官教化用書中,萬曆初王畿所作"化宦"書《中鑒錄》是一本對宦官有實際影響和感召力的著作。這與書中揚棄傳統偏見,尊重並同情宦官歷史,鼓勵他們具有常"人"的良知等情形密切關係。與之相反的個案則是張世則撰作的《貂璫史鑒》,以受到宦官排斥告終。其"成敗"視乎它們有否契合中晚明以來宦官在知識文化增廣之餘主體和自我意識提高的趨向。 ; 綜核本文討論所得,主要有以下三點認識。第一,明代士人與宦官的關係複雜多樣,不能以對抗與勾結的二元結構予以簡單處理。中晚明時期不斷出現的"化宦"思想和實踐顯示,士大夫傾向於覺得他們與宦官處於同一政治文化之中,並且有意強化已趨"一體"的向路。第二,在政治現實不利和政治空間有限的情況下,明代士大夫能務實而敏銳地利用"化宦"來"格君",可見他們不曾放棄得君行道的理想,熱情未減。這是政治與文化之間高度呼應、交互影響與滲透的應有真義和全貌。第三,儒家核心價值系統中的原則為後人改造世界提供精神和經典的來源。中晚明人士思考宦官具有"人"的面向與價值並將他們納入"有教無類"之中,顯示儒家價值系統只有回到現實政治與社會生活中並積極地予以回應,摸爬滾打中,才能得到充實和實踐。這是儒學實踐性的特點和要求。 ; This dissertation studies the attitudes and actions of scholar-officials to the eunuchs in the Ming dynasty. From the perspective of political and cultural interaction, it explores how scholar-officials coped with changes in the political structures and political ecologies in which eunuch politics became a major issue of government. It examines scholar-officials' thinking and action in dealing with the eunuchs while attempting to implement their political ideal when monarchical despotism reigned in Ming times. ; The study finds that there are important changes in scholar-officials' attitudes in mid and late Ming times. Instead of discrimination against eunuchs they tended to see eunuchs as their equal as human beings. They believed that eunuchs have similar human nature and humaneness as theirs, and advocated making them good imperial servants by moral and civil education. They adopted an approach that government improvement can be achieved by "transforming the eunuchs through a Confucian-based education and recognizing the eunuch's ...

《北洋官报》于1902 年12 月创刊发行,至1912 年5 月随清王朝的覆灭而寿终正寝。纵观清末十年《北洋官报》的刊行,可见其应新政而生,又以报道和宣传新政为第一要务。本研究旨在透过《北洋官报》来看清末北洋新政。具体而言,首先要探讨的是作为新政喉舌的《北洋宮报》的创刊背景,即清末新政与北洋独特的政治文化;同时,也要梳理这份新式官报与晚清业已存在的报纸之间的文本联系。其次要具体探讨的是北洋官报局的局务,包括《官报》的发行、书籍为主的印刷业务的开展,以及"官纸印刷"的筹划与争论等。其三是《北洋官报》对新政的展示和宣传。其四是《北洋官报》在展示新政与启蒙民众过程中对日本的借鉴与推崇。通过以上四方面的研究,本论文主要探讨了《北洋官报》及官报局在北洋新政中的作用《官报》在展示新政、启蒙民智上所形成的官方新政话语和所体现的官方与非官方之间的互动关系,以及北洋与中央之间的复杂关系等。 ; 就时间的划分而言, 1906 年之前,清末新政主要集中在经济、教育、军事等诸领域的改革, 1906 年之后转为以中央与地方推行的宪政改革为主要内容。依此,本论文讨论《北洋官报》对新政的展示和宣传就以1906 年为界,分为两个峙段:新政时期和宪政时代。前者侧重于《北洋官报》中的不同部分如何展示新政;后者侧重于从《官报》中看到的清末宪政推进情况。论文正文的末章则对宪政时代作详细论析。 ; 综合言之, 《北洋官报》从其创刊之际,即与晚清的变局、北洋政治文化以及清末新政息息相关。《官报》为新政产物和应新政而生的同时,又以宣扬新政与开民智为己任,塑造了呈现于《官报》上的新政话语。作为官方报纸上的新政话语,并非纯然代表官方立场表达官方意志,而是既有官方的一面,又有非官方的一面,更有官方与非官方之间互动的一面。《官报》的语境既与一个多元与过渡的时代息息相关,同样,这个多元与过渡的时代也呈现在《宮报》的各种不同文本空间之中。体现在《北洋官报》中的北洋新政,在某种程度上也预示了北洋政治左右民初政局的现象,这是多元变化和过渡形态的一个方面。 ; The Beiyang Gazette (Beiyang guanbao) published its first issue in December, 1902, and stopped publication in May, 1912, following the fall of the Qing Dynasty. From an overview of its ten-year publication and circulation, it is clear that the gazette was born to serve the late Qing reform, and publicizing and reporting on the reform became its top priority. This thesis aims at studying the reform through textual and contextual analyses of the Beiyang Gazette. In details, the author first investigates the background of the gazette as the mouthpiece of the reform, to understand the unique political culture of the reform under the Beiyang authorities in the late Qing. This study also traces the textual links between the new-style Beiyang Gazette and other contemporary newspapers. Second, the thesis examines the Bureau of the Beiyang Gazette in length. Details include the distribution of the gazette, the development of its book-based printing business, the controversy of "official paper" printing, and so forth. Third, the representation ofthe reform in the Beiyang Gazette is studied through textual analysis. Fourth, Japan as an enlightening model for the Chinese ...

