Tendo em consideração a extinção do Ministério da Cultura na orgânica do atual governo de Portugal, analisa-se o percurso e faz-se o balanço das políticas culturais levadas a cabo desde 1995 até à referida extinção. Delineiam-se ainda os principais eixos que devem ser considerados nas políticas públicas de cultura e equacionam-se as perspetivas de futuro com que estamos confrontados. ; Taking into account the extinction of the Ministry of Culture in the organic of the current government of Portugal, this article analyses the course and the balance of cultural policies undertaken since 1995 until the referred extinction. It also outlines the main axes that should be considered in public policies for culture and equate to the prospects of the future we face.
Tendo em consideração a extinção do Ministério da Cultura na orgânica do atual governo de Portugal, analisa-se o percurso e faz-se o balanço das políticas culturais levadas a cabo desde 1995 até à referida extinção. Delineiam-se ainda os principais eixos que devem ser considerados nas políticas públicas de cultura e equacionam-se as perspetivas de futuro com que estamos confrontados. ; Taking into account the extinction of the Ministry of Culture in the organic of the current government of Portugal, this article analyses the course and the balance of cultural policies undertaken since 1995 until the referred extinction. It also outlines the main axes that should be considered in public policies for culture and equate to the prospects of the future we face.
Starting from the arendtian distinctions of the concept of public as appearance, exhibition and publicity and public as sharing a common world I will try to show how our perception of reality is dependent on common sense. This own characteristic of the human condition submits all societies to the challenge of creating and maintaining a public realm, in which the different opinions can, in confronting each other and both with the perceived world, rise from the level of self-opinion to common vision of reality, thus making the world shareable. Next I present the characteristics of neoliberal reason to conclude that it can not found a public realm and even needs its destruction. I present this threat of the hegemony of neoliberal reason over contemporary common sense in terms of tendency, why the total destruction of public realm would also mean the extinction of human societies as social aggregation and politic, which has already been tried in totalitarian regimes and failed.
This paper examines the reading of Hans Jonas about the impact of new technologies on human and extra-humanlife. He highlights, in particular, that new technologies have assumed an excessive power to the man, who bringsboth good and disastrous consequences, which may even lead to the extinction of the present and future life. He confirms that this significant increase in technical knowledge. Unfortunately, that was not proportional to the increase of human wisdom. So, our intention is to present, according to the understanding of Hans Jonas, the proposed review of the prevailing ethical levels along the western philosophical tradition; elucidating the main features of modern technology; presenting the shortcomings of traditional ethics before emerging problems in the contemporary world; circumscribing how ethical principle of responsibility emerges and showing how extent scientific progress demands ethical prudence. Therefore, we support the idea that the ethics of Hans Jonas goes beyond the anthropocentric relationship, promoting bio-cosmocentric ethics that includes the extra-human, considering the development of ethical awareness and the responsibility of man to the present and future of life on the planet.
Ministries are government structures that are located at the intersection between cycles of public policies, political party relations and the organizational design of direct public administration. Despite their relevance, the trajectory of the ministries over time is poorly understood, with an explanatory gap persisting as to the factors that lead to the creation, stability, transformation and extinction of these structures. Faced with this gap, this Discussion Paper sought to address the following central question: is there an underlying pattern to the trajectory of ministerial structures in different countries? To this end, a comparative analysis of the trajectories of ministries pertaining to 21 countries over a period of thirty years (1990-2020) was undertaken, with the aim of capturing convergent and divergent dynamics in view of the political systems of the countries studied and the thematic areas of the ministries. Preliminary findings indicate that ministries are strongly prone to stability regardless of the political system of the country in question, while changes in competence are the most frequent category of transformation. In addition, the longest running ministries are those with thematic areas related to the structuring activities of the State, such as justice and foreign affairs
This article works with the history of how the tool inflation adjustment of annual reports was arranged over half a century until its extinction. To do this, we related the social contexts, the legislation, and the academic perception corresponding to its best implementation in the financial system of Brazil. This study introduces a chronology of using this tool since the 1940s, when a sporadic revaluation of assets began, until the 1990s, when the signs of fatigue and the very extinction of inflation adjustment became apparent in Brazil. The importance of this historical contextualization relies on the possibility of understanding the history of inflation adjustment related to recent events in the country's history, marked over these 50 years by troubled times in national politics, permeated with strong instabilities. The Brazilian economy has faced, in its recent history, long periods of high inflation rates. Several measures and plans were needed to reduce inflation rates and seek economic stability. Even so, it was observed that, in the first moments when the country experienced a less severe inflation process, compared to some later ones, there was support from a regulatory legislation and concern to measure and mitigate the impacts of devaluation of the currency's purchasing power on the assets of companies. Thus, we also point out the limits imposed by the prohibition to use this tool to deal with the lack of accuracy of annual reports prepared by companies since 1996. ; Este artigo trabalha com a história do modo como a ferramenta correção monetária das demonstrações contábeis foi sendo formatada ao longo de meio século até sua extinção. Para tanto, foram relacionados os contextos sociais, a legislação e a percepção acadêmica correspondente à sua melhor implementação no sistema financeiro do Brasil. Este estudo apresenta uma periodização do uso dessa ferramenta desde a década de 1940, quando teve início uma reavaliação esporádica dos ativos, até a década de 1990, quando se tornaram visíveis os sinais de desgaste e a própria extinção da correção monetária no Brasil. A importância dessa contextualização histórica recai sobre a possibilidade de compreender a história da correção monetária ligada aos acontecimentos recentes da história do país, marcada nesses 50 anos por momentos conturbados da política nacional, permeados por fortes instabilidades. A economia brasileira enfrentou, em sua história recente, longos períodos de forte inflação. Diversas medidas e planos foram necessários para reduzir os índices de inflação e buscar a estabilidade econômica. Mesmo assim, observou-se que, nos primeiros momentos em que o país viveu um processo inflacionário menos expressivo, em comparação a alguns posteriores, houve o amparo de uma legislação reguladora e a preocupação de medir e atenuar os impactos da desvalorização do poder aquisitivo da moeda nos ativos das empresas. Nesse sentido, apontamos, também, limites impostos pela proibição do uso dessa ferramenta para lidar com a falta de precisão das demonstrações contábeis elaboradas pelas empresas a partir de 1996.
