Abstract Corruption is a criminal act that breaks and against the state law and the religion law. Due tothe fact that this corruption is not only prohibited by the greatest one God but the effectivelegislation rule as well. Furthermore, the corruption can bring about a loss to all side. Forinstance; being able to make a misery society and country, locking the country economygrowth rapidity, putting in disorder country, being able to bring about a bad image for thecountry on the international people's view, in addition to, being able to cut down the countrythrust level on the international worl eithin doing cooperation, mainly in economy sector. Evenfor further more, the corruption make afraid of all foreigner investors to invest their stock orshare in Indonesia.On the other hand, the corruption can also induce the blocked project being carried out inourselves country as well as can hamper routine's job of the country. Thus the corruption actcan become the cause of the stopped country advance or progress. As a final point, thosecorruptors' re properly given a punishment dealing with their deed. Even a great deal ofsociety group wish those corruptors to be killed out or be given as a death sentence or in otherwords, at least is to be imposed as heavy as punishment in order to making them discourageto redo their deed. As a matter of the fact, this is only an example for other people who want todo what was done by the perpetrators before. In the long run, the corruption level can bedecreased in this our motherland's country.Keywords: the corrupt criminal act constitution, constituonal law, the effectivelegislation rule, Islamic law, Al-Qur'an & Al-Hadist.
Tourism is one sector that has helped support the Indonesian economy. Effort have been made to improve the quality of tourism in Indonesia, and to specific areas of the country. Practically all major Indonesian cities have their own branding strategies to increase the city's appeal and attractiveness (Parkerson and Saunders, 2004). The growth of specific intend tourism object such as golf, rafting and also MICE (Meeting, Incentive, Conference and Exhibition) which show some proofs to get foreign and domestic tourists attention to come to East Java and Surabaya as well. Globalization led to a growing number of tourists worldwide, there are an increasing number of tourists coming to Indonesia, spesifically to the city of Surabaya. In the year of 2008 there are 48,417 tourists coming to Surabaya. And in the year of 2009 that number increased to 136,539 tourists, 116,829 tourists in 2010 and 83,247 in 2011. Of all those numbers, most of them coming to Surabaya for their MICE activities. In 2008, about 63% of them coming to Surabaya to do their MICE activities. That percentage increased to 82% in 2009, 84% in 2010 then in 2011 increased to 85%. Indonesian government has set up 10 MICE destination cities, which one of them is the city of Surabaya. Looking at this big potential growth of MICE industry, it is important to improve the element of hospitality in Surabaya in supporting the growth of MICE industry, both for domestic and international tourists. This research has a purpose to describe through analyzing the preparation of Surabaya which has "Sparkling Surabaya" as its city branding. In advance, as the conclusion, it will be discussed about the obstacles and the solutions of marketing strategy to enhance the city branding of Surabaya.
The outcome of Regional Free Trade Area (R-FTA) still remains a conundrum. Regional free trade area (R-FTA) is one of the manifestations of the economy integration phenomenon. R-FTA brings many pros and cons to the economists. It allows better allocation of resources especially by eliminating tariffs, thus making people have higher purchasing power for goods. While the increase of purchasing power is good for growth engine and poverty alleviation progress, this paper proves that there is potency for the agreement to be detrimental in the long run. The main focus in this paper is the potential impact of ACFTA to the saving rate as the shock buffer for the poor in time of recessions and crises, where purchasing power decreases significantly. We view the ACFTA impact through the series of net import, defined as the difference between imports from export. We use Dynamic Panel Data (DPD) to estimate the impact of net import to the saving rate, assuming that there is a dynamic relationship between saving rate and its lagged value. The estimation result proves that there is a negative relationship between import and the saving per capita, which indicates the consumptive behavior of ASEAN people under high import. Moreover, the dynamic relationship shows that saving per capita is not persistent, meaning that the saving rate will be decreased gradually. Therefore, we can expect that in the long rung, the savings will be depleted into nothing if we keep letting the import flooded domestic market without imposing any pre-emptive and reactive policies. This paper provides a set of historical estimation of the potential impact of ACFTA on saving rate and its policy implication to endure the impact.
