Suchergebnisse

A descriptive analysis based chiefly on material from Philippine newspapers & magazines reflecting the att's of politicians, pol'al parties, & voters toward the use of polls in the 1961 election campaign. Polls became an 'issue' in the campaign, influenced the campaign strategy of the victorious Liberal Party which had been out of office since 1953, placed the incumbent Nacionalista Party on the defensive, & helped improve the 'image' of the Liberals. The study reveals that the involvement of polls in pol is not confined to Western nations. The accuracy of the reputable polls of 1961 indicates that PO res & measurement has progressed considerably in the Philippines &, more signif'ly, that Western techniques of PO res can be utilized in democratic non-Western countries. AA.

Over the last few yrs there has been a move -upwara& from the study of micro-pol'al units to an understanding of the flow of the totality, to apply the insights gained from the study of the individual to the explanation of the behavior of the whole. The results of such studies in voting represent the beginning of a new phase in pol'al analysis. The res's of the Survey Center of the U of Michigan into US voting have led to a considerable N of descriptive facts about the present-day electorate. The behavioral sci'st is in the unique position of being able to provide a realistic statement of the individual acts which together make up the collectivity; he has devised ways of measuring men as they are & not as they are supposed to be. The integration of historical evidence from the elections of the past with survey data from elections of the present seems a natural intellectual enterprise & it is not totally unrealistic to hope that something worthwhile will come from it. IPSA.

An examination of what has characterized Sch's of business administration in the past, what the developments are which are taking place & affect the status of business Sch's, & how these Sch's can best cope with these changes & new developments. It is noted that the dissatisfaction of the business community with the Sch's of business administration is expressed by the fact that many business Corp's which once hired business Sch graduates now hire engineers for management training & other types of employment programs. Business Sch's have not succeeded in producing sufficient numbers of high caliber individuals with the ability to think & with admin'ive capacity. Business org's in turn are becoming more & more subject to criticism from a moral, pol'al, & philosophical standpoint. The requirements for logical reasoning by businessmen outside their field point to the need for a broader & more liberal business educ which will enable men to handle questions in the world of ideas as well as in the business world. Some attempt should be made to develop these capabilities in the students. More emphasis must be given to the analytical approach & less to the descriptive courses. A greater understanding of mathematics & its application is required & more stress should be on the study of admin. Students should be required to aquaint themselves to some depth with the soc sci's & the humanities. Such a program of study would be more rigorous & more challenging to the student. It will require upgrading the courses, curricula, & methods of instruction. M. Maxfield.

The first attempt after abolition to incorporate the former slaves into the Brazilian community was made by trying to bring African into Portuguese civilization instead of trying to make a place for the Negro in the soc order. Because the Portuguese colonists had intermingled with the Moors, because they arrived in the New World without women & did not hesitate to have sex relations with coloured women, because the SE system obliged them to live among slaves, & because of the Portuguese-Catholic emphasis on soc good rather than puritanical strictness, Brazil eventually become the world's classic example of racial democracy. Unlike the US, Brazil has a class rather than a caste society. At the request of Arthur Ramos, UNESCO carried out a survey of the racial situation in Brazil. Its program was made up of 6 investigations. A survey of the Ru areas in north & north-east Brazil was carried out under the direction of Charles Wagley who arranged for 3 communities in the state of Bahia to be surveyed. This aspect of the program concluded that race is only one of the factors of soc stratification, & that little actual discrimination is practiced. Other information suggested that there is little diff in the character in race relations comparing northern & southern Brazil. A second part of the program was the survey of the mechanism of soc mobility in the city of Bahia by Thales de Azevedo. This study showed that although coloured people generally are members of the lowest stratum, vertical mobility is high. An inquiry into the influence of religion on ethnic behaviour in Recife indicated that although religion is important in the formation of personality & consequently in forms of racial behavior, it may be overruled by other societal forces. A survey of the racial situation in Rio de Janeiro by Costa Pinto led to the conclusion that to say there is no prejudice in Brazil is a refusal to face reality, even though the situation is not as bad as that of the US. Res on race relations in Sao Paulo was conducted by Roger Bastide & Florestan Fernandes. This analysis was supplemented by 3 soc psychol res projects. This UNESCO res succeeded in bringing about a great increase in the number of studies of ethnic relations. Most studies have been descriptive, not normative. As there is an AMERICAN DILEMMA there is a Brazilian Dilemma. The Brazilian is proud of the belief in the ideal of universal brotherhood & simultaneously practices racial discrimination. B. J. Keelev.