Erdbeben können bis heute nicht exakt vorhergesagt werden und treffen moderne Gesellschaften genauso unerwartet wie historische Zivilisationen. Sie stellen deshalb eine besondere Herausforderung für jede betroffene Gesellschaft dar. Zur Wiederherstellung der Normalität müssen die Erdstöße und ihre sozialen, wirtschaflichen und politischen Folgen mental und praktisch bewältigt werden. Die dazu ergriffenen Strategien unterschieden sich in verschiedenen Kulturkreisen und verschiedenen Epochen jedoch zum Teil erheblich voneinander. Die Dissertation untersucht mittels einer historischen Diskursanalyse die in griechischen, lateinischen und frühchinesischen Quellen aufgezeichneten Wahrnehmungen, Interpretationen und praktischen Maßnahmen zur Bewältigung von Erdbeben im antiken Mittelmeerraum und im frühen China. Die für die beiden Regionen gewonnenen Erkenntnisse werden anschließend vergleichend gegenübergestellt, um dadurch zum einen ein besseres Verständnis der frühen Kulturen im Mittelmeerraum und in Ostasien zu ermöglichen sowie zum anderen Anregungen für mögliche Strategien und Konzepte im Umgang mit gegenwärtigen und zukünftigen Naturkatastrophen bereitzustellen.:1 Einleitung: Relevanz des Themas und Aufbau der Arbeit 1.1 Aktualität des Themas: Erdbeben und ihr Einfluss auf die Gesellschaft 1.2 Problemstellung 1.3 Gestaltung des Vergleiches 1.4 Stand der Forschung 1.4.1 Für die historischen Erdbeben in Europa und im Mittelmeerraum 1.4.2 Für die historischen Erdbeben in China 1.4.3 Vergleichende Forschung zu historischen Erdbeben 2 Thematische und methodische Vorüberlegungen 2.1 Theoretischer Ansatz 2.2 Die physische Dimension der Erdbeben 2.2.1 Ursachen und Arten von Erdbeben 2.2.2 Erschütterungen des Bodens durch P- und S-Wellen 2.2.3 Klassifizierung von Erdbeben nach ihrer Stärke: die Skalen von Mercalli und Richter 2.2.4 Tsunamis 2.2.5 Seismische Zonen: Mittelmeerraum und chinesisches Festland 2.3 Die soziale Dimension der Erdbeben 2.3.1 Diskurs und historische Diskursanalyse 2.3.2 Erdbeben als Bestandteile des modernen Katastrophendiskurses 2.4 Methodisches Vorgehen 3 Der Erdbebendiskurs im antiken Mittelmeerraum 3.1 Quantitative Analyse des antiken europäischen Erdbebendiskurses 3.1.1 Griechische und lateinische Bezeichnungen für Erdbeben 3.1.2 Nennungen von Erdbeben 3.1.3 Welche (Arten von) Erdbeben wurden aufgezeichnet? 3.2 Qualitative Analyse des antiken Erdbebendiskurses im Mittelmeerraum 3.2.1 Die frühesten Beschreibungen von Erdbeben: Hesiod und Homer 3.2.2 Erdbeben als Folgen menschlichen Handelns 3.2.3 Erdbeben als Resultate natürlicher Prozesse 3.3 Schlussfolgerungen zum Erdbebendiskurs in den antiken europäischen Quellen 4 Der Erdbebendiskurs im frühen China 4.1 Quantitative Analyse des frühchinesischen Erdbebendiskurses 4.1.1 Frühchinesische Bezeichnungen für Erdbeben 4.1.2 Nennungen von Erdbeben 4.1.3 Welche (Arten von) Erdbeben wurden aufgezeichnet? 4.2 Qualitative Analyse des frühchinesischen Erdbebendiskurses 4.2.1 Die Anfänge des chinesischen Erdbebendiskurses: Erdbeben während der Sandai 4.2.2 Die Chunqiu-Tradition: 5 Erdbeben im Staate Lu 4.2.3 Fürst Jing von Qi und der große Wahrsager: Erdbeben als vorhersagbare Naturphänomene 4.3 Schlussfolgerungen zum Erdbebendiskurs in den frühchinesischen Quellen 5 Vergleich der Erdbebendiskurse im antiken Europa und im frühen China 5.1 Vergleichende quantitative Analyse der Erdbebendiskurse im antiken Europa und im Frühen China 5.1.1 Bezeichnungen für Erdbeben im antiken Mittelmeerraum und im frühen China 5.1.2 Nennungen von Erdbeben im antiken Mittelmeerraum und im frühen China 5.1.3 Welche (Arten von) Erdbeben wurden aufgezeichnet? 