The issues of Papua (Both Papua and West Papua Provinces) have been reached by international communities even though the government regulation; Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 21, Year 2001, concerning Special Autonomy for Papua Province becoming a central issue as a problem solving to make a special treat for people in Papua internally. Whereas, the regulation is expected to make people in Papua develop political, economic, and cultural also resolving the insurgency problems among them. The arrangements of social and political, economy and budget are as a special treatment, only develop economy and infrastructure but it does not solve the conflicts until today. In this case, the Counterinsurgency (COIN) strategic model needs to be implemented following the appropriateness of national policy and the condition in Papua. This research used a content analysis method to reveal the causes of an un-optimal policy in solving the insurgency. Based on the four elements of COIN, only two elements exist; community and state elements. While the international community element and private sectors do not appear on the special autonomy legislation for Papua. As a reason, the COIN model appropriates with the condition of the people that include some elements; government, local community, the non-state, international community, and private sectors. Comparing to the United States of America (USA) model where the community is not included in the COIN element since the community as an object. On the other hand, it is different from China where military and political parties as important elements since the government decisions are supported by military force to solve the insurgency problem. This research found that civil and military cooperation in the model of COIN Papua after special autonomy is reflected by the existence of Local Government Leaders Communication Forum of Papua to face all situations that happened in Papua, both in security and emergency. Active coordination among governors, local legislators, Adat communities (customary), police, and army for COIN strategy needs special coordination to global communities openly that affect opinions on the people and private sector interests in Papua. ; Persoalan Papua (Provinsi Papua dan Papua Barat) telah mengundang komunitas internasional, namun kebijakan Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 21 Tahun 2001 Tentang Otonomi Khusus Bagi Provinsi Papua menjadi isu sentral dalam penyelesaian Papua hanya memberi perlakuan khusus terhadap internal masyarakat Papua. Padahal, melalui Undang-undang ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kesempatan kepada masyarakat Papua agar lebih cepat berkembang, baik politik, ekonomi, maupun budaya, disamping itu masalah gerakan insurgency (pemberontakan) juga dapat dituntaskan. Kenyataannya, penataan sosial politik, ekonomi dan anggaran yang bersifat khusus telah diberikan namun hanya mengembangkan perekonomian dan infrastruktur tetapi gerakan untuk memisahkan diri belum berakhir sampai saat ini. Untuk itu perlu suatu model strategi counterinsurgency (COIN) yang tetap sesuai dengan kebijakan nasional dan kondisi masyarakar Papua. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode content analysis untuk mengungkap penyebab kebijakan yang tidak optimal dalam menyelesaikan counterinsurgency. Berdasarkan empat elemen dasar dalam COIN hanya ada dua elemen yang ada, yaitu elemen masyarakat dan negara, sementara elemen komunitas internasional dan sektor privat tidak ditemukan dalam Undang-Undang Otonomi Khusus Papua. Sehingga, model COIN yang sesuai dengan kondisi masyarakat Papua harus memiliki unsur pemerintah, masyarakat lokal, non-state, komunitas internasional, dan sektor privat. Kalau dibandingkan dengan model United States of America (USA) yang memposisikan masyarakat tidak masuk dalam unsur COIN karena masyarakat diletakkan sebagai objek yang menentukan. Beda lagi kalau dibandingkan dengan strategi Cina yang menempatakan militer dan partai politik sebagai elemen penting karena keputusan pemerintah didukung oleh kekuatan militer untuk mengatasi masalah insurgency. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kombinasi sipil dan militer dalam model kebijakan COIN Papua Pasca-Otonomi Daerah tercermin dengan adanya Forum Komunikasi Pemimpin Daerah (Forkompimda) Papua dalam menghadapi situasi, baik kondisi aman maupun kondisi darurat. Koordinasikan aktif antara gubernur, legislatif daerah, masyarakat adat, kepolisian, dan militer. Strategi COIN di masa mendatang perlu jalur koordinasi khusus dengan komunitas global secara terbuka yang mempengaruhi opini tentang masyarakat Papua dan kepentingan sektor privat yang cukup kuat di Papua.
This article is intended to examine the movement of political parties towards the castration of village democracy. Based on two studies conducted before and after the birth of Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages. Marking the economy and the domination of the village elite are clearly illustrated in winning Pilkades. The dominance of clients who are concerned with the services of their parents or siblings who have been approved as village heads. Issues that will be the subject of discussion concern the role of party wings in the process of castration of village democracy. The selection of political parties is not seen in the castration of village democracy. It turns out that the people who control the candidates are those who are involved in political wing organizations. Political organizations have no restrictions as long as they do not prioritize political parties. This situation basically depicts my organization as indirect politics which has castrated village democracy. The organizational movement of the political wing in the village is a problem that is determined by the political parties which include its regulation. The election of village heads in the political process related to the political interests of the people, local politics regulates more influences on the daily life of national politics. The political wing organizations have unwittingly castrated democracy at the village level. Ideally, the village as a laboratory for national democracy should serve as a model and limit the excessive role of politics in achieving democracy nationally. ; Artikel bertujuan mengkaji gerakan sayap partai politik terhadap pengkebirian demokrasi desa. Berpangkal pada dua penelitian sebelum dan sesudah lahirnya Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa. Ekonomi dan dominasi elite desa tergambar jelas dalam memenangkan Pilkades. Permasalahan dan pembahasan berkenaan dengan peran sayap partai politik dalam proses pengkebirian demokrasi desa. Keterlibatan partai politik tidak terlihat dalam pengkebirian demokrasi ...