Entrepreneurship of Teaching Education for Special Education. After the extinction of the Special Education qualification in the Pedagogy Degree course in 2006, the initial teacher training for acting in this modality became available through the Special Education degree. In order to provide an overview of the availability of Higher Education Institutions that offer the mentioned course, documentary analyzes was conducted to show the expansion of this course, mainly in private institutions and in the distance modality as of 2008. The results demonstrate that the expansion of this process is anchored in the discourse of democratizing access to higher education, contributing to consolidate the entrepreneurial process of teacher education to work in Special Education. ; Empresariamento da Formação Docente para a Educação Especial. Após a extinção da habilitação em Educação Especial no curso de Licenciatura em Pedagogia no ano de 2006, a formação inicial docente para atuação nessa modalidade passou a ser oferecida por meio da licenciatura em Educação Especial. Com o objetivo de traçar um panorama da disponibilização das Instituições de Ensino Superior que ofertam a referida licenciatura, foram realizadas análises documentais que evidenciam a expansão desse curso, principalmente a partir do ano de 2008, em instituições privadas e na modalidade a distância. Os resultados demonstram que esse processo se a ncora no discurso da democratização do acesso ao ensino superior, contribuindo para consolidar o processo de empresariamento da formação docente para atuação na Educação Especial.
Corbicula fluminea é um bivalve exótico natural da Ásia que espalhou-se rapidamente pelo mundo tornando-se uma espécie invasora altamente agressiva em muitos países. A espécie tem o potencial de provocar uma série de impactos ecológicos, econômicos e sociais como a extinção de espécies nativas, alterações em ecossistemas e danos em tubulações e turbinas de hidrelétricas. Como exemplo dos danos que a espécie pode gerar, basta mencionar que o governo dos Estados Unidos gasta anualmente mais de 1 bilhão de dólares com a espécie. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram registrar a primeira ocorrência do bivalve invasor C. fluminea na bacia do rio Jundiaí-Mirim, SP, Brasil bem como contribuir com alguns dados ecológicos básicos como densidade, distribuição de frequências de tamanho bem como a distribuição da espécie ao longo da bacia hidrográfica. Um total de 78 indivíduos foi coletado com draga van Veen. Os organismos foram identificados e medidos. O molusco foi registrado em apenas duas das quatro estações amostrais e sua distribuição provavelmente relaciona-se com a composição do sedimento e fluxo da água. Valores intermediários de densidade foram registrados variando de 12 a 235 ind.m-2. Os dados sugerem populações jovens que estão em crescimento na bacia. A presença de C. fluminea é uma questão preocupante no que concerne a manutenção do ecossistema e da água para diferentes usos na região de Jundiaí, SP. ; Corbicula fluminea is a naturally occurring Asian bivalve that was spread around the world, and which has become a highly aggressive invasive species in many countries. C. fluminea has many ecological, economic and social impacts, such as the extinction of native species, ecosystems alterations, and damage to pipes and hydropower turbines. As an illustration of the potential damage that proliferation of C. fluminea can cause, it is noted that the United States government spends more than 1 billion dollars per year to control this species. This work recorded the first occurrence of the Asian clam C. fluminea in the Jundiaí-Mirim Basin, SP, Brazil, and included basic ecological information such as density, frequency distribution of size and species distribution along the basin. Seventy-eight individuals were sampled with a van Veen grab along the basin. The specimens were identified and measured. The exotic species was found only in two of four sampling points and its distribution was possibly influenced by sediment composition and water flow. Moderate densities were calculated, ranging from 12 to 235 ind.m-2. Our data suggest that young populations are growing in the basin. The presence of C. fluminea is a concern for the maintenance of the ecosystem and for different water uses in the Jundiai region. ; Corbicula fluminea is a naturally occurring Asian bivalve that was spread around the world, and which has become a highly aggressive invasive species in many countries. C. fluminea has many ecological, economic and social impacts, such as the extinction of native species, ecosystems alterations, and damage to pipes and hydropower turbines. As an illustration of the potential damage that proliferation of C. fluminea can cause, it is noted that the United States government spends more than 1 billion dollars per year to control this species. This work recorded the first occurrence of the Asian clam C. fluminea in the Jundiaí-Mirim Basin, SP, Brazil, and included basic ecological information such as density, frequency distribution of size and species distribution along the basin. Seventy-eight individuals were sampled with a van Veen grab along the basin. The specimens were identified and measured. The exotic species was found only in two of four sampling points and its distribution was possibly influenced by sediment composition and water flow. Moderate densities were calculated, ranging from 12 to 235 ind.m-2. Our data suggest that young populations are growing in the basin. The presence of C. fluminea is a concern for the maintenance of the ecosystem and for different water uses in the Jundiai region.
