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This theoretical article dealt with social business and its creation and development processes. Current problems of the creation and development of social business are discussed in details. The essence of social business is described in detail, main fundamental notions are defined. The role of the social business and its creation and development in the life of contemporary society is revealed. Importance and significance of the social business and its creation and development processes in the context of contemporary aspirations of the harmony and sustainability are displayed. The principles and regularities of the creation and development of social business are described in details. The impact of the processes of globalization, knowledge-based society and knowledge economy creation, of the processes of European integration and the European Union's development on the social business and its creation and development is revealed. Priorities of the scientific research on the social business and its creation and development are described.

This theoretical article dealt with social business and its creation and development processes. Current problems of the creation and development of social business are discussed in details. The essence of social business is described in detail, main fundamental notions are defined. The role of the social business and its creation and development in the life of contemporary society is revealed. Importance and significance of the social business and its creation and development processes in the context of contemporary aspirations of the harmony and sustainability are displayed. The principles and regularities of the creation and development of social business are described in details. The impact of the processes of globalization, knowledge-based society and knowledge economy creation, of the processes of European integration and the European Union's development on the social business and its creation and development is revealed. Priorities of the scientific research on the social business and its creation and development are described.

European Union development is the process of involving new members into EU, which takes the preparation and appropriate adaptility to bigger country member rating. At the very beginning the development wasn't understood as specific trend of politics, but as extend of incorporated economical space. Therefore the membership creteria wasn't at the focus of attention during first years of development. The only condition for countries was to take over already cordinated marked instructions. Though the part of political development process stood out during the south way-station. The acceptance of these countries means the stabilization of political systems. Countries faced just to political and economical problems. After the Cold War EU struggled free the communist party and proved not only the partnership of in the Middle and East Europe but also the unambiguous political purpose. The membership to the countries from Middle and East Europe was so important that they were ready to revise the Constitution themselves, rewrite the law, reform market supervision rules, establish institutions against corruption and implement other economical, juridical or social reforms presented by EU. Vesting the membership prospects to countries memebers EU requires prosecuting specific membership criteria. Successful development of Middle and East Europe influenced the EU decision to adjust this experience to West Balkans. They can become the member as soon as they implemement conditions.