By : Nanda UlzannaAdvisor : Dr. Evi Susanti Tasri SE. M.Si Kasman Karimi SE. M.Si SUMMARY Soybean is one of the primary commodities that are widely needed as inputs to produce secondary commodities, such as; soy milk, tempeh, tofu, soy flour and others. In connection with this, soybeans have a very important role in the economy in Indonesia. The availability of soybean in the input market, lately is very likely to experience problems because of insufficient availability for the needs of the community.Currently, Indonesia is the sixth largest producer of soybeans in the world after the United States, Brazil, Argentina, China and India. However, domestic soybean production has not been able to meet the growing domestic demand from time to time well beyond the increase in domestic production. To be sufficient, the government imports. With the problem of soybean raw materials, the Government of Indonesia needs to protect the soybean farmers by one of the ways is the tariff policy which is the mechanism of market protection from the threat of import of cheap soybean import.The method used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis that aims to see the influence and relationship between dependent variable with independent variable. The data used are secondary data from 1990-2015.The result of analysis shows that gross domestic product is positive and significant to the value of soybean import in Indonesia. The result of the analysis shows that the exchange rate is positive and not significant to the value of soybean import in Indonesia. The result of the analysis shows that international price is negatively and insignificant to the value of soybean import in Indonesia. The result of the analysis shows that soybean production has positive and significant effect to the value of soybean import in Indonesia. Keywords: Import Value of Soybean in Indonesia, Gross Domestic Product, Exchange Rate, International Price, Soybean Production in Indonesia.
Since its inception and until now, oil palm plantations have been controversial in Indonesia. Although there is ample evidence presented by proponents proving that oil palm expansion has made an important contribution to the Indonesian economy, from an ecological point of view, it is claimed by critics to have negative impacts on the environment, one of which is the cause of natural disasters. The link between oil palm expansion and natural disasters is debated between critics and supporters of oil palm expansion. This study examines the theme of criticism of oil palm expansion as a cause of natural disasters and counter-discourse of supporting oil palm expansion. By using literature study methods and an environmental, sociological perspective, it is found that the discourse on the impact of oil palm plantation expansion shows a contradiction between the views of the New Ecological Paradigm (Paradigma Ekologi Baru or PEB) and the Human Exemptionalism Paradigm (Paradigma Keterpisahan Manusia or HEP). The Indonesian government is building a counter-discourse of ecological modernization to maintain and develop oil palm plantations expansion. ; Sejak awal dan hingga saat ini, perkebunan kelapa sawit menjadi kontroversi di Indonesia. Meskipun banyak bukti yang disajikan oleh para pendukung yang membuktikan bahwa ekspansi kelapa sawit telah memberikan kontribusi penting bagi perekonomian Indonesia, dari sudut pandang ekologis, hal tersebut diklaim oleh para kritikus memiliki dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan, salah satunya adalah penyebab bencana alam. Kaitan antara ekspansi kelapa sawit dan bencana alam, kemudian, menjadi perdebatan antara kritikus dan pendukung ekspansi kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini mengkaji tema wacana kritik ekspansi sawit sebagai penyebab bencana alam dan kontra wacana pendukung ekspansi sawit. Dengan menggunakan metode studi literatur dan perspektif sosiologi lingkungan, diperoleh hasil bahwa diskursus tentang dampak perluasan perkebunan kelapa sawit menunjukkan adanya kontradiksi antara pandangan Paradigma Ekologi Baru (PEB) dan Paradigma Keterpisahan Manusia (PKM). Pemerintah Indonesia membangun diskursus tandingan yang modernisasi ekologis untuk mempertahankan dan mengembangkan ekspansi perkebunan kelapa sawit.
