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The importance of studying identity construction for understanding the structural bases of the society & inter-group patterns is affirmed. 'Labels' themselves have no intrinsic, abstract value. It is hyp'ed that the disposition of soc groups, the concatenation of power between & within them & the degree of control diff strata of the groups have over the allocation of material resources is the crucial area of analysis in explaining the bestowal, acceptance, or rejection of labels. A biological definition of identity in terms of race is then discussed in relation to the categories established by the Bradford Educ Committee for British Sch's: eg, Commonwealth parents--child born in UK; Commonwealth parents--child direct from overseas; non-Commonwealth parents, etc. Each category has instructions to the headmaster re health tests & allocation to a Sch. Under the British dispersal scheme, no Sch should have more than 25% of its total made up of immigrant children. Language was not the only consideration for instit'ing a dispersal policy. 'Native' & white on the one hand, & 'immigrant' & black on the other, are used inter-changeably in these categories. The Minister made it clear that West Indians, some of whom are 'natives', are part of the same problem which is said to be posed by non-English-speaking Pakistani & Indian pupils. The 'soc strains' hyp'ed by the British gov's White Paper, arise out of the fact that in a Sch with an overwhelming % of black pupils, the white pupils would feel--what? threatened? insecure? frustrated? lonely? or alternatively, their educ'al progress would be retarded by black pupils. The reverse argument is not publicly heard because black parents have no representation on town councils. The asymmetrical distribution of power remained unchanged. The solution lies in a group consciously defining its own identity. 3 Tables. M. Maxfield.

The thought of G. Gentile in ORIGINE E DOTTRINA DEL FASCISMO (Origins and Doctrines of Fascism, no publishing information given) on fascism in Italy is examined. It is stated that Gentile's allegiance to fascism, & fascism's attraction for intellectuals in general, was considerable. The situation in which Italy found herself at the end of WW1 was the real turning-point toward fascism. The expectation of intellectuals that the war would bring about a spiritual revolution in pol & in the Italian nation was in no way fulfilled. The disillusioned idealists felt that fascism would "draw together into one spiritual unity the creative souls of its citizens." The philosophical & theoretical background which led to such thinking is explored. Fascist theorists made much talk of considering all members of society as potential equals. Fascism succeeded in drawing together the Hegelian tradition of nat'list ideology, in which the individual is subordinate to the advancement of the nation as a whole, & the ideas of F. W. Nietzsche & G. Sorel on the right of a strong elite of superior minds to direct the lives of the individuals & lead the nation. All of Gentile's endeavors within the fascist state were imbued with a highly idealistic "Fascist spirit." No stone could remain unturned in the creation & completion of the fascist ideal; Gentile, as Minister of Public Educ under the fascists, therefore initiated educ'al reforms to impart this "new spirit" through the media of educ. A critique of Gentile's philosophy is offered in 2 parts: (a) an estimation of how much of what Gentile envisaged in ideal terms became actual in the real world, & (b) an examination of whether this idealism had any chance of being transmuted into reality, given its premises, the circumstances to which it was to be applied, & the plethora of other relevant factors & constraints acting upon such a system. It is found that Gentile was sincere, but his ideals had no chance under Mussolini's totalitarian outlook. M. Maxfield.