5.2 Vergleichende qualitative Analyse der Erdbebendiskurse im antiken Europa und im frühen China 5.2.1 Vergleich der Wahrnehmungen von Erdbeben im antiken Mittelmeerraum und im frühen China 5.2.2 Vergleich der Interpretationen von Erdbeben im antiken Mittelmeerraum und im frühen China 5.2.3 Vergleich der praktischen Bewältigung von Erdbeben im antiken Mittelmeerraum und im frühen China 6 Fazit ; Even today, it is impossible to precisely predict earthquakes. That is why, just like in the distant past, earthquakes present a special challenge for any society that is struck by them. In order to return to normality, it is necessary to develop mental and practical ways of coping with the events and their effects. It can be observed that these strategies differ substantially between different cultures and different historical periods. This dissertation investigates the perceptions and interpretations of, as well as the practical measures of coping with earthquakes that are recorded in Greek, Latin and early Chinese sources by using the method of historical discourse analysis. Subsequently, the results obtained for both regions are compared in order to achieve both a better understanding of the early cultures in the Mediterranean and East Asia, and the formulation of strategies for coping with present and future natural extremes.:1 Einleitung: Relevanz des Themas und Aufbau der Arbeit 1.1 Aktualität des Themas: Erdbeben und ihr Einfluss auf die Gesellschaft 1.2 Problemstellung 1.3 Gestaltung des Vergleiches 1.4 Stand der Forschung 1.4.1 Für die historischen Erdbeben in Europa und im Mittelmeerraum 1.4.2 Für die historischen Erdbeben in China 1.4.3 Vergleichende Forschung zu historischen Erdbeben 2 Thematische und methodische Vorüberlegungen 2.1 Theoretischer Ansatz 2.2 Die physische Dimension der Erdbeben 2.2.1 Ursachen und Arten von Erdbeben 2.2.2 Erschütterungen des Bodens durch P- und S-Wellen 2.2.3 Klassifizierung von Erdbeben nach ihrer Stärke: die Skalen von Mercalli und Richter 2.2.4 Tsunamis 2.2.5 Seismische Zonen: Mittelmeerraum und chinesisches Festland 2.3 Die soziale Dimension der Erdbeben 2.3.1 Diskurs und historische Diskursanalyse 2.3.2 Erdbeben als Bestandteile des modernen Katastrophendiskurses 2.4 Methodisches Vorgehen 3 Der Erdbebendiskurs im antiken Mittelmeerraum 3.1 Quantitative Analyse des antiken europäischen Erdbebendiskurses 3.1.1 Griechische und lateinische Bezeichnungen für Erdbeben 3.1.2 Nennungen von Erdbeben 3.1.3 Welche (Arten von) Erdbeben wurden aufgezeichnet? 3.2 Qualitative Analyse des antiken Erdbebendiskurses im Mittelmeerraum 3.2.1 Die frühesten Beschreibungen von Erdbeben: Hesiod und Homer 3.2.2 Erdbeben als Folgen menschlichen Handelns 3.2.3 Erdbeben als Resultate natürlicher Prozesse 3.3 Schlussfolgerungen zum Erdbebendiskurs in den antiken europäischen Quellen 4 Der Erdbebendiskurs im frühen China 4.1 Quantitative Analyse des frühchinesischen Erdbebendiskurses 4.1.1 Frühchinesische Bezeichnungen für Erdbeben 4.1.2 Nennungen von Erdbeben 4.1.3 Welche (Arten von) Erdbeben wurden aufgezeichnet? 