This paper explores the role of shamanism as a performance mode among the Siona Indians of Colombia as an expression of cultural distinctiveness in the face of Colonial and post-Colonial violence. Oral history recounts how the shamanic role transformed to that of the powerful cacique curaca as an adaptive response to missionary activities. After near extinction of practicing shamans in the 20th Century, their performances emerged in the last two decades as a key strategy in promoting ethnic distinctiveness in contemporary struggles for Indigenous rights. Both the Constitution of 1991 and urban neo-shamanic networks associate shamanism with ecological preservation, traditional medicine, ethnic identity and community well-being. In the Putumayo, a region characterized as a "war zone", shamanic performances are a central strategy in the complex field of negotiations between Indigenous communities, governmental and non-governmental organizations, extractive industries and diverse armed groups. ; Entendendo o xamanismo como um modo performático, este texto explora o seu papel entre os índios Siona da Colômbia como expressão de especificidade cultural perante a violência colonial e pós-colonial. A história oral reconta como o papel xamânico transformou-se no papel do poderoso cacique curaca, em resposta adaptativa às atividades missionárias. Após a quase extinção dos xamãs praticantes no século XX, suas performances surgiram nas duas últimas décadas como uma estratégia-chave na fomentação das especificidades étnicas e nas lutas contemporâneas pelos direitos indígenas. Tanto a constituição colombiana de 1991 quanto as redes urbanas neoxamânicas associam o xamanismo à preservação ecológica, à medicina tradicional, à identidade étnica e ao bem-estar da comunidade. Em Putumayo, região caracterizada como "zona de guerra", as performances xamânicas são uma estratégia fundamental no campo complexo das negociações entre comunidades indígenas, organizações governamentais e não governamentais, indústrias extrativas e diversos grupos armados.Tradução: Elisa Nazarian
Introduction: Considering the high incidence of adulterations in olive oil marketed in Brazil, a continuous monitoring of this product is fundamental. Objective: In the present study, 41 samples from 18 brands were evaluated, of which 26 were declared as extra virgin olive oil (AOEV) and 15 as olive oil (AO). Method: The samples were analyzed at Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil, between 2014 and 2016. Fatty acids profile, acidity and peroxides indexes, specific extinction at 270 nm, ECN 42 difference, tocopherols profile and adequacy of nutritional information were determined. Results: Nineteen samples (46%), of 12 brands, did not present a characteristic fatty acid profile. The ECN 42 difference was sensitive to indicate the adulteration of two other samples whose fatty acid profile was of authentic olive oil. Of the 26 samples declared as AOEV, only 9 were in this category. Twenty-two samples had a monounsaturated fatty acid content (AGM) and / or polyunsaturated fatty acid content (AGP), varying more than 20% of that declared on the label. Conclusions: The adulterated samples were bottled in Brazil, evidencing the need for a more rigorous control in the production and commercialization of the product aiming at the nutritional safety of this food. ; Introdução: Considerando a alta incidência de adulterações no azeite de oliva comercializado no Brasil, é fundamental o monitoramento contínuo deste produto. Objetivo: No presente estudo foram avaliadas 41 amostras de 18 marcas, sendo 26 declaradas como azeite de oliva extra virgem (AOEV) e 15 como azeite de oliva (AO). Método: As amostras foram analisadas no Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brasil, entre os anos de 2014 e 2016. Foram determinados: o perfil de ácidos graxos, os índices de acidez e peróxidos a extinção específica a 270 nm, a diferença do ECN 42, o perfil de tocoferóis e a adequação da informação nutricional. Resultados: Dezenove amostras (46%), de 12 marcas, não apresentaram perfil de ácidos graxos característico. A diferença do ECN 42 mostrou-se sensível para indicar a adulteração de outras duas amostras cujo perfil de ácidos graxos era de azeite autêntico. Das 26 amostras declaradas como AOEV, somente 9 enquadraram-se nesta categoria. Vinte e duas amostras apresentaram teor de ácidos graxos monoinsaturados (AGM) e/ou poli-insaturados (AGP) variando mais que 20% do declarado no rótulo. Conclusões: As amostras adulteradas foram envasadas no Brasil, evidenciando a necessidade de um controle mais rigoroso na produção e na comercialização do produto com vistas à segurança nutricional deste alimento.
