Suchergebnisse

Since the national policy the principle of cabotage was carried out, the development of the shipbuilding industry has not been able to keep up the growth of ocean freight industry and experiencing obstacles, because the lack of Government support both in the funding, regulation and also the construction of the infrastructure. East Kalimantan province has some of potential shipping industry in supporting the development of leading sectors. Research objectives are; identify the potential and the problem, as well as industry development strategy of formulate shipyards for Government and industry peers. Methods used through observation, interview against the perpetrators of the object of research, analyze and formulate strategy. Results of the study indicated the ship industry production costs still high, a factor restricting the price of domestic-made ships more expensive around 10%-30% in comparison with imported products. In addition to the production time, relatively longer because of the lack of support and other supporting components industries.

This book suggests the importance of examining alternative discourses in the social sciences, in this case economics, beyond western-centric cultural milieu. The account attempts to unveil the existence of a post Second World War economic approach developed in Latin America. The perspective questioned the dominant economic science disseminated within and outside the Anglo-Saxon or Eurocentric countries (western-centric academia) during the 1950´s. Today, after the appalling cataclysms in welfare and equality generated by neoclassical economics, an alternative economics seems order in the Northern and Southern hemisphere. The rebirth of Latin American Structuralism within the developing countries, and the widely publicized names of Raúl Prebisch, Celso Furtado among others, within the western-centric audiences requires an up to date of the vocabulary and concepts. Retrospectively these authors discussed can be examined as the original sources in Latin America among those who developed the basis of decolonial thought. The book problematizes the domestication of Latin American Structuralism in the Northern or Southern hemisphere alike and discusses its potential similarities to Post-Keynesian perspectives related to power asymmetries among countries, firms, and heterogenous agents.

Renaming the chair of "Comparative development and Cultural studies with a focus on Southeast Asia" to "Critical Development Studies—Southeast Asia" is the outcome of an intense intellectual, political and yet intimate process over the last three years. In autumn 2019 a group of international students from the MA Development Studies program reported the shock of experiencing racism in study groups and when looking for shared housing. While confined to online teaching, during class one student found the courage to share their experience of a racist incident on public transport in Passau, the perpetrator humiliating him before vanishing into anonymity.These distressing and painful aggressions urged us to start reflecting on our responsibilities and capabilities, as a chair at the university, to act upon discrimination and racism which still permeate higher education, and the field we teach - development practice. During regular research labs over the last year, we read and discussed texts and debates from critical theory and perspectives from fields such as feminist political ecology (FPE), post-development, decolonial theory and new area studies. This process of learning, unlearning and relearning built up to this minifesto. Following Kallis (2018), we call this a minifesto because unlike a manifesto, which would present our grand theory or idea, we present here a collection of small but significant ideas. We believe these ideas and the commitment to pluralism will help shape the teaching practice and learning environment at the chair.

The territory known as Ciskei - an independent national state - and its de facto residents, known as Ciskeians, are the administrative, organisational and financial responsibility of the Ciskei government. As such, this government plans strategies aimed at promoting development for Ciskeians in its territory. Very broadly, 'development' is understood to mean the improvement of the life chances and living conditions of Ciskeians, and of poorer Ciskeians in particular (Ward, 1980). The Ciskei government, by its very nature, thus sees itself as intimately involved in the creation and implementation of a development strategy focussed on its territory. This paper has three interrelated aims. First, a demographic and socio-economic profile of Ciskei will be presented. This will be attempted by using such generally accepted indicators as trends in population, gross national product, unemployment rates, and per capita income. In addition, three types of classification will be introduced to sharpen this profile. Ciskeian resident communities will be grouped together, on the basis of their location and access to productive activities, into (i) urban communities, (ii) rural villages, and (iii) closer settlements. In the second place, cash- -earning workers will be grouped together, on the basis of their places of residence and of work, into (i) Ciskeian workers, (ii) frontier commuters (Riekert, 1979), and (iii) migrants. Finally, a distinction will be drawn between the income accruing to resident Ciskeian households (i) which is earned within Ciskei itself, and (ii) which is earned outside Ciskei. ; Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)

This paper contributes to an on-going conversation between development studies (DS) and social policy (SP) as academic fields, particularly in the UK. Drawing on Andrew Abbott's analysis of the social sciences as an evolving system of knowledge lineages (KLs) it reflects first on the status of DS, and then on its relationship with SP. Defining DS as a distinctive KL centred on critical analysis of diverse ideas and projects for advancing human wellbeing, I suggest that it has lost coherence and influence even as research into international development thrives. Indeed it is easy to envisage its gradual assimilation into other KLs, including SP. The two increasingly overlap in their analysis of the causes of relative poverty and injustice, and what can be done to address them, within countries and globally. Strengthening links between the two fields can be justified as a political project, even at the risk of some loss of plurality and plenitude across the social sciences.