SummaryENDOGAMY AND ECONOMIC SYSTEM IN A FRENCH VILLAGEThe analysis of endogamy and of socially accepted relations is vital for an understanding of the relevant aspects of social life, particularly for a deeper knowledge of the relations between man and the land. In the village economy, which is dominated by market laws and characterized by owner–cultivation, land property is a means of increasing economic power. Thus, it holds a decisive position regarding family relations and marriage. These relations have an instrumental role in the inheritance and use of land. The re–formation of inherited property in the farm initiates various processes, and confirms the affective importance and the extent of family and marriage relations.RésuméENDOGAMIE ET SYSTÈMÉ ECONOMIQUE DANS UN VILLAGE FRANÇAISl'analyse de l'endogamie et des relations de parenté socialement reconnues est utile á la compréhension des autres aspects de la vie sociale, en particulier à la connaissance profonde des rapports des hommes et de la terre. Dans cette économie villageoise régie par les lois du marché, caractérisée par le mode de faire–valoir direct, la propriété de la terre, moyen d'accroître les pouvoirs économiques de chacun, occupe une position déterminante à l'égard des relations de parenté et d'alliance. Celles–ci jouent un rôle instrumental dans la transmission de la terre et dans sa mise en valeur. La reconstitution effective des patrimoines au niveau de l'exploitation agricole met en jeu plusieurs mécanismes et confirme la teneur affective et l'extension vécue des relations de parenté et d'alliance.ZusammenfassungENDOGAMIE UND WIRTSCHAFTSS YSTEM IN EINEM FRANZÖSISCHEN DORF Die Analyse der Endogamie und der sozial anerkannten Verwandt–schaftsbeziehungen ist wichtig für das Verständnis der anderen Aspekte des sozialen Lebens, insbesondere für die tiefere Kenntnis der Beziehungen 2wischen Menschen und Boden. In der dörflichen Wirtschaft, die von der Marktgesetzen beherrscht wird und durch die Eigenbewirtschaftung charakterisiert ist, nimmt das Bodeneigentum, als Mittel die ökonomische Macht jedes einzelnen zu erhohen, eine entscheidende Position ein hinsichtlich der Verwandtschaft und der Ehe. Diese Beziehungen spielen eine instrumentale Rolle in der Vererbung und in der Nutzung des Bodens. Die effektive Wieder–herstellung der Erbgüter auf der Ebene des landwirtschaftlichen Betriebes bringt mehrere Mechanismen ins Spiel und bestätigt die affektive Bedeutung und das Ausmaß der Beziehungen von Verwandtschaft und Ehe.

The substantive themes stressed by policy-makers & popular evaluations of a major Ur policy (the War on Poverty) are examined. It is hyp'ed that public att's toward major themes in the "war on poverty" are signif'ly related to their general evaluations of the program & the direction of those associations reflects the expectations of policy-makers. Data were collected in an area probability sample survey of adult residents of the city of Detroit, Mich, in 1966. Public perspectives concerning the theme of innovation or change were signif'ly related to att's toward the anti-poverty program. The results, however, disclosed an inverse rather than a direct association between the approval of community change & public support for the war on poverty. In general, citizens who supported numerous changes in the city opposed the anti-poverty program, & people who resisted change tended to favor it. This was true for both white & black segments of the pop. The data, therefore, provided surprisingly little corroboration for the description of the anti-poverty program as an "innovative" Ur policy. Contrary to the expectations reflected in the discussions of policy-makers, the war on poverty may have been perceived more as a status quo policy than as a radical & imaginative effort to ameliorate Ur problems. The major support for the policy was found among those city residents who upheld the status quo rather than those who sought to achieve broad soc & pol'al changes. The anti-poverty program did not draw the support of most persons who were primarily concerned with higher levels of gov, ie, citizens with a major interest in nat'l pol. Further res should focus on public responses to additional themes in gov'al policies & an analysis of the relationships between policy themes & sources of public opposition or support for the programs. 2 Tables. M. Maxfield.

Electoral victories and defeats occur repeatedly. This is especially true in democratic political systems where key governmental roles are filled through periodic elections. The attitude of defeated candidates toward the regime norms directly affects the system stability, because disaffected by defeat, these candidates may withdraw their support for the regime and may also translate such disaffection into radical political action. Despite the potential threat the defeated electoral candidates can pose to democratic stability, their political attitudes have rarely been investigated systematically in political science literature. Do defeated candidates exhibit an attitude toward the democratic rules and norms governing electoral competition significantly different from that of winning candidates? Do defeated candidates become politically less active after the election than they were before? Under what conditions do they become disaffected with the democratic rules and norms? This paper attempts, first, to compare the political attitudes of both winning and losing candidates, and second, to explore the variables which might account for differences in such attitudes.The data used in this paper are derived from a larger study of political recruitment in Oregon. Structured interviews were conducted with both winning and losing candidates who ran for the Oregon House of Representatives in the 1966 election. The samples were interviewed at three different times: before and after the primary, and after the general election. This research strategy permits us to analyze the effect of the outcome of the election on the attitudes of the candidates. Data were collected on the candidates' degree of support for the democratic rules of competition, their expected changes in political activity as a result of participation in the election, their career ambitions, and the perceived reward-cost, i.e., the material and psychological gains or losses which accrue to the candidates as a direct result of their participation in the election.

