the decision of a Member of Parliament to leave the Ecolo movement and join the Socialist Party and, consequently, to move from one parliamentary group to another, once again raises the question of the independence of the MP from his or her voters, colleagues and party. ; La décision d'un député de quitter le mouvement Ecolo et de joindre le Parti socialiste et, en conséquence, de passer d'un groupe parlementaire à l'autre, pose une nouvelle fois, la question de l'indépendance du parlementaire vis-à-vis de ses électeurs, de ses collègues et de son parti
p. 91-118 Voir l'article en ligne L'article analyse les usages du téléphone « familiale » chez les lycéens (à partir d'une enquête par questionnaire). Cet instrument, support important dans la conquête de l'autonomie des jeunes vivant au domicile familial, permettrait d'être à la fois membre fidèle à sa famille, tout en entretenant à l'extérieur du cadre domestique des relations d'amitié, voire d'amour. Une analyse typologique des formes de vie sociale des jeunes (saisies à partir des niveaux de sociabilité amicale, de proximité à la vie familiale, de contrôle parental, de la fréquence des sorties, et de l'existence d'un ou d'une petite amie) permet de distinguer quatre types d'usage du téléphone : les jeunes qui utilisent peu le téléphone car leur vie sociale extérieure à la vie familiale est restreinte ; ceux qui sont casaniers par choix et qui utilisent le téléphone pour maintenir quelques liens, rares mais précieux, avec le ou la petite amie par exemple ; ceux qui l'utilisent beaucoup car cet instrument leur permet de maintenir et de prolonger le contact avec leurs copains et copines avec lesquelles ils partagent beaucoup de choses et de temps ; et enfin ceux qui, étant davantage surveillés dans leurs faits et gestes par leurs parents, utilisent beaucoup le téléphone car il leur permet de s'évader et de sortir de l'emprise familiale. Ces quatre types existent aussi bien chez les filles que chez les garçons, même si la nature des conversations téléphoniques, leur durée et leur fréquence diffèrent selon le sexe.
Ansola, T. (2000). The risk of independence. Interview with John Sayles. Separate band. (18): 18-21. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/42435. ; 18 21 ; Ansola, T. (2000). The risk of independence. Interview with John Sayles. Separate band. (18): 18-21. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/42435. ; Importación Masiva ; Ansola, T. (2000). The risk of independence. Interview with John Sayles. Separate band. (18): 18-21. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/42435. ; Ansola, T. (2000). El riesgo de la independencia. Entrevista a John Sayles. Banda aparte. (18):18-21. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/42435.
Para romper el silencio e incomodar a la audiencia, Carolina Reynoso decide volver a poner el cuerpo e invita a que otras mujeres a que lo hagan. A partir de su historia de vida, entrelazando relatos de mujeres de distintas generaciones, pone en palabras la cotidianidad de miles que en Argentina recurren a la práctica del aborto. El film documental propone una mirada colectiva sobre la práctica del aborto que supere el ámbito de lo privado para transformarse en un tema político: Retoma como eje central la autonomía y la autodeterminación de los cuerpos como una lucha eminentemente política. Postula la necesidad de desmitificar la práctica, sacar el velo de aquello que esta callado y silenciado. Facultad de Trabajo Social
Summary: Over the last decade, the governments of Venezuela, Nicaragua, Ecuador and Bolivia launched constitutional reform processes aimed at establishing indefinite presidential re-election, allowing the same person to apply for the presidency without restrictions. This article analyses the institutional conditions in which this re-election formula was adopted. On the basis of the comparative analysis, we conclude that the introduction of indefinite presidential re-election is the result of an institutional crisis very marked by hyper presidencialism, the deterioration of judicial independence and the flexibility of constitutional change procedures. The fact that the countries that adopted indefinite re-election are currently characterised as semi democracies or authoritarisms is by no means a circumstantial factor. The adoption of indefinite re-election has in fact been a clear shortcut on the authoritarian and des-democratising path that these countries have transited over the last decade. ; Resumen: Durante la última década, los gobiernos de Venezuela, Nicaragua, Ecuador y Bolivia activaron procesos de reforma constitucional orientados a instituir la reelección presidencial indefinida, permitiendo que una misma persona postule a la presidencia sin restricciones. Este artículo analiza cuáles fueron las condiciones institucionales que en las cuales se adoptó esta fórmula de reelección. A partir del análisis comparativo, concluimos que la introducción de la reelección presidencial indefinida es el resultado de una crisis institucional muy marcada por el híper presidencialismo, el deterioro de la independencia judicial y la flexibilidad de los procedimientos de cambio constitucional. El hecho de que los países que adoptaron la reelección indefinida actualmente sean caracterizados como semi democracias o autoritarismos no es un de ninguna manera un dato circunstancial. La adopción de la reelección indefinida, de hecho, ha constituido un claro atajo en el camino autoritario y des-democratizador que estos países ...