The Gender Development Index in Indonesia and East Java 2019 is still below the world and national average. This shows that the equality of development between male and female in East Java is still lagging behind other provinces. The novelty of this research is trying to revisit the issue of the Gender Development Index (GDI) in East Java. This research aims to analyze the effect of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), poor population, and Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR) on the Gender Development Index (GDI) in East Java partially and simultaneously. This research uses quantitative research methods with panel data regression analysis techniques. The data used in this research is secondary data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics in East Java during 2017-2019. The results of this research showed that the GRDP variable and poor population variable have a negative and significant effect on the Gender Development Index. Meanwhile, the LFPR variable has an insignificant and positive effect on the Gender Development Index. In addition, simultaneously the variable of GRDP, poor population, and LFPR has a significant effect on the Gender Development Index. Currently, there is still a gap between the roles of men and women. The role of women is still not optimally utilized because women's resources in the fields of health, education, and the workforce are still low. But this can be overcome if there is an increase in the labor productivity of both male and female residents so the income of the population will also increase and the number of poor people decreases. The implication of this research is the role of all parties, especially the government, is needed to pay more attention to and increase population growth and reduce poverty levels to increase gender equality in East Java. Keywords: GRDP; Gender Development Index; Poverty

Una dura critica all'approccio definito "Analisi dell'impatto sociale" o "Analisi del benessere sociale", sorto recentemente nel campo dell'antropologia dello sviluppo, e avanzata da Gutkind in questo saggio.L'autore considera lo "sviluppo", a cui con confuso liberalismo si rivolge l'interesse degli antropologi, estraneo alle masse beneficiarie. La logica capitalistica e gli obiettivi capitalistici sono mascherati sotto iniziative e opportunità locali. Condanna quindi l'ideologia dello sviluppo che finora ha ispirato gli obiettivi delle politiche di sviluppo adottate nel Terzo Mondo e denuncia il coinvolgimento degli antropologi, quali professionisti dello sviluppo, in questo "gioco". Addirittura aberrazioni sono definite dall'autore i concetti proposti dall' "Analisi dell'impatto sociale", ultimo prodotto di quell'ideologia dello sviluppo che egli ulteriormente condanna in quanto riflette l'ideologia del professionalismo, del carrierismo, dell'intellettualismo di falsa tradizione umanistica.Gutkind propone quindi di affrontare i problemi relativi allo sviluppo dei paesi del Terzo Mondo con una prospettiva radicalmente diversa, attraverso cioè concettualizzazioni e metodologie proprie della storia sociale. Solo l'approccio della storia sociale con impostazione marxista permette una valutazione ed un'analisi degli effetti dell'incorporazione di paesi a basso reddito in un sistema complesso dominato dal capitalismo. Solamente adottando un orientamento storico sociale si può far luce su questi importanti problemi, offuscati invece da modelli come le "Analisi di impatto sociale", garantendo inoltre la sopravvivenza dell'antropologia altrimenti destinata a scomparire.