Even if "functionalism" is a relative newcomer to the study of politics, its theoretical roots are in the classics of political science. Thus it is ironic to note that the political theorists who have reintroduced the notion of functionalism have relied upon models inspired by anthropological and sociological theory.Every functionalist approach is fundamentally holistic and system-oriented. Functionalist theorists may be in error when they deny their common origin, whether direct or metaphorical, in biology. If "the great curse of functionalism is its 'ism,' the least of its weaknesses is its plural." There is more than one functionalism. With respect to political science alone, the author considers the contributions to functional theory of Ernst Haas, Karl Deutsch, David Easton, Gabriel Almond, and Amitai Etzioni.An outline of the author's own research is then presented in the light of the works considered. He argues for a more rigorous functionalism – a "functionalism of functions" which would be derived from specificallypoliticalbehaviour, rather than cross-disciplinary borrowings from other sciences that are theoretically more fertile. The ideal would be the development of apolito-logiqueof the emergence of political from social phenomena which would depart from the core or nerve centre of political functioning: the interplay of the four essential functions of government, legislation, administration, and adjudication.Although they are usually differentiated, political and social systems overlap and are interdependent. It is useful to consider them as a single organism, responsive to internal as well as external exigencies. With the notions offunction, level, perspective,andfieldof analysis, the author indicates how one can move from a model of the functions of the State(Fonctionnement de l'état)to a dynamic conception of the state in operation(L'état en fonctionnement).Finally, the author emphasizes the importance of not denying the political, but of remaining at the level of the political, in order to achieve the greatest theoretical success.

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: M. Navarro-Cía, V. Pacheco-Peña, S. A. Kuznetsov, M. Beruete: Extraordinary THz Transmission with a Small Beam Spot: The Leaky Wave Mechanism. Advanced Optical Materials 2018, 1701312, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201701312. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving. ; The discovery of extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) through patterned metallic foils in the late 1990s was decisive for the development of plasmonics and cleared the path to employ small apertures for a variety of interesting applications all along the electromagnetic spectrum. However, a typical drawback often found in practical EOT structures is the large size needed to obtain high transmittance peaks. Consequently, practical EOT arrays are usually illuminated using an expanded (mimicking a plane wave) beam. Here, it is shown with numerical and experimental results in the THz range that high transmittance peaks can be obtained even with a reduced illumination spot exciting a small number of holes, provided that the structure has a sufficient number of lateral holes out of the illumination spot. These results shed more light on the prominent role of leaky waves in the underlying physics of EOT and have a direct impact on potential applications. ; This work was partially supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad with European Union Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) funds [TEC2014-51902-C2-2-R]. M.N.-C. acknowledges support from University of Birmingham [Birmingham Fellowship]. V.P.-P. was sponsored by Spanish Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte [formación de profesorado universitario (FPU) AP-2012-3796]. S.A.K. acknowledges support from the Novosibirsk State University (NSU) program 5-100 established by the Russian Ministry of Education and Science.

This paper focuses on the availability of economic indicators and metrics to assess effects of marine aquaculture production in the North Atlantic area (the EU, Norway, Canada and USA), including also social and environmental effects. We consider how aquaculture planning and management is organised in the different countries and the usefulness of economic information to address different aquaculture‐related policies. We find that the most relevant economic data for aquaculture management should be at the local and regional levels rather than nationally. The availability of such economic data is mapped for national, regional and local level. The focus is on data that are publicly available from authorities or research institutions. The availability of data is generally fairly good for national and regional data on the direct economic effects of aquaculture. Data on how aquaculture‐related products or input markets are affected are however poorly available, as are economic data on external effects from aquaculture. Countries with a larger aquaculture sector tend to have better availability of aquaculture‐related economic data than those with a smaller sector. An index is developed and calculated to show more specifically where the countries have relatively good or poor data availability compared to their needs. While it will not always be cost‐effective or meaningful to collect economic data on the effects of aquaculture, our study indicates that several countries could benefit from expanding such data collection. It can make trade‐off decisions more consistent and easier to perform, and aquaculture policies and measures can be better tailored to specific contexts ; This article is based upon work from COST Action OceansPast Platform (OPP – IS1403), supported by COST (Euro-pean Cooperation in Science and Technology). We gratefully acknowledge support also from the institutions of the authors, and discussions in the ICES Working Group onSocial and Economic Dimensions of Aquaculture. In particular, we thank Max ...