Laurent RomaryArabesques: what role does the Scientific Council of Abes play? Laurent Romary: we have the chance to be here to advise but without the responsibility to decide. We have access to projects as soon as they emerge and we can work precisely on topics that are closely related to the library network and which are often also major topical topics in the wider field of scientific information such as digital independence, metad. ; Laurent RomaryArabesques : quel rôle joue le conseil scientifique de l'Abes ?Laurent Romary : nous avons la chance d'être là pour conseiller mais sans la responsabilité d'avoir à décider. Nous avons accès aux projets dès qu'ils émergent et nous pouvons travailler précisément sur des sujets qui touchent étroitement au réseau des bibliothèques et qui sont souvent aussi de grands sujets d'actualité dans le domaine de l'information scientifique au sens large comme l'indépendance numérique, les métad …
This article presents the care of interns from the FLN's point of view. His Federation of France, an apparatus for mobilising Algerian labour emigrated in enemy territory, sought to combat the isolation of enclosures, in order to keep them under its control and to prolong the struggle for independence in both prisons and camps. From this perspective, the families themselves were a challenge and were rescued. ; International audience ; This article presents the care of interns from the FLN's point of view. His Federation of France, an apparatus for mobilising Algerian labour emigrated in enemy territory, sought to combat the isolation of enclosures, in order to keep them under its control and to prolong the struggle for independence in both prisons and camps. From this perspective, the families themselves were a challenge and were rescued. ; Cet article présente la prise en charge des internés, du point de vue du FLN. Sa Fédération de France, appareil de mobilisation de la main d'œuvre algérienne émigrée en territoire ennemi, cherchait à lutter contre l'isolement des enfermés, afin de les garder sous son contrôle et de prolonger, tant dans les prisons que dans les camps, la lutte pour l'indépendance. Dans cette perspective, les familles elles-mêmes constituaient un enjeu et étaient secourues.
The study of import crockery (glass and this) offers a high profile on the understanding of cultural, economic and sometimes political interaction. The study of four regions of Great Britain from the VIIth to the Circle (Cornwall, Dalriada, Kent, Est-Anglie), between the two modes of the commonly used eye-like anthropopo-arch (interaction between political entities of similar status and the interaction between a nucleus and its eastern region), makes it possible to establish a whole "grade" of situations of interaction, either with each other or with the European continent, of the pure and simple influence on quasi-cultural and symbolic autonomy. ; International audience Adressing Foreign Food Habits: Adapting, Copying or Rejecting Continental Feasting Practices in 7th- century Britain. The study of imported tableware (both glass and ceramic) can allow us to understand more deeply some cases of cultural, economic and even political interaction, for which two archaeological/anthropological models have generally been used: peer-polity and core-periphery interaction. Four areas in 7th century Britain are here considered: Cornwall, Dalriada, Kent and East Anglia. This paper argues that these regions may be seen as belonging to a whole spectrum of interaction situations, between each other and with the European Continent, ranging from mere influence to cultural and symbolic autonomy. ; The study of import crockery (glass and this) offers a high profile on the understanding of cultural, economic and sometimes political interaction. The study of four regions of Great Britain from the VIIth to the Circle (Cornwall, Dalriada, Kent, Est-Anglie), between the two modes of the commonly used eye-like anthropopo-arch (interaction between political entities of similar status and the interaction between a nucleus and its eastern region), makes it possible to establish a whole "grade" of situations of interaction, either with each other or with the European continent, of the pure and simple influence on quasi-cultural and ...
The article demonstrates how Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) geographic headings for the Southern Levant mirror the political investment of Congress and the American public in Middle East politics over the last thirty years. The headings' evolution as well as Library of Congress rules governing their creation is charted in detail. These LCSH headings contrast markedly with those established in other national libraries (BnF, DNB) and independent value vocabularies (TGN, GeoNames), and global opinion regarding the legal status of the occupied territories. I sketch the historical context of their formation and offer suggestions as to how libraries can "decolonize" their metadata in service of Sanford Berman's "access and equity."
The author analyzes the interrelated events in Latin America and Europe in the late 1810's - the early 1820-ies and the Ibero-American revolution with regard to European revolutionary ideas. The author studies the ways of further research of such political processes in both regions.