Development studies is a beneficiary of knowledge resources from several disciplines including political theory's analytic and prescriptive input. The dominant background of political theory and other disciplinary contributions to development studies is the liberal thought. Liberal theses on development seem to presume that development only makes meaning from such perspective. However, tensions arise in knowledge claims between the neoclassical liberals and alternative liberal scholars especially the neo-Keynesian on the one hand and more radical neo-Marxist thoughts on the other hand. The tension is centrally concerned with contention between the market sovereignty of the neoclassicals and state interventionism of the Keynesian and neo Marxist radical thoughts. These contentions draw in the role of the state in development and hence, create an opening for political theory's intervention. This paper establishes the nexus of political theory and development studies by focusing its subject matter, methodology and social commitments. The main claim of the work is that the dominant liberal ideas on development fail to capture the realities of all societies, yet the alternative frameworks, despite their promise, have yet to elaborate their tenets to capture the nuances of developing societies in Africa. Accordingly, the decisive intervention in defining the roles of both citizens and state for a development based on constructivist understanding of society is a necessary role of political theory in development studies. Resumo Os estudos de desenvolvimento são beneficiados pelos recursos de conhecimento de várias disciplinas, incluindo os inputs analíticos e prescritivos da teoria política. O pano de fundo dominante da teoria política e outras contribuições disciplinares aos estudos de desenvolvimento é o pensamento liberal. As teses liberais sobre desenvolvimento aparentam pressupor que o desenvolvimento apenas faz sentido a partir dessa perspetiva. No entanto, as tensões surgem sob a forma de procura de conhecimento entre os liberais neoclássicos e estudiosos liberais alternativos, especialmente o neokeynesiano, por um lado, e os pensamentos neo-marxistas mais radicais, por outro lado. A tensão está centralmente relacionada com a disputa entre a soberania de mercado dos neoclássicos e o intervencionismo estatal dos pensamentos radicais keynesianos e neo-marxistas. Estas disputas atraem o papel do Estado em desenvolvimento e, portanto, criam uma abertura para a intervenção da teoria política. Este artigo estabelece o nexo da teoria política e estudos de desenvolvimento ao focar-se na temática em questão, na metodologia e em compromissos sociais. A principal reivindicação do artigo é que as ideias liberais dominantes sobre o desenvolvimento falham em captar as realidades de todas as sociedades, ainda que as estruturas alternativas, apesar das suas promessas, ainda não tenham elaborado os seus princípios para capturar as nuances das sociedades em desenvolvimento em África. Consequentemente, a intervenção decisiva na definição dos papeis dos cidadãos e do Estado para um desenvolvimento baseado na compreensão construtivista da sociedade é um papel necessário da teoria política nos estudos de desenvolvimento.

Rural development comprises three components: production, consumption and organisation. PRODUCTION points to the activities rural people undertake to obtain goods (such as food) and services (such as transport) for themselves and others in their community. Production can be measured in terms of the amount of money a rural family earns, or in terms of the amount of food the family grows and consumes. CONSUMPTION points to the fulfilment of the needs—in the first place, the basic needs—of rural families. Primary examples are the availability of clean water and of wood as a fuel source, of health and adequate nutrition, of education, welfare and transport. These needs are met by the delivery of services to a rural community. Services are provided in the first place by the central state, often through its local authority (in Ciskei, the Tribal Authority). They may also be provided by voluntary associations active in the community, or by the household itself. ORGANISATION points simply to the ways in which productive activities (work) and consumption (receiving) are linked together in a rural community. The structure of the Tribal Authority and village councils, of schools, clinics, agricultural cooperatives, churches and women's groups are examples. All these institutions are designed to improve production and consumption in a given rural community. A rural development strategy then is a strategy aimed at improving production, consumption and the ways in which these two are linked. A rural development strategy moreover is initiated by the central government and can therefore be seen as a relationship between the central government and rural communities in Ciskei. ; Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)

South Sulawesi government has placed education as a top priority of regional development. In the Medium Term Development Plan of South Sulawesi 2008-2013, the education sector together with the health sector occupies the first agenda of the seven regional development agenda. To ensure that all children who are at school age actually attending school, South Sulawesi government since 2008 has implemented a policy of free education in all districts / cities. In real terms, the proportion of the education sector expenditure to total expenditure in the region of South Sulawesi is already above 20 percent with an increasing trend from year to year. In 2010, the proportion of education expenditure to total expenditure areas has reached 30.78 percent, whereas in 2005 only reached 20.89 percent. Education sector spending is increasing faster than the total shopping area led to the proportion of the education sector expenditure to total expenditure continues increase. Expenditure for the education sector in South Sulawesi has tripled over the period 2005-2011. In 2005, total real spending the education sector amounted to Rp 1.67 trillion and Rp 5.00 trillion increase to the year 2011, however, when viewed from the acquisition of knowledge is still relatively low as indicated by the large portion of the population is illiterate and the average low rate -rata old school which is reflected in the low HDI. The factors that lead to creative adaptation in the field of science and technology is quite slow.

Civil society is one of the most contentious terms in political thought. There is considerable, and highly significant, difference between academic debate about the meaning of 'civil society' and the way the term is mobilized in international development discourse. In particular, narratives of civil society in international development are often dominated by reference to organizational descriptions and measurability. But I would like to suggest here that the term should be reclaimed as a way of giving meaning to the stories of the everyday lives of the people who create, shape and embody civil society. Used in this way, the idea of civil society can be understood as intersecting emotions, discourses and practices and can add to the body of scholarly work that nurtures and values everyday life as a lens through which to view wider social processes. Paying attention to the everyday life of civil society may have implications for that way the civil society is engaged with academically, and also has the potential to refresh how civil society is thought about in development practice.