El artículo se centra en mostrar el avance en la investigación a nivel documental, arqueológico y de fuentes directas de las obras de fortificación del Pirineo. Además de hacer un breve estado de la cuestión, se describen y diferencian las dos principales fases de desarrollo de la misma, a través del análisis de las obras llevadas a cabo en el valle de Baztan y en el área de Auritz/Burguete y Orreaga/Roncesvalles. Un segundo punto analiza el impacto socioeconómico de su construcción y de las consecuencias de la situación fronteriza, centrado en el área de Auritz/Burguete, con especial énfasis en su reflejo en la documentación, tanto del Archivo General Militar de Ávila como del Archivo Municipal de Auritz/Burguete. ; Pirinioetako gotorlekuei buruzko ikerketen aurrerabidea azaltzen du artikuluak alderdi dokumentalari, arkeologikoari eta zuzeneko iturriei dagokienez. Ikerketa zein egoeratan dagoen laburki esplikatzeaz gainera, ikerketaren bi garapen-fase nagusiak deskribatzen eta bereizten dira Baztanen eta Auritz eta Orreaga inguruan egindako obrak ikertuz. Gero, gotorlekuak eraikitzeak zer-nolako eragin sozioekonomikoa izan zuen aztertzen da, eta eraikuntzak mugan egoteak zer ondorio izan zituen, Auritzen kasuan batik bat. Bestalde, Ávilako Artxibo Militar Nagusiko eta Aurizko Udal Artxiboko dokumentazioan hori nola islatzen den azpimarratzen da. ; This article's objective is to show the progress made in documentary, archeological and direct sources research about the works of fortification in Pirineos' region. Starting with a brief synthesis of status, then the two main development phases of the project are described and differentiated, through the analysis of the construction works in Valle de Baztan and Auritz/Burguete and Orreaga/Roncesvalles areas. A second line of analysis is based on the socioeconomic impact of the construction and the consequences of the border situation, centered in the Auritz/Burguete area, with special focus on documentation from Archivo General Militar de Ávila and Archivo Municipal de Auritz/Burguete.

Amyloid fibrils formed by a variety of peptides are biological markers of different human diseases, such as Alzheimer, Parkinson or Type II diabetes, and are structural constituents of bacterial biofilms. Novel fluorescent probes offering improved sensitivity or specificity towards that diversity of amyloid fibrils, or providing alternative spectral windows are needed to improve the detection or the identification of amyloid structures. One potential source for such new probes is offered by molecules known to interact with fibrils, such as the inhibitors of amyloid aggregation found in drug discovery projects. Here, we show the feasibility of the approach by designing, synthesizing and testing several pyrene-based fluorescent derivatives of a previously discovered inhibitor of the aggregation of the Aβ1-42 peptide. All the derivatives tested retain the interaction with the amyloid architecture and allow its staining. The more soluble derivative, compound 1D, stains similarly well amyloid fibrils formed by Aβ1-42, α-synuclein or amylin, provides a sensitivity only slightly lower than that of Thioflavin T, displays a large Stokes shift, allows an efficient excitation in the UV spectral region,and it is not cytotoxic. Compound 1D can also stain amyloid fibrils formed by Staphylococcal peptides present in biofilm matrices and can be used to distinguish, by direct staining,S. aureus biofilms containing amyloid forming phenol soluble modulins from those lacking them. ; IL is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness grant BIO2014-53530-R. SVis supported by grant BIO2016-783-78310-R and by ICREA (ICREA Academia 2015). MDD is supported by the Government of Aragon (GA E-102). JS is supported by grants BFU2016-78232-P (MINECO, Spain) and E45_17R (Gobierno de Aragón, Spain). JS and IL acknowledge financial support from grant CI-2017/001-3 (Campus Iberus, Spain). AM was a recipient of a predoctoral FPU fellowship from the Spanish Government.