In the market environment every company is seeking to obtain and maintain the best market share. One of the mechanisms in achieving this goal is an effective internal control of the company. With growing competition, fast development and introduction of new technologies, progressing complexity of business projects, and enlarging business diversity, company management is becoming increasingly more complicated. Consequently, company internal control is becoming a more and more complicated task. A good company internal control system is one of the guarantees of effective company business. Following Lithuanian accession to the EU the economy grows fast and organisations look for new courses of action, expand the scope of their activities and thus face new types of risk. To achieve the best possible results a company must exploit all possible resources. Under such circumstances it may be difficult to acquire a competitive potential in the European Union unless there is an efficient internal control in place. Huge financial scandals of the end of the 20th century, such as Enron, WorldCom, Ahold, Parmalat, etc. made it obvious that companies without an internal control system are destined to die. Moreover, those bankruptcy cases revealed insufficient regulation of internal control. The current global crisis showed that corporate internal control failed to reveal major business risks faced by companies and to minimize such risks to an acceptable level. Likewise, corporate management systems failed to introduce urgent anti-crisis measures. The above prompts the relevance and importance of the topic. Research object: corporate internal control system under the conditions of transformation. Research objective: to analyse the changes in the corporate internal control system predetermined by the transformation period and to suggest an internal control pattern that focuses on risk management. Key scientific findings of the research 1. For the first time, analysis of different approaches towards the internal control was performed. After they were systematised, two directions of the internal control analysis were established: 1) internal control structure; 2) internal control implementation process. If the internal control is considered from a single of the above aspects, all the essential qualities fail to be revealed. Consequently the aforesaid directions have to be combined and the internal control system should be considered as a process defined by the actions of the management, which is based on provisions of ethics and social responsibility and is meant to secure the implementation of the business policy of the company and to achieve the set objectives. 2. Comparative analysis of internal control patterns was performed. 3. For the first time, legal framework regulating internal control of economic entities engaged in different business sectors in Lithuania was analysed. It was discovered that Lithuanian legislation fails to offer a systematic approach towards internal control. 4. The internal control system of Lithuanian companies was analysed. The corporate internal control was researched in 2001 and 2007 in order to determine the changes in the internal control of the companies. 5. Improvements were introduced in the internal control model for small and medium enterprises by including the following key elements: 1) control environment, 2) risk management, 3) information system and informing; 4) control factors; and 5) monitoring. 6. It was suggested that the research into the control environment should focus on the aspects of ethics and socially responsible company. 7. It was suggested that while evaluating the financial activities of a company at the risk management stage it is expedient to: 1) perform analysis of relative indices, 2) to assess the probability of company bankruptcy, 3) to forecast cash flow from the main business activities of the company. 8. It was suggested to investigate and manage the fraud risk at the risk management stage. An algorithm of auditor's actions was developed, which can be applied when circumstances indicating a possibility of errors and fraud are observed. 9. It was suggested that the analysis of the accounting system should include the following areas that are significant with respect of the internal control: selection of accounting policy and individual accounting processes. For the purpose of control, it is important to investigate both the policy of financial and management accounting. Key applicable findings of the research 1. Improved internal control system evaluation methodology for small and medium enterprises, which is designed for practical application by independent and internal auditors and company management in deciding the standing of the company control. 2. Internal control measures for individual accounting processes were systemized and presented. The urgency of analysing the accounting policy as a system of prevention control measures was substantiated. 3. After the possibilities at Lithuanian companies were analysed with the help of the recourse analysis of forecasting cash flows from main activities, a pattern for forecasting the future cash flows was suggested. 4. A system of prevention measures for organisational and technical aspects of financial accounting policy was brought forward. A special emphasis was placed on control measures in changing the accounting policy. 5. A modified production cost calculation methodology was designed for small and medium enterprises, where the production costs are accounted by using traditional cost price calculation methods, while operation costs are calculated by using elements of modern management accounting theory.

