Suchergebnisse

The aim of this paper is to present an empirical analytical framework to address the actions of the decision-making body in the shaping of the foreign policy agenda, including a case study on its participation in the design of the Argentine foreign policy agenda between December 1999 and May 2003. In order to do this, a number of methodological approaches have been brought together in a complementary way, including qualitative and quantitative data from different sources (files, observation, interviews). The study illustrates that the issues which form part of Argentina's public agenda on foreign policy mainly depend on the ability of political actors to achieve cooperative outcomes and to ensure that these are enforced in time. ; El objetivo del artículo es presentar un esquema analítico de base empírica a partir del cual sea posible abordar el accionar del cuerpo decisional legislativo en la conformación de la agenda de política exterior, tomando como caso de estudio la participación de este en el diseño de la agenda de política exterior argentina entre diciembre de 1999 y mayo de 2003. Para ello, se articularon enfoques metodológicos a partir de lo que se conoce como complementación, esto es, la complementación de datos de distinta naturaleza (cualitativos-cuantitativos) y de distintas fuentes (archivos, observación, entrevistas). El trabajo permite concluir que los temas que forman parte de la agenda pública de política exterior argentina dependen fundamentalmente de la habilidad de los actores políticos para lograr resultados cooperativos y hacerlos cumplir en el tiempo. Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales

We propose a Kronecker product model for correlation or covariance matrices in the large dimensional case. The number of parameters of the model increases logarithmically with the dimension of the matrix. We propose a minimum distance (MD) estimator based on a log-linear property of the model, as well as a one-step estimator, which is a one-step approximation to the quasi-maximum likelihood estimator (QMLE). We establish rates of convergence and central limit theorems (CLT) for our estimators in the large dimensional case. A specification test and tools for Kronecker product model selection and inference are provided. In a Monte Carlo study where a Kronecker product model is correctly specified, our estimators exhibit superior performance. In an empirical application to portfolio choice for S&P500 daily returns, we demonstrate that certain Kronecker product models are good approximations to the general covariance matrix.

This article questions the idea that David Foster Wallace's Infinite Jest instigates new forms of sincerity. We begin by scrutinizing the theoretical underpinnings of Adam Kelly's influential reading of such 'New Sincerity'. Firstly, we argue that this theory misconstrues Jacques Derrida's notions of iterability and undecidability. It does so in order to corral their implications within an elitist understanding of the 'literary' text. Secondly, we argue that Kelly's reading ignores how Infinite Jest's supposed New Sincerity is geared exclusively towards the novel's white male characters. Through close readings of the novel's often celebrated AA scenes, and by drawing on the work of political and cultural theorist Denise Ferreira da Silva, we then show how this process works at the expense of black and female characters. By addressing how forms of racist and sexist exclusion constitute the novel's apparent New Sincerity, we argue that this reading works to restore white men to positions of representative cultural authority.

The article demonstrates how Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) geographic headings for the Southern Levant mirror the political investment of Congress and the American public in Middle East politics over the last thirty years. The headings' evolution as well as Library of Congress rules governing their creation is charted in detail. These LCSH headings contrast markedly with those established in other national libraries (BnF, DNB) and independent value vocabularies (TGN, GeoNames), and global opinion regarding the legal status of the occupied territories. I sketch the historical context of their formation and offer suggestions as to how libraries can "decolonize" their metadata in service of Sanford Berman's "access and equity."

Summary: In parallel with the expansion of the communist movement, a number of dissident currents emerged, which led to swimming in the community, both nationally and internationally. One of the most notable breaks was the separation of trotskism, where various aspects and groups were covered, heterogeneous in ideological and political terms. Because of its historical importance, in Chile the greatest dissent in the communist movement was hidal. This course, after several attempts to demonstrate its loyalty to Komintern, was welcomed by international trotskism, which, while reluctant about its possible inconsistency in doctrine, saw the possibility of forming a strong and potentially hegemonic party in that country. Relations of left-wing communist people with the International Secretariat, they highlight Chileans' ambiguous stance towards the formation of the International IV and their perseverance in taking political decisions that are independent of both international organisations. ; Resumen: A la par de la expansión del movimiento comunista, en su seno aparecieron diversas corrientes disidentes, que llegaron a provocar cismas en su seno, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional. Una de las rupturas más notables fue la separación del trotskismo, corriente donde tuvieron cabida diversas vertientes y grupos, heterogéneos en lo ideológico y político. Por su importancia histórica, en Chile la mayor disidencia en el movimiento comunista fue el hidalguismo. Esta corriente, después de varias tentativas de demostrar su lealtad a la Komintern, fue acogida por el trotskismo internacional que, aunque receloso de su eventual inconsistencia doctrinaria, vio en el hidalguismo la posibilidad de formar un partido fuerte y potencialmente hegemónico en este país. Las relaciones de los "comunistas de izquierda" con el Secretariado Internacional ponen de manifiesto la postura ambigua de los chilenos hacia la formación de la IV Internacional, así como su perseverancia en tomar decisiones políticas independientes de ambas ...

In this paper, we present a discrete time regime switching binomial-like model of the term structure where the regime switches are governed by a discrete time semi-Markov process. We model the evolution of the prices of zero-coupon when given an initial term structure as in the model by Ho and Lee that we aim to extend. We discuss and derive conditions for the model to be arbitrage free and relate this to the notion of martingale measure. We explicitly show that due to the extra source of uncertainty coming from the underlying semi-Markov process, there are an infinite number of equivalent martingale measures. The notion of path independence is also studied in some detail, especially in the presence of regime switches. We deal with the market incompleteness by giving an explicit characterization of the minimal entropy martingale measure. We give an application to the pricing of a European bond option both in a Markov and semi-Markov framework. Finally, we conclude.