In the inner ear, sensory versus neuronal specification is achieved through few well-defined bHLH transcription factors. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating the generation of the appropriate cell type in the correct place and at the correct time are not completely understood yet. Various studies have shown that hair cell- and neuron-specifying genes partially overlap in the otic territory, suggesting that mutual interactions among these bHLH factors could direct the generation of the two cell types from a common neurosensory progenitor. Although there is little evidence for a clonal relationship between macular hair cells and sensory neurons, the existence of a single progenitor able to give both sensory and neuronal cell types remains an open question. Here, we identified a population of common neurosensory progenitors in the zebrafish inner ear and studied the proneural requirement for cell fate decision within this population. Expression analysis reveals that proneural genes for hair cells and neurons overlap within the posteromedial otic epithelium. Combined results from single-cell lineage and functional studies on neurog1 and neuroD1 further demonstrate the following: (1) in the anterior region of the ear, neuronal and sensory lineages have already segregated at the onset of proneural gene expression and are committed to a given fate very early; (2) in contrast, the posteromedial part of the ear harbors a population of common progenitors giving both neurons and hair cells until late stages; and finally (3) neuroD1 is required within this pool of bipotent progenitors to generate the hair cell fate. ; The work was funded by Ministry of Science and Innovation Grant BFU2009-07010 (C.P.). D.S. was a recipient of a postdoctoral Juan de la Cierva contract (Ministry of Science and Innovation) and S.D. of a predoctoral FI fellowship (Agency for Management of University and Research Grants, Government of Catalonia)

Genetic data indicate that abrogation of Notch-Rbpj or Wnt-β-catenin pathways results in the loss of the intestinal stem cells (ISCs). However, whether the effect of Notch is direct or due to the aberrant differentiation of the transit-amplifying cells into post-mitotic goblet cells is unknown. To address this issue, we have generated composite tamoxifen-inducible intestine-specific genetic mouse models and analyzed the expression of intestinal differentiation markers. Importantly, we found that activation of β-catenin partially rescues the differentiation phenotype of Rbpj deletion mutants, but not the loss of the ISC compartment. Moreover, we identified Bmi1, which is expressed in the ISC and progenitor compartments, as a gene that is co-regulated by Notch and β-catenin. Loss of Bmi1 resulted in reduced proliferation in the ISC compartment accompanied by p16(INK4a) and p19(ARF) (splice variants of Cdkn2a) accumulation, and increased differentiation to the post-mitotic goblet cell lineage that partially mimics Notch loss-of-function defects. Finally, we provide evidence that Bmi1 contributes to ISC self-renewal. ; This work has been supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III [PI10/01128], Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación [ACI2009-0918], Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca-Convocatòria Estratègica-2010-0006 and Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Cáncer [RD06/0020/0098, RD12/0036/0054]. The Mar Institute of Medical Research (IMIM) Foundation financed V.R., and she is a recipient of a European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) short-term fellowship [ASTF 20-2010]. E.L.-A. is funded by 'Fundación la Caixa' (2010) and the Department of Education, Universities and Research of the Basque Government [BFI-2011]. L.L.E. is an investigator of the Spanish National Health System (SNS) [CES08/006]

Europa ha conocido en 2014 dos reformas de las leyes de propiedad intelectual directamente pensadas para hacer que Google news pague a los editores de diarios en concepto de compensación por reproducción de contenidos ajenos, empleando las figuras legales de los derechos de explotación secundaria (ancillary rights), en el caso alemán, y de derecho irrenunciable, categoría antes reservada exclusivamente a los derechos morales, y por tanto personales, en el caso español. En este último, la reforma legal ha llevado a Google news a abandonar, por primera vez, su servicio en un país concreto. Estas dos iniciativas se unen a otras que, empleando la vía de la reforma legal o la jurisprudencial, han intentado hacer pagar al gigante americano, y han provocado un debate continental acerca de la conveniencia o no de la que la Unión Europea unifique su postura al respecto, incluso yendo posiblemente en contra de su propia doctrina, y en concreto del caso Svensson sobre el uso lícito de enlaces. ; During 2014, Germany and Spain reformed their copyright laws, with the specific goal of making Google news compensate newspaper publishers for the use of third parties' copyrightable works. These reforms were based on ancillary rights in Germany, and unwaivable rights in Spain (until now reserved to moral –and therefore personal– rights). In Spain, as a direct consequence of the legal reform, Google news decided, for the first time, to stop offering its service in a specific country. These initiatives join earlier efforts, using both legal and jurisprudential approaches, to attempt to make the American giant pay, and they have caused a debate on whether or not the European Union should clarify its opinion on the matter, even though it may contradict existing legal doctrine, such as the decision about the use of hyperlinks in the Svensson case.