In the market environment every company is seeking to obtain and maintain the best market share. One of the mechanisms in achieving this goal is an effective internal control of the company. With growing competition, fast development and introduction of new technologies, progressing complexity of business projects, and enlarging business diversity, company management is becoming increasingly more complicated. Consequently, company internal control is becoming a more and more complicated task. A good company internal control system is one of the guarantees of effective company business. Following Lithuanian accession to the EU the economy grows fast and organisations look for new courses of action, expand the scope of their activities and thus face new types of risk. To achieve the best possible results a company must exploit all possible resources. Under such circumstances it may be difficult to acquire a competitive potential in the European Union unless there is an efficient internal control in place. Huge financial scandals of the end of the 20th century, such as Enron, WorldCom, Ahold, Parmalat, etc. made it obvious that companies without an internal control system are destined to die. Moreover, those bankruptcy cases revealed insufficient regulation of internal control. The current global crisis showed that corporate internal control failed to reveal major business risks faced by companies and to minimize such risks to an acceptable level. Likewise, corporate management systems failed to introduce urgent anti-crisis measures. The above prompts the relevance and importance of the topic. Research object: corporate internal control system under the conditions of transformation. Research objective: to analyse the changes in the corporate internal control system predetermined by the transformation period and to suggest an internal control pattern that focuses on risk management. Key scientific findings of the research 1. For the first time, analysis of different approaches towards the internal control was performed. After they were systematised, two directions of the internal control analysis were established: 1) internal control structure; 2) internal control implementation process. If the internal control is considered from a single of the above aspects, all the essential qualities fail to be revealed. Consequently the aforesaid directions have to be combined and the internal control system should be considered as a process defined by the actions of the management, which is based on provisions of ethics and social responsibility and is meant to secure the implementation of the business policy of the company and to achieve the set objectives. 2. Comparative analysis of internal control patterns was performed. 3. For the first time, legal framework regulating internal control of economic entities engaged in different business sectors in Lithuania was analysed. It was discovered that Lithuanian legislation fails to offer a systematic approach towards internal control. 4. The internal control system of Lithuanian companies was analysed. The corporate internal control was researched in 2001 and 2007 in order to determine the changes in the internal control of the companies. 5. Improvements were introduced in the internal control model for small and medium enterprises by including the following key elements: 1) control environment, 2) risk management, 3) information system and informing; 4) control factors; and 5) monitoring. 6. It was suggested that the research into the control environment should focus on the aspects of ethics and socially responsible company. 7. It was suggested that while evaluating the financial activities of a company at the risk management stage it is expedient to: 1) perform analysis of relative indices, 2) to assess the probability of company bankruptcy, 3) to forecast cash flow from the main business activities of the company. 8. It was suggested to investigate and manage the fraud risk at the risk management stage. An algorithm of auditor's actions was developed, which can be applied when circumstances indicating a possibility of errors and fraud are observed. 9. It was suggested that the analysis of the accounting system should include the following areas that are significant with respect of the internal control: selection of accounting policy and individual accounting processes. For the purpose of control, it is important to investigate both the policy of financial and management accounting. Key applicable findings of the research 1. Improved internal control system evaluation methodology for small and medium enterprises, which is designed for practical application by independent and internal auditors and company management in deciding the standing of the company control. 2. Internal control measures for individual accounting processes were systemized and presented. The urgency of analysing the accounting policy as a system of prevention control measures was substantiated. 3. After the possibilities at Lithuanian companies were analysed with the help of the recourse analysis of forecasting cash flows from main activities, a pattern for forecasting the future cash flows was suggested. 4. A system of prevention measures for organisational and technical aspects of financial accounting policy was brought forward. A special emphasis was placed on control measures in changing the accounting policy. 5. A modified production cost calculation methodology was designed for small and medium enterprises, where the production costs are accounted by using traditional cost price calculation methods, while operation costs are calculated by using elements of modern management accounting theory.

