Suchergebnisse

National audience ; Food sovereignty is the right for people to decide about their own strategies and policies to guarantee their food safety while considering the effects on others. Through food choices as well as agricultural or trade policies, it guarantees access to healthy and sustainable food. It is a global concept within which social aspects, economy, politics and the environment are closely intertwined. ; La souveraineté alimentaire est un droit des populations à décider de leurs propres stratégies et politiques pour garantir leur sécurité alimentaire tout en considérant les effets sur les autres. Elle garantit, par le biais de choix d'alimentation mais aussi de politiques agricoles ou commerciales, l'accès à une alimentation saine et durable. Il s'agit d'un concept global où social, économie, politique et environnement sont étroitement mêlés.

Fast food and exoticism.
We often associate fast food with Mac Donald's, which plays a prominent role in criticism of this kind of restaurant. Mac Donald's, but also Quick, Burger King and Flunch keep on conveying myths of post-war modernity : taylored production, conformity with norms for the sake of an imaginary egalitarianism and the utopia of beating time. Currently, we are witnessing a spread of this kind of restaurants which are either under head offices in the USA, managed directly, franchised or, like Quick, subordinated to French mass marketing companies. Boredom prevails in these places, due to the uniformity of the premises and the food we consume. The resulting indifference is the most obvious «crime». Demonising Mac Donald's, as Paul Ariès does in sociology or José Bové in politics, may not be the best reaction to fight against what must be called a collective dispossession of territories.

Egalement disponible en anglais Projet ANR – 05- PNRA – 012 - 01 ; National audience ; If, for a long time, the prime objective of food policies was to guarantee food safety, nowadays the objectives are more qualitative, at least in the developed countries. The importance of eating "better" has increased progressively in a context where life expectancy is increasing and where shortage has given way to an abundance of low-priced products. According to nutritional standards, food has even become a potential risk factor, with bad eating habits favouring the occurrence of specific illnesses like obesity, diabetes, cancer and heart disease. In the United States, obesity ranks second among the main causes of death (300,000 deaths per year), after tobacco (around 400,000 deaths per year). And the World Health Organization considers that a high energy diet poor in fruit and vegetables is a factor in obesity risk, a risk that may increase because of the relative fall in prices of food products. We attempt to find out whether the present structure of food prices goes against the nutritional recommendations. The food price structure and the socio-economic characteristics of households play a leading role in the distribution of food consumptions, with the price structure going against nutritional quality. In parallel, the private actors' strategies in the fruit and vegetable sector have not favoured the global consumption of these products whereas the reform of the Sugar Policy could stimulate industrial demand for added sugar. In the face of these observations which are against the nutritional recommendations and the PNNS (French National programme for Nutrition and Health), the public authorities may consider acting on prices to stimulate the consumption of fruit and vegetables by means of subsidies and/or reduce the consumption of fatty animal products by means of taxes. The simulated effects of such policies do not look homogenous within the population, a factor which in some cases could increase the disparities between ...

International audience ; Food-related mobilizations and protests include a wide range of practices, from collective acts by producers or consumers to organized social and political movements, from efforts taking place in small local areas to those involving national or international scales of action. Starting from a large and inclusive definition of « food activism », this paper aims to discuss on forms, ideas and practices of food activism that we can observe in Europe. What are the boundaries of food activism and how can we study it? What kinds of economy do « food activists » imagine or practice? What positions do activists defend and what political strategies do they employ inside Europe? Using two case studies - the international Slow Food movement and vegetable baskets systems like AMAP - I will put forward some hypotheses about the paradigms and practices of such activism. Discussing food activism allows us to understand not only the changes that occur over time in the forms of mobilization and their aims, but also links and connections between different food activisms. And it allows us to reflect also about our paradigms and our practices of research. ; Qu'elles soient locales, nationales ou internationales, les mobilisations et les contestations liées à l'alimentation regroupent un large éventail de pratiques allant des actions collectives de producteurs ou de consommateurs aux mouvements sociaux et politiques structurés. À partir d'une définition large et inclusive de la notion de, ce texte explore diverses formes, conceptions et pratiques du food activism observables en Europe. Comment pouvons-nous analyser le food activism et quelles sont ses limites ? Quels types d'économie imaginent ou pratiquent les food activists ? Quels types de positions défendent-ils et quelles stratégies mettent-ils à l'œuvre en Europe ? À partir de deux cas d'étude – le mouvement international Slow Food et les systèmes de paniers de légumes de type AMAP –, il s'agira d'avancer quelques hypothèses concernant les paradigmes et ...