RESUMEN The work is driving the evolution of the Cuban state-owned enterprise (CCP) from the late 1980s to the present day. It analyses the changes in its management systems, the prevailing relationship between centralisation and decentralisation of the economy and business autonomy. Directions are also suggested for a programme of transformations of the state-owned enterprise, a leading economic player in the Cuban model of economic and social development. ; RESUMEN El trabajo recorre la evolución de la empresa estatal cubana (EEC) desde finales de los ochenta hasta la actualidad. Analiza las transformaciones en sus sistemas de gestión, la relación prevaleciente entre centralización y descentralización de la economía y la autonomía empresarial. Asimismo se sugieren direcciones para un programa de transformaciones de la empresa estatal, agente económico principal en el modelo cubano de desarrollo económico y social.
A Markov tree is a probabilistic graphical model for a random vector by which conditional independence relations between variables are encoded via an undirected tree and each node corresponds to a variable. One possible max-stable attractor for such a model is a Hüsler-Reiss extreme value distribution whose variogram matrix inherits its structure from the tree, each edge contributing one free dependence parameter. Even if some of the variables are latent, as can occur on junctions or splits in a river network, the underlying model parameters are still identifiable if and only if every node corresponding to a missing variable has degree at least three. Three estimation procedures, based on the method of moments, maximum composite likelihood, and pairwise extremal coeffcients, are proposed for usage on multivariate peaks over thresholds data. The model and the methods are illustrated on a dataset of high water levels at several locations on the Seine network. The structured Hüsler-Reiss distribution is found to fit the observed extremal dependence well, and the fitted model confirms the importance of ow-connectedness for the strength of dependence between high water levels, even for locations at large distance apart.
In this paper, we present a discrete time regime switching binomial-like model of the term structure where the regime switches are governed by a discrete time semi-Markov process. We model the evolution of the prices of zero-coupon when given an initial term structure as in the model by Ho and Lee that we aim to extend. We discuss and derive conditions for the model to be arbitrage free and relate this to the notion of martingale measure. We explicitly show that due to the extra source of uncertainty coming from the underlying semi-Markov process, there are an infinite number of equivalent martingale measures. The notion of path independence is also studied in some detail, especially in the presence of regime switches. We deal with the market incompleteness by giving an explicit characterization of the minimal entropy martingale measure. We give an application to the pricing of a European bond option both in a Markov and semi-Markov framework. Finally, we conclude.
The aim of the work is to present a quick method for estimating the energy and environmental impact of the use of biogas from urban waste water treatment. The analysed atmospheric emissions consist of methane and carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gases. A cogeneration thermal engine is used to recover biogas. The results show that the use of biogas in cogeneration offers significant energy autonomy for an urban waste water treatment plant. The environmental impact (reduction of CH4 emissions and overall greenhouse effect) is an important aspect for assessing a biogas farm. ; International audience The aim of this paper is to present a fast method to consider the energy and environmental effect of the use of biogas (resulting from municipal waste water treatment) in cogeneration. The analyzed atmospheric emissions are composed by methane and carbon dioxide, principal gases producing greenhouse effect. À spark ignition engine, as CHP cell, is used for biogas valorization. An example of calculation for a real case offers estimated values, useful to take a decision concerning a biogas plant. If biogas is composed by 65 % of methane, electric needs are provided by CHP cell for a specific production greater than 0.18 Nm3/m3 waste water and heat is provided from 69 % of methane. The results prove that the use of biogas in cogeneration offers significant energy autonomy for a municipal waste water treatment plant. The environmental impact (reduction of the presence of CH4 and the greenhouse effect) represents a significant aspect to evaluate a biogas exploitation. ; The aim of the work is to present a quick method for estimating the energy and environmental impact of the use of biogas from urban waste water treatment. The analysed atmospheric emissions consist of methane and carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gases. A cogeneration thermal engine is used to recover biogas. The results show that the use of biogas in cogeneration offers significant energy autonomy for an urban waste water treatment plant. The ...
This study examined whether adolescents' perceptions and reactions to parental regulation were predicted by parents' communication style and by adolescents' self-determination. Adolescents (N = 294; Mage = 14.3) reported their self determination, and then read a hypothetical scenario of parental regulation of their academic behavior, whereby parents' communication style was either autonomy-supportive or psychologically controlling. Following the scenario, adolescents reported their perceptions of the situation (i.e., autonomy satisfaction, autonomy frustration, legitimacy) and their anticipated responses (i.e., oppositional defiance, negotiation). In response to psychological control, adolescents reported less autonomy satisfaction, more autonomy frustration, less legitimacy, and more defiance. Further, adolescents higher in self-determination reported less autonomy frustration, more legitimacy, less defiance, and more negotiation. Finally, self-determination moderated two effects of communication style: adolescents low on self-determination reported less legitimacy and more defiance in response to the psychologically controlling (vs. autonomy-supportive) situation. For adolescents high on self determination, these between-vignette differences were not significant.