Résume : Avec la mondialisation de l'économie, le libre échange, la libéralisation financière et la progression phénoménale des investissements directs étrangers (IDE), beaucoup de pays dits en voie de développement ont pu rattraper le retard en matière d'industrialisation , ce qui a rendu l'attractivité des IDE très concurrentielle sur le marché mondial compte tenu de l'impact positif de ces derniers sur la croissance économique dans de nombreux pays notamment ceux du (BRICS) à savoir le Brésil, Russie, l'Inde,la Chineet l'Afrique du Sud. Ces pays qui sont devenus la locomotive de l'économie mondiale en ces temps de crise. A l'instar des autres pays en développement, l'Algérie a mis en place depuis des années des politiques visant à attirer d'avantage les IDE, mais les flux de ces derniers restent modestes par rapport au potentiel du pays et ils restent concentrés essentiellement dans le secteur des hydrocarbures. Ce travail aura pour objectif de tirer les lacunes du climat des affaires en Algérie, ces lacunes sont devenues de véritables obstacles devant la pérennisation des IDE dans le pays. Elles y ont même obscurci le climat des affaires en affaiblissant la compétitivité et l'attractivité de l'économie nationale. الملخص: في ظل العولمة الاقتصادية و بفضل التبادل الحر والزيادة المعتبرة في تدفقات الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر استطاعت العديد من الدول السائرة في طريق النمو أن تستدرك التأخر في مجال الصناعة والتنمية الاقتصادية عموما مما أدى إلى اشتداد المنافسة بين هذه الدول لجذب اكبر قدر من الاستثمارات الأجنبية نظرا للدور الايجابي الذي تلعبه هذه الأخيرة في النمو والتنمية الاقتصادية ,و التي بفضلها أصبحت دول مثل الصين , روسيا , الهند, البرازيل و إفريقيا الجنوبية تمثل قاطرة الاقتصاد العالمي. كباقي الدول النامية أدخلت الجزائر عدة إصلاحات على نظامها الاقتصادي من اجل جذب المزيد من الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر ولكن تدفقات هذا الأخير تبقى متواضعة مقارنة بالإمكانيات الاستثمارية للبلد . يهدف هذا العمل إلى تسليط الضوء على النقائص التي تشوب المناخ الاستثماري في الجزائر والتي تحد من جاذبية وتنافسية الاقتصاد الجزائري .

Connexins (Cxs) are integral membrane proteins that form high-conductance plasma membrane channels, allowing communication from cell to cell (via gap junctions) and from cells to the extracellular environment (via hemichannels). Initially described for their role in joining excitable cells (nerve and muscle), gap junctions (GJs) are found between virtually all cells in solid tissues and are essential for functional coordination by enabling the direct transfer of small signalling molecules, metabolites, ions, and electrical signals from cell to cell. Several studies have revealed diverse channel-independent functions of Cxs, which include the control of cell growth and tumourigenicity. Connexin43 (Cx43) is the most widespread Cx in the human body. The myriad roles of Cx43 and its implication in the development of disorders such as cancer, inflammation, osteoarthritis and Alzheimer's disease have given rise to many novel questions. Several RNA- and DNA-binding motifs were predicted in the Cx43 and Cx26 sequences using different computational methods. This review provides insights into new, ground-breaking functions of Cxs, highlighting important areas for future work such as transfer of genetic information through extracellular vesicles. We discuss the implication of potential RNA- and DNA-binding domains in the Cx43 and Cx26 sequences in the cellular communication and control of signalling pathways ; This work was supported in part through funding from the Society for Research on Bone and Mineral Metabolism - Grant number FEIOMM2016 (to M.D.M.), by grant PRECIPITA-2015-000139 from the FECYT-Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (to M.D.M), by grants PI13/00591 and PI16/00035 from the Health Institute "Carlos III" (ISCIII, Spain) and co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund, "A way of making Europe" from the European Union (to M.D.M.), by a grant from Xunta de Galicia (pre-doctoral fellowship) to M.V.-E., and by a grant from the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports, Spain (FPU grant to ...