In the market environment every company is seeking to obtain and maintain the best market share. One of the mechanisms in achieving this goal is an effective internal control of the company. With growing competition, fast development and introduction of new technologies, progressing complexity of business projects, and enlarging business diversity, company management is becoming increasingly more complicated. Consequently, company internal control is becoming a more and more complicated task. A good company internal control system is one of the guarantees of effective company business. Following Lithuanian accession to the EU the economy grows fast and organisations look for new courses of action, expand the scope of their activities and thus face new types of risk. To achieve the best possible results a company must exploit all possible resources. Under such circumstances it may be difficult to acquire a competitive potential in the European Union unless there is an efficient internal control in place. Huge financial scandals of the end of the 20th century, such as Enron, WorldCom, Ahold, Parmalat, etc. made it obvious that companies without an internal control system are destined to die. Moreover, those bankruptcy cases revealed insufficient regulation of internal control. The current global crisis showed that corporate internal control failed to reveal major business risks faced by companies and to minimize such risks to an acceptable level. Likewise, corporate management systems failed to introduce urgent anti-crisis measures. The above prompts the relevance and importance of the topic. Research object: corporate internal control system under the conditions of transformation. Research objective: to analyse the changes in the corporate internal control system predetermined by the transformation period and to suggest an internal control pattern that focuses on risk management. Key scientific findings of the research 1. For the first time, analysis of different approaches towards the internal control was performed. After they were systematised, two directions of the internal control analysis were established: 1) internal control structure; 2) internal control implementation process. If the internal control is considered from a single of the above aspects, all the essential qualities fail to be revealed. Consequently the aforesaid directions have to be combined and the internal control system should be considered as a process defined by the actions of the management, which is based on provisions of ethics and social responsibility and is meant to secure the implementation of the business policy of the company and to achieve the set objectives. 2. Comparative analysis of internal control patterns was performed. 3. For the first time, legal framework regulating internal control of economic entities engaged in different business sectors in Lithuania was analysed. It was discovered that Lithuanian legislation fails to offer a systematic approach towards internal control. 4. The internal control system of Lithuanian companies was analysed. The corporate internal control was researched in 2001 and 2007 in order to determine the changes in the internal control of the companies. 5. Improvements were introduced in the internal control model for small and medium enterprises by including the following key elements: 1) control environment, 2) risk management, 3) information system and informing; 4) control factors; and 5) monitoring. 6. It was suggested that the research into the control environment should focus on the aspects of ethics and socially responsible company. 7. It was suggested that while evaluating the financial activities of a company at the risk management stage it is expedient to: 1) perform analysis of relative indices, 2) to assess the probability of company bankruptcy, 3) to forecast cash flow from the main business activities of the company. 8. It was suggested to investigate and manage the fraud risk at the risk management stage. An algorithm of auditor's actions was developed, which can be applied when circumstances indicating a possibility of errors and fraud are observed. 9. It was suggested that the analysis of the accounting system should include the following areas that are significant with respect of the internal control: selection of accounting policy and individual accounting processes. For the purpose of control, it is important to investigate both the policy of financial and management accounting. Key applicable findings of the research 1. Improved internal control system evaluation methodology for small and medium enterprises, which is designed for practical application by independent and internal auditors and company management in deciding the standing of the company control. 2. Internal control measures for individual accounting processes were systemized and presented. The urgency of analysing the accounting policy as a system of prevention control measures was substantiated. 3. After the possibilities at Lithuanian companies were analysed with the help of the recourse analysis of forecasting cash flows from main activities, a pattern for forecasting the future cash flows was suggested. 4. A system of prevention measures for organisational and technical aspects of financial accounting policy was brought forward. A special emphasis was placed on control measures in changing the accounting policy. 5. A modified production cost calculation methodology was designed for small and medium enterprises, where the production costs are accounted by using traditional cost price calculation methods, while operation costs are calculated by using elements of modern management accounting theory.