This study aims to determine and explore how Islam and Malay as an intertwined entity influence the formation of political institutions in the Sultanate of Palembang, especially influencing the appointment and succession of the Sultan. This study is the result of qualitative research based on a literature review using interpretive analysis techniques. In the practice of Islam in Indonesia, cultural values of non-Islamic religions are maintained and practiced by Islamic entities such as practices in the replacement of the King and Sultan. A theoretical approach to society by looking at the evolution of kings approached to explain the history of state administration and the transition of power, combined with Elite; Political Culture, and Cultural Politics. The results of this study found that the system of appointment and change of power in the Sultanate of Palembang, namely the existence of its characteristics associated with a blend of Malay and Javanese culture. Differences in political culture greatly influence the process of succession that occurs. Malay culture which emphasizes more on its economy in the maritime field and Arabic symbols will be different from Javanese culture which is more agrarian and syncretic. ; Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengeksplorasi bagaimana Islam dan Melayu sebagai entitas yang saling terkait mempengaruhi pembentukan lembaga-lembaga politik di Kesultanan Palembang, terutama yang mempengaruhi pengangkatan dan suksesi Sultan. Penelitian ini adalah hasil penelitian kualitatif berdasarkan tinjauan literatur menggunakan teknik analisis interpretatif. Dalam praktik Islam di Indonesia, nilai-nilai budaya agama-agama non-Islam dipertahankan dan dipraktikkan oleh entitas Islam seperti praktik-praktik pergantian Raja dan Sultan. Melalui pendekatan teoretis tentang masyarakat sosial dengan melihat evolusi raja-raja yang dijadikan pendekatan untuk menjelaskan sejarah ketatanegaraan dan peralihan kekuasaan, dipadukan dengan Elite; Political Culture, dan Cultural Politics. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa sistem pengangkatan dan pergantian kekuasaan di Kesultanan Palembang, yaitu adanya karakteristik yang terkait dengan perpaduan budaya Melayu dan Jawa. Perbedaan budaya politik sangat mempengaruhi proses suksesi yang terjadi. Budaya Melayu yang lebih menekankan pada perekonomian di bidang maritim dan simbol-simbol Arab akan berbeda dengan budaya Jawa yang lebih agraris dan sinkretis.
Global Governance encompasses the world's political activities and the management of issues and phenomena that occurred on a nation-state, involving contributions from regional to the international environment. In the global security sector, there are numerous efforts carried out by a country to counter such external threats that can cause destabilization. Non-proliferation and nuclear developments for peace are such issues of the global defense-security concern. The attempts to control and ensure the use of nuclear has been carried out by enacting international law, resolutions, and multilateral agreements. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) is one kind. Influencing the world's security, politics, and economy, JCPOA began to be disrupted since the U.S. withdrawal as one of the parties that initially signed the agreement. This research aims to analyze The Collapse of Global Governance: When the U.S. Leaves the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). This research used a qualitative method with analysis based on secondary data, validated by the triangulation technique in this qualitative study. The analytical procedure uses secondary data from journals, media, and literature related to the Iran nuclear agreement and previous analyses discussing the U.S. exit from the JCPOA agreement. The analysis technique performs by arranging the data sequence, organizing the data into a pattern, category, and basic description. This research has found that Global Governance has fundamental weaknesses in its application. Through an analysis of the U.S. exit from the Iran nuclear agreement, it can be said that the reins of control are in the hands of the U.S. The Trump administration's policy on behalf of the U.S. to leave JCPOA to thwart the achievement of Global Governance and significantly affects the multi-national economic, political, and security order. The implementation of Global Governance and the issues also raised based on the interests of the superpowers. ; Global governance meliputi kegiatan politik dunia dan pengelolaan isu dan fenomena yang terjadi pada suatu negara kebangsaan, yang melibatkan kontribusi dari lingkungan regional hingga internasional. Di bidang keamanan global, banyak upaya yang dilakukan oleh suatu negara untuk melawan ancaman eksternal yang dapat menyebabkan destabilisasi. Non-proliferasi dan perkembangan nuklir untuk perdamaian adalah isu-isu yang menjadi perhatian pertahanan-keamanan global. Upaya pengendalian dan penjaminan penggunaan nuklir dilakukan melalui penetapan hukum internasional, resolusi, dan kesepakatan multilateral. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) adalah salah satunya. Mempengaruhi keamanan, politik, dan ekonomi dunia, keberadaan JCPOA mulai terganggu sejak mundurnya Amerika Serikat (AS) sebagai salah satu pihak yang awalnya menandatangani perjanjian. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis Runtuhnya Global Governance: Saat Keluarnya AS dari Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan analisis berdasarkan data sekunder, divalidasi dengan teknik triangulasi dalam penelitian kualitatif ini. Prosedur analitis menggunakan data sekunder yang diambil dari jurnal, media, dan literatur terkait perjanjian nuklir Iran dan analisis sebelumnya yang membahas keluarnya AS dari perjanjian JCPOA. Teknik analisis dilakukan dengan menyusun urutan data, mengorganisasikan data ke dalam suatu pola, kategori, dan deskripsi dasar. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa global governance memiliki kelemahan mendasar dalam penerapannya. Melalui analisis keluarnya AS dari perjanjian nuklir Iran, dapat dikatakan bahwa kendali kendali berada di tangan AS. Kebijakan pemerintahan Trump mengatasnamakan AS keluar dari JCPOA untuk menggagalkan pencapaian global governance dan secara signifikan mempengaruhi tatanan ekonomi, politik, dan keamanan multi-nasional. Implementasi global governance dan permasalahannya juga diangkat berdasarkan kepentingan negara adidaya.