4.2 Qualitative Analyse des frühchinesischen Erdbebendiskurses 4.2.1 Die Anfänge des chinesischen Erdbebendiskurses: Erdbeben während der Sandai 4.2.2 Die Chunqiu-Tradition: 5 Erdbeben im Staate Lu 4.2.3 Fürst Jing von Qi und der große Wahrsager: Erdbeben als vorhersagbare Naturphänomene 4.3 Schlussfolgerungen zum Erdbebendiskurs in den frühchinesischen Quellen 5 Vergleich der Erdbebendiskurse im antiken Europa und im frühen China 5.1 Vergleichende quantitative Analyse der Erdbebendiskurse im antiken Europa und im Frühen China 5.1.1 Bezeichnungen für Erdbeben im antiken Mittelmeerraum und im frühen China 5.1.2 Nennungen von Erdbeben im antiken Mittelmeerraum und im frühen China 5.1.3 Welche (Arten von) Erdbeben wurden aufgezeichnet? 5.2 Vergleichende qualitative Analyse der Erdbebendiskurse im antiken Europa und im frühen China 5.2.1 Vergleich der Wahrnehmungen von Erdbeben im antiken Mittelmeerraum und im frühen China 5.2.2 Vergleich der Interpretationen von Erdbeben im antiken Mittelmeerraum und im frühen China 5.2.3 Vergleich der praktischen Bewältigung von Erdbeben im antiken Mittelmeerraum und im frühen China 6 Fazit

研究以湖南省松糖事件为例,分析中国农民的抗征地对中央政府信任的影响。研究认为,征地形式、上访过程获取的信息及其上访结果都会影响对中央的信任水平。具体来说,研究有三个主要观点:第一,相比公共项目征地、参与式征地和不威胁生存安全的征地,商业项目征地、命令式征地以及威胁生存安全的征地形式会更容易导致上访。在这些征地中,抗争者提出的诉求由于超越了相关的政策法律因此很难得到地方政府的满足。第二,上访过程中农民对中央信任的变化分为三个阶段:首先,抗争者将中央与其以下政府区别开来,并对中央保持着高水平的信任;接着,多次的进京上访使抗争者获取了有关中央的信息,包括中央已经了解了他们的问题并且这些问题值得重视;最后,失败的抗争结果导致对中央能力和意图的信任同时下降。第三,对中央信任的下降并不一定会导致公民选举要求的提出,这是因为传统的政治文化和无效的村庄选举使农民的政治效能感维持在低水平。 ; Drawing on the data from the Song-tang incident in Hunan province, the research examines the influences of resistance to land expropriation in rural China on political trust in the central government. The study argues that forms of land expropriation, information gained through petitioning and outcomes of petitioning have influences on trust in the center. Specifically, there are three main arguments. Firstly, compared with land expropriation for public use, in participatory manners, and without negative influences on living security, land expropriation for commercial use, in imperative manners, and with negative influences on living security is more likely to cause petitioning. In the three forms of land expropriation, claims are hardly satisfied by local governments since they have surpassed the state rules. Secondly, during petitioning trust in the center changes in three phases: at the beginning, resisters distinguish the center from lower-level governments and retain high-level trust in the center. Secondly, activists gain increasing information about the center during times of petitioning to Beijing. They realize that the center has known their grievances, which are also worth its attention. Finally, failure of resistances results in decline of trust in the center's capacity as well as trust in its commitment. Thirdly, the declined trust in the center does not necessarily imply the demand for popular elections. Due to traditional political culture and ineffective village elections, political efficacy of the farmers remains at a low level. ; Detailed summary in vernacular field only. ; 劉靜平. ; Parallel title from English ...