In the market environment every company is seeking to obtain and maintain the best market share. One of the mechanisms in achieving this goal is an effective internal control of the company. With growing competition, fast development and introduction of new technologies, progressing complexity of business projects, and enlarging business diversity, company management is becoming increasingly more complicated. Consequently, company internal control is becoming a more and more complicated task. A good company internal control system is one of the guarantees of effective company business. Following Lithuanian accession to the EU the economy grows fast and organisations look for new courses of action, expand the scope of their activities and thus face new types of risk. To achieve the best possible results a company must exploit all possible resources. Under such circumstances it may be difficult to acquire a competitive potential in the European Union unless there is an efficient internal control in place. Huge financial scandals of the end of the 20th century, such as Enron, WorldCom, Ahold, Parmalat, etc. made it obvious that companies without an internal control system are destined to die. Moreover, those bankruptcy cases revealed insufficient regulation of internal control. The current global crisis showed that corporate internal control failed to reveal major business risks faced by companies and to minimize such risks to an acceptable level. Likewise, corporate management systems failed to introduce urgent anti-crisis measures. The above prompts the relevance and importance of the topic. Research object: corporate internal control system under the conditions of transformation. Research objective: to analyse the changes in the corporate internal control system predetermined by the transformation period and to suggest an internal control pattern that focuses on risk management. Key scientific findings of the research 1. For the first time, analysis of different approaches towards the internal control was performed. After they were systematised, two directions of the internal control analysis were established: 1) internal control structure; 2) internal control implementation process. If the internal control is considered from a single of the above aspects, all the essential qualities fail to be revealed. Consequently the aforesaid directions have to be combined and the internal control system should be considered as a process defined by the actions of the management, which is based on provisions of ethics and social responsibility and is meant to secure the implementation of the business policy of the company and to achieve the set objectives. 2. Comparative analysis of internal control patterns was performed. 3. For the first time, legal framework regulating internal control of economic entities engaged in different business sectors in Lithuania was analysed. It was discovered that Lithuanian legislation fails to offer a systematic approach towards internal control. 4. The internal control system of Lithuanian companies was analysed. The corporate internal control was researched in 2001 and 2007 in order to determine the changes in the internal control of the companies. 5. Improvements were introduced in the internal control model for small and medium enterprises by including the following key elements: 1) control environment, 2) risk management, 3) information system and informing; 4) control factors; and 5) monitoring. 6. It was suggested that the research into the control environment should focus on the aspects of ethics and socially responsible company. 7. It was suggested that while evaluating the financial activities of a company at the risk management stage it is expedient to: 1) perform analysis of relative indices, 2) to assess the probability of company bankruptcy, 3) to forecast cash flow from the main business activities of the company. 8. It was suggested to investigate and manage the fraud risk at the risk management stage. An algorithm of auditor's actions was developed, which can be applied when circumstances indicating a possibility of errors and fraud are observed. 9. It was suggested that the analysis of the accounting system should include the following areas that are significant with respect of the internal control: selection of accounting policy and individual accounting processes. For the purpose of control, it is important to investigate both the policy of financial and management accounting. Key applicable findings of the research 1. Improved internal control system evaluation methodology for small and medium enterprises, which is designed for practical application by independent and internal auditors and company management in deciding the standing of the company control. 2. Internal control measures for individual accounting processes were systemized and presented. The urgency of analysing the accounting policy as a system of prevention control measures was substantiated. 3. After the possibilities at Lithuanian companies were analysed with the help of the recourse analysis of forecasting cash flows from main activities, a pattern for forecasting the future cash flows was suggested. 4. A system of prevention measures for organisational and technical aspects of financial accounting policy was brought forward. A special emphasis was placed on control measures in changing the accounting policy. 5. A modified production cost calculation methodology was designed for small and medium enterprises, where the production costs are accounted by using traditional cost price calculation methods, while operation costs are calculated by using elements of modern management accounting theory.

According to the International Council for the Professional Development of Trainers (ICCE, 2018), there are currently around 9 million in Europe. health instructors, coaches. The need for these specialists, especially in the field of health promotion physical activity, is constantly increasing, therefore it is very important for the countries of the European Union to foresee the most unified results of the work of sports specialists (developed competencies) and accordingly to prepare these specialists according to them, at the same time to ensure better integration of these specialists into the labor market their changing needs. Health instructors must continually adapt to changing market needs, continuously improve their knowledge and skills, engage in innovation in the work of a health instructor, where information and communication learning and development processes, based on continuous renewal, using new and advanced technologies, ensure survival in a competitive environment. . The introduction of modern technological tools increases the innovativeness of the health instructors' development, improves the acquisition of new knowledge, and makes it more attractive to convey the training materials to the clients. With the latest ICT, it is important to understand the importance of technology and learn how to apply it in order to ensure an effective process of improvement and its quality. The importance of using ICT in the health instructor development process is enormous, as the use of different programs can individualize the development process and select the amount of training material and the pace of development according to one's own abilities. The technology-based wellness instructor development process allows you to choose what ensures comfort and individuality (Larison et al. 2012). ICT tools for health instructors allow you to get the most up-to-date information today. Using technology-based enhancement, in many cases, the provision of learning conditions for the ultimate instructive health instructor is ensured, taking into account individual time, pace, location, learning opportunity and the principles of autonomous individualized learning (Abromavičienė et al. 2013). The application of technologies in the work of a health instructor changes the situation of improvement and training and allows the learners themselves to change. Wide perspectives for health instructors are introduced by the introduction and use of the latest ICT in the development process, enabling you to communicate everywhere and always, keep in touch with others, then feel safe and believe that you can achieve better results.