Local Government expenditure is budgeting for all government needs and activities and managed under the authority of provinces, regencies, and municipalities through their respective regional heads. Well-targeted Local Government expenditure optimization has a significant impact on the regional economy. This research aims to determine poverty reduction in regencies/municipalities in South Sumatra Province, Indonesia, by examining the variable's impact of social assistance expenditure, capital expenditure, and local revenue on poverty. The data used are primary and secondary data obtained from 15 regencies/municipalities in South Sumatra Province during the 2010-2018 periods. The analysis technique uses in this research were Poverty Mapping with Klassen Typology and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR). Using the Klassen typology for poverty mapping in South Sumatra Province obtained four regional classifications (quadrant) based on poverty and economic growth: quadrant I (developed and fast-growing region), quadrant II (developed but depressed region), quadrant III (developing region), and quadrant IV (less developed region). The Klassen typology classification results: quadrant I include Palembang City, quadrant II includes Musi Banyuasin Regency, Muara Enim Regency, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency, and Banyuasin Regency. Quadrant III includes Ogan Komering Ulu Regency, Prabumulih City, and Lubuk Linggau City. Also, quadrant IV includes Lahat Regency, Musi Rawas Regency, Ogan Ilir Regency, Ogan Komering Ulu Timur Regency, Ogan Komering Ulu Selatan Regency, Empat Lawang Regency, and Pagar Alam City. The t-test regression results showed that Social assistance expenditure and local revenue affect poverty reduction, while capital expenditure does not significantly affect poverty reduction. The F-test regression results showed that poverty reduction was affected simultaneously by social assistance expenditure, capital expenditure, and local revenue. Policies in social assistance expenditure and capital expenditure were not well-targeted. The policies expected to reduce poverty are to provide well-targeted social assistance expenditure and capital expenditure. ; Belanja Daerah adalah penganggaran untuk semua kebutuhan dan kegiatan pemerintahan dan dikelola di bawah kewenangan provinsi, kabupaten, dan kota melalui kepala daerahnya masing-masing. Optimalisasi Belanja Daerah yang tepat sasaran berdampak signifikan terhadap perekonomian daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui reduksi kemiskinan di kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia, dengan menguji pengaruh variabel Belanja Bantuan Sosial, Belanja Modal, dan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) terhadap kemiskinan. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan sekunder yang diperoleh dari 15 kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan selama periode 2010-2018. Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Pemetaan Kemiskinan (Poverty Mapping) dengan Tipologi Klassen dan Regresi Linier Berganda. Dengan menggunakan Tipologi Klassen untuk pemetaan kemiskinan di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan diperoleh empat klasifikasi wilayah (kuadran) berdasarkan kemiskinan dan pertumbuhan ekonomi: kuadran I (daerah maju dan bertumbuh cepat), kuadran II (daerah maju tetapi tertekan), kuadran III (daerah sedang bertumbuh), dan kuadran IV (daerah relatif tertinggal). Hasil klasifikasi Tipologi Klassen: kuadran I meliputi Kota Palembang, kuadran II meliputi Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin, Kabupaten Muara Enim, Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir, dan Kabupaten Banyuasin. Kuadran III meliputi Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu, Kota Prabumulih, dan Kota Lubuk Linggau. Sedangkan kuadran IV meliputi Kabupaten Lahat, Kabupaten Musi Rawas, Kabupaten Ogan Ilir, Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Timur, Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Selatan, Kabupaten Empat Lawang, dan Kota Pagar Alam. Hasil regresi uji-t menunjukkan bahwa Belanja Bantuan Sosial dan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) berpengaruh terhadap reduksi kemiskinan, sedangkan Belanja Modal tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap reduksi kemiskinan. Hasil regresi uji-F menunjukkan bahwa reduksi kemiskinan dipengaruhi secara simultan oleh Belanja Bantuan Sosial, Belanja Modal, dan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD). Kebijakan Belanja Bantuan Sosial dan Belanja Modal kurang tepat sasaran. Kebijakan yang diharapkan dapat mereduksi kemiskinan adalah dengan memberikan Belanja Bantuan Sosial dan Belanja Modal yang tepat sasaran.