Wang Yu. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-111). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Abstract --- p.i ; Acknowledgements --- p.iii ; Table of Contents --- p.iv ; Tables and Notes --- p.v ; Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Scope of Study --- p.2 ; The Development of Naxi Studies --- p.6 ; Theoretical Framework --- p.11 ; Methodologies --- p.22 ; Structure of Thesis --- p.27 ; Chapter 2 --- Background to Tourism Development in Lijiang --- p.30 ; Naxi Culture and Dongba Religion --- p.30 ; Naxi's Family and House --- p.32 ; Economy in Lijiang --- p.35 ; Tourism Development in Lijiang --- p.38 ; Tourism-related Impacts on Lijiang Old Town --- p.41 ; Homestay Guesthouse in Lijiang Old Town --- p.44 ; Chapter 3 --- Encounter with Homestay Tourism --- p.47 ; Hosts and Guests --- p.47 ; Guesthouses and Local Hotels --- p.52 ; Hosts and Migrants --- p.55 ; Hosts and the Local Government --- p.59 ; Conclusion --- p.63 ; Chapter 4 --- """World Heritage"" Discourse and Homestay Tourism" --- p.64 ; Preparation for the Inscription --- p.64 ; UNESCO and World Heritage --- p.66 ; Scholars and Heritage Preservation --- p.71 ; UNESCO Conference and Problems --- p.74 ; Conclusion --- p.78 ; Chapter 5 --- """Authenticity"" within Homestay tourism" --- p.80 ; Constructing Naxi Ethnicity --- p.80 ; Constructing Home --- p.85 ; Constructing Heritage --- p.92 ; Conclusion --- p.99 ; Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.101 ; Bibliography --- p.106

家族、移民和革命,是考察中國的僑鄉社會,尤其是民國時期的僑鄉社會所不可或缺的三大元素。傳統的華人華僑研究,多把華僑與國民黨的革命活動聯繫起來,以突出華僑對國民黨革命的重要性。然而,這些研究往往忽略了華僑跟共產黨領導的革命的繫連。在當代的潮汕地區,爲了吸引華僑投資家鄉與促進僑鄉的文化旅遊發展,部分僑鄉重構鄉村參與共產黨革命的歷史,建立起「紅色僑鄉」。 ; 「紅色僑鄉」這個文化標籤的建立,成爲僑鄉、僑居地與國家之間的文化、政治關係的象徵符號。本文主要以廣東澄海後溝村為個案研究,由此討論僑鄉社會如何塑造自身的歷史與文化。本文嘗試指出,第一次國共合作破裂之後,共產黨在鄉村中秘密動員、組織農民階級對抗「地主階級」,鄉民參加革命能夠起到協調地域社區權力結構中力量的不平衡的作用。自20年代中后期在僑鄉社會中形成的關係網絡延續至抗日戰爭及解放戰爭,與海外移民網絡共同影響著鄉村的宗族和地域社會。當代僑鄉的紅色革命形象,是國家自上而下的意識形態工程所塑造的,也是地方家族、移民在追尋自身利益與政治認同的結果。 ; Lineage, migration and revolution are three major elements to study emigrant communities in China, especially in the Republican period. Traditional studies on overseas Chinese focus on the relationship between overseas Chinese and KuoMinTang's revolutionary activities and highlight the importance of overseas Chinese to KMT revolution. However, these studies often ignore the relationship between overseas Chinese and revolutionary activities led by Chinese Communist Party. In the Chaoshan region, some of the emigrant communities, in order to attract overseas Chinese investment and develop cultural tourism, attempt to establish a "Red Emigrant Community" status through reconstructing the history of village's participating in CCP's revolution. ; "Red Emigrant Community", or Hongse qiaoxiang, is a cultural label linking emigrant communities and the State. This thesis, using Hougou village as an example explores how emigrant communities shape their own "red" history and culture. After the first cooperation of KMT and CCP, CCP secretly began to mobilize and organize peasants against landlords in villages. Villager's participation in revolutionary activities could be seen as a balance of power in the local community. Together with their overseas networks, emigrant communities' revolutionary networks, which were formed in the 1920s and continued through the WWII and the Liberation, influenced villages' lineage and regional structures. Red Emigrant Community is not only a top-down National projects. It is a result of pursuing interests and seeking political identity by local ...