According to the International Council for the Professional Development of Trainers (ICCE, 2018), there are currently around 9 million in Europe. health instructors, coaches. The need for these specialists, especially in the field of health promotion physical activity, is constantly increasing, therefore it is very important for the countries of the European Union to foresee the most unified results of the work of sports specialists (developed competencies) and accordingly to prepare these specialists according to them, at the same time to ensure better integration of these specialists into the labor market their changing needs. Health instructors must continually adapt to changing market needs, continuously improve their knowledge and skills, engage in innovation in the work of a health instructor, where information and communication learning and development processes, based on continuous renewal, using new and advanced technologies, ensure survival in a competitive environment. . The introduction of modern technological tools increases the innovativeness of the health instructors' development, improves the acquisition of new knowledge, and makes it more attractive to convey the training materials to the clients. With the latest ICT, it is important to understand the importance of technology and learn how to apply it in order to ensure an effective process of improvement and its quality. The importance of using ICT in the health instructor development process is enormous, as the use of different programs can individualize the development process and select the amount of training material and the pace of development according to one's own abilities. The technology-based wellness instructor development process allows you to choose what ensures comfort and individuality (Larison et al. 2012). ICT tools for health instructors allow you to get the most up-to-date information today. Using technology-based enhancement, in many cases, the provision of learning conditions for the ultimate instructive health instructor is ensured, taking into account individual time, pace, location, learning opportunity and the principles of autonomous individualized learning (Abromavičienė et al. 2013). The application of technologies in the work of a health instructor changes the situation of improvement and training and allows the learners themselves to change. Wide perspectives for health instructors are introduced by the introduction and use of the latest ICT in the development process, enabling you to communicate everywhere and always, keep in touch with others, then feel safe and believe that you can achieve better results.

Development of information society is closely linked with the country's economic development, the development of this sector is relevant to each country seeking economic development. The research aims to answer what steps and measures must to be taken to accelerate the development of Lithuanian information society process and thus to achieve at least the EU average in this area. The research object of information society development process and its results in the EU Member States. Research aim – to assess the Lithuanian information society development opportunities and prospects for the EU to catch up in the context of indicators. The work must meet the following objectives: to analyze the information society development in the EU policy and legal regulation in this area and assess the development of information society indicators for the EU and Lithuania, the performance of their benchmark. Research hypothesis: The Lithuanian Information Society Development in 2009 Results below the EU average on institutional and social reasons. Master's thesis of the tasks to the theoretical and analytical research methods and tools. The paper gives a brief outline of the EU Member States in the Information Society Benchmarking: comparison of parallel fields, implemented initiatives to achieve results. A comparative analysis between EU Member States has shown how different formation of information society development in Europe, as unevenly developed and developing the sector's development. All EU Member States in preparing their national strategies for information society development in the EU should follow the directives and planning documents, the development of information society concept has no major differences of principle. They all seek to resolve the fundamental efficiency of public administration, the active population in the governance and effective public service delivery problems. Experience in other countries, the factors influencing the success of at least some of the information society in the implementation: a clear responsibility, civic participation and open approach to information society, standards and standard technology, the business sector in development. The results showed that the national government should be concerned not only statistical data, quantitative indicators, such as what the population have cell phones or computers, but also the qualitative side of the sector.