There can be little doubt that manufacturing industry is one of the principal vehicles in the process of economic growth and development. The effect of growth in output and employment in this sector usually stimulates other sectors making for an expansion of output and employment opportunities across an entire economy. This paper is thus concerned with the development of manufacturing industry in Ciskei over the past decade as well as its prospects for growth in the foreseeable future. The paper itself falls into five sections. Section 1 provides a brief historical overview of political and constitutional developments and of industrial growth in the Border region and in Ciskei ever the past fifteen years. Section 2 outlines the current incentive package and indicates its impact on the industrial sector of Ciskei. Section 3 considers the recommendations of the Swart Commission while Section 4 discusses the role and activities of the Ciskei People's Development Bank. Section 5 presents the findings of a limited survey of manufacturing firms in Ciskei and leads onto the final section which offers some recommendations for industrial development in Ciskei specifically and in Region D as a whole. ; Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)

This paper contributes to an on-going conversation between development studies (DS) and social policy (SP) as academic fields, particularly in the UK. Drawing on Andrew Abbott's analysis of the social sciences as an evolving system of knowledge lineages (KLs) it reflects first on the status of DS, and then on its relationship with SP. Defining DS as a distinctive KL centred on critical analysis of diverse ideas and projects for advancing human wellbeing, I suggest that it has lost coherence and influence even as research into international development thrives. Indeed it is easy to envisage its gradual assimilation into other KLs, including SP. The two increasingly overlap in their analysis of the causes of relative poverty and injustice, and what can be done to address them, within countries and globally. Strengthening links between the two fields can be justified as a political project, even at the risk of some loss of plurality and plenitude across the social sciences.

In the relatively new body of ideas dubbed "new economic geography" and "spatial economics," we find insights on the potentials of industrial agglomeration for regional and national economic development. This paper looked into the evolution of industrial development in the country as a means of elucidating the centripetal and centrifugal forces leading to agglomeration of firms and investments. A micro perspective was provided with the case study extended into the prime region in the country, Greater Manila Area. It was found that industrial agglomeration in the country takes the form of special economic zones and industry clusters, indicating that the government is taking the route toward regional dispersal of industries and the clustering strategy to spur industrial dynamism and competitiveness and consequently, regional and national economic development.

This report argues that improving local service delivery (LSD) is about improving people's lives. It is premised on the idea that better provision of public goods and services is a prerequisite to realizing human capabilities, thus expanding human freedoms and enhancing human lives for a better society. It investigates on improving local delivery of MDG-critical services such as education, health, and water, with a view to formulating sectoral decentralization policy frameworks that would serve as inputs to national strategies and plans in improving LSD in the Philippines. It develops a Triangulation Framework as a tool of analysis that provides a perspective on how to better understand the dynamics of LSD systems and the requirements for improving them through the interdependence of policy, institutions, and finance. Corollary argument is that institutional actors take a primordial role in improving LSD systems and practices despite policy and financial gaps and development challenges. Policy, institutional, and financial analyses at the national level are provided in contextualizing the sectoral discussions on primary and secondary education, maternal and child health, and potable water based on sector analysis and performance outcomes in the LSD areas of Agusan del Sur and Dumaguete City. The main thrusts of the sectoral discussions are the key findings, issues and challenges, reforms and recommendations, and areas for further research. The cross-cutting key findings are: (a) seeming universal espousal of people-centered service delivery; (b) critical role of LCEs in improving LSD; (c) scarcity of resources; (d) practice of needs-based prioritization of local officials; (e) need for constant capacity development of local governments; (f) crucial role of the national government in providing support; (g) imperative to balance national, regional, and local development plans; (h) presence of success/failure factors related to service standards; (i) nexus of supply-side and demand-side of governance; (j) omnipresence of politics even in matters of local service delivery; and (k) limited availment of opportunities for public-private partnerships. Based on the key findings, the major conclusions are: (i) the three sectors, i.e., education, health, and water supply, are complementarities and require holistic frameworks; (ii) decentralization can only create an enabling environment for local service delivery if and only if it is designed properly; (iii) improvement of local service delivery systems and practices depends greatly on the interdependence of policy, institutions, and finance; (iv) accountability could serve as an analytic framework of local service delivery; and (v) local service delivery systems do not exist in vacuums but are played out in oftentimes unfavorable political, economic, and social milieu.