Development of information society is closely linked with the country's economic development, the development of this sector is relevant to each country seeking economic development. The research aims to answer what steps and measures must to be taken to accelerate the development of Lithuanian information society process and thus to achieve at least the EU average in this area. The research object of information society development process and its results in the EU Member States. Research aim – to assess the Lithuanian information society development opportunities and prospects for the EU to catch up in the context of indicators. The work must meet the following objectives: to analyze the information society development in the EU policy and legal regulation in this area and assess the development of information society indicators for the EU and Lithuania, the performance of their benchmark. Research hypothesis: The Lithuanian Information Society Development in 2009 Results below the EU average on institutional and social reasons. Master's thesis of the tasks to the theoretical and analytical research methods and tools. The paper gives a brief outline of the EU Member States in the Information Society Benchmarking: comparison of parallel fields, implemented initiatives to achieve results. A comparative analysis between EU Member States has shown how different formation of information society development in Europe, as unevenly developed and developing the sector's development. All EU Member States in preparing their national strategies for information society development in the EU should follow the directives and planning documents, the development of information society concept has no major differences of principle. They all seek to resolve the fundamental efficiency of public administration, the active population in the governance and effective public service delivery problems. Experience in other countries, the factors influencing the success of at least some of the information society in the implementation: a clear responsibility, civic participation and open approach to information society, standards and standard technology, the business sector in development. The results showed that the national government should be concerned not only statistical data, quantitative indicators, such as what the population have cell phones or computers, but also the qualitative side of the sector.

In the context of global inter-urban competition, attractiveness of a city for activity of individuals and organizations becomes one of the major preconditions for its success. City centre as a spece most intensively used by city members and guests has a particular importance: its functionality, attractiveness, specific atmosphere-magnetism and other characteristcs influence the decisions of people on where to live, work or recreate. Though during centuries city centres were concentrations of power and resources, in the last decades they lost their former role, functions and resources and often are described as places affected by severe, complex problems. City centres with their history, culture and human resources are important asset of the nation, which has to be cherished and developed. Authors of the paper refer to the findings of researchers representing different disciplines, which have analysed problems of the city centres. The paper discusses development processes characteristic to contemporary city centres and possibilities to manage the processes in the urban development policy context.

In the context of global inter-urban competition, attractiveness of a city for activity of individuals and organizations becomes one of the major preconditions for its success. City centre as a spece most intensively used by city members and guests has a particular importance: its functionality, attractiveness, specific atmosphere-magnetism and other characteristcs influence the decisions of people on where to live, work or recreate. Though during centuries city centres were concentrations of power and resources, in the last decades they lost their former role, functions and resources and often are described as places affected by severe, complex problems. City centres with their history, culture and human resources are important asset of the nation, which has to be cherished and developed. Authors of the paper refer to the findings of researchers representing different disciplines, which have analysed problems of the city centres. The paper discusses development processes characteristic to contemporary city centres and possibilities to manage the processes in the urban development policy context.

In the context of global inter-urban competition, attractiveness of a city for activity of individuals and organizations becomes one of the major preconditions for its success. City centre as a spece most intensively used by city members and guests has a particular importance: its functionality, attractiveness, specific atmosphere-magnetism and other characteristcs influence the decisions of people on where to live, work or recreate. Though during centuries city centres were concentrations of power and resources, in the last decades they lost their former role, functions and resources and often are described as places affected by severe, complex problems. City centres with their history, culture and human resources are important asset of the nation, which has to be cherished and developed. Authors of the paper refer to the findings of researchers representing different disciplines, which have analysed problems of the city centres. The paper discusses development processes characteristic to contemporary city centres and possibilities to manage the processes in the urban development policy context.

In the context of global inter-urban competition, attractiveness of a city for activity of individuals and organizations becomes one of the major preconditions for its success. City centre as a spece most intensively used by city members and guests has a particular importance: its functionality, attractiveness, specific atmosphere-magnetism and other characteristcs influence the decisions of people on where to live, work or recreate. Though during centuries city centres were concentrations of power and resources, in the last decades they lost their former role, functions and resources and often are described as places affected by severe, complex problems. City centres with their history, culture and human resources are important asset of the nation, which has to be cherished and developed. Authors of the paper refer to the findings of researchers representing different disciplines, which have analysed problems of the city centres. The paper discusses development processes characteristic to contemporary city centres and possibilities to manage the processes in the urban development policy context.