Progress made in malaria control during the past decade has prompted increasing global dialogue on malaria elimination and eradication. The product development pipeline for malaria has never been stronger, with promising new tools to detect, treat, and prevent malaria, including innovative diagnostics, medicines, vaccines, vector control products, and improved mechanisms for surveillance and response. There are at least 25 projects in the global malaria vaccine pipeline, as well as 47 medicines and 13 vector control products. In addition, there are several next-generation diagnostic tools and reference methods currently in development, with many expected to be introduced in the next decade. The development and adoption of these tools, bolstered by strategies that ensure rapid uptake in target populations, intensified mechanisms for information management, surveillance, and response, and continued financial and political commitment are all essential to achieving global eradication.

Summary This article deals with opinion polls conducted around the 2012 presidential election that were published in the media. One of the purposes of the work is to analyse the number of surveys published, the frequency of the surveys (as in the case of the Millennium newspaper, which published the results of a survey on a daily basis), and the effect of bandwagon (winning trolley) that the media characterised as a horn (the advantage of a potential winner over the other contenders). However, this did not mean an improvement in the accuracy of the tool: it can be said that the 2012 opinion polls were incorporated into the media as part of the media performance, with limitations in the calculation of the sample and the procedures for selecting respondents, which allowed errors in the application of the surveys. ; Resumen El presente artículo trata de las encuestas de opinión realizadas en torno a la elección presidencial del 2012 que fueron publicadas en medios de información. Uno de los propósitos del trabajo es analizar la cantidad de sondeos publicados, la periodicidad de los mismos (como es el caso del periódico Milenio, que publicaba diariamente los resultados de una encuesta), y el efecto de bandwagon (carro ganador) que los medios caracterizaron como una horse race (la ventaja de un posible ganador sobre los demás contendientes). Sin embargo, todo esto no significó una mejoría en la precisión de la herramienta: se puede afirmar que las encuestas de opinión de 2012 fueron incorporadas a los medios de comunicación como parte del espectáculo mediático, con limitaciones en el cálculo de la muestra y las modalidades de selección de los entrevistados, lo que posibilitó errores en la aplicación de las encuestas.

It was eighty years ago that France and Spain first put in place a system of regulations for the control of the planting of vines. In terms of the European Union, with the exception of a brief respite from 1970 to 1976, the CMO (Common Market Organisation) has "temporarily" adopted these regulations. The permanent disappearance of these regulations, validated in the texts of the latest reform in 2008 for implementation by the 1.01.2016 or at the latest by 2018, was abundantly motivated, but as the deadline approaches, the wisdom of this deregulation is increasingly being called into question on a European scale by a large number of professionals and regional elected representatives, who fear that it may lead to disastrous consequences. By implementing such a decision, may we not be opening Pandora's Box in terms of European winemaking? ; Voilà maintenant quatre‐vingts ans, la France et l'Espagne mettaient en place des règles de contrôle des plantations de vigne. Au niveau de l'Union Européenne, à l'exception d'une courte trêve de 1970 à 1976, l'OCM‐vin a repris « temporairement » ces règles. Leur disparition définitive, actée dans les textes de la dernière réforme de 2008 pour le 1.01.2016 ou au plus tard 2018, a été abondamment motivée, mais à l'approche de l'échéance, le bien‐fondé de cette dérégulation est fortement remis en cause à l'échelle européenne par bon nombre de professionnels et d'élus de collectivités territoriales qui craignent des conséquences désastreuses. En mettant en œuvre une telle décision, ne va‐t‐on pas ouvrir la boite de Pandore de la viticulture européenne ? ; Hace ya ochenta años, Francia y España implementaron reglas de control de las plantaciones de vid. A nivel de la Unión Europea, con excepción de una corta tregua entre 1970 y 1976, la OCM Vino asumió "temporalmente" estas reglas. Su desaparición definitiva, incluida en los textos de la última reforma de 2008 para el 1.01.2016 o, a más tardar, en 2018, fue abundantemente motivada, pero, al aproximarse el término, un gran número de ...

After nine years of debate on institutional reform, the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty brings to a close a turbulent chapter of European integration. Many are of the opinion that the European Union should now focus its attention on other issues. Yet an important lesson can be learned from this saga: the current procedure for revising treaties is doomed to fail and could ultimately paralyze the Union because it increases the number of members who hold veto rights. This is why it is imperative that it be reformed. But how? And when? This study, which is the result of an expert group's collective endeavour, presents several concrete proposals for achieving this goal.

If a revolution is taken to be a decisive break with the past, how can there be a heritage of revolution? Conversely, how does any revolution affect tangible and intangible heritage, as well as shifting conceptions of heritage? In this introduction to four papers dedicated to the theme of 'Heritage and Revolution', we provide an overview of changing conceptualizations of both ideas and how they have shaped each other since the French Revolution first radically changed both. This special section's papers developed from the 2017 Annual Seminar of the Cambridge Heritage Research Group. 2017, as the centenary of the February and October Russian Revolutions, provided a global opportunity for reflection on these themes and for analysis of how contemporary heritagization of revolution (or lack thereof) molds and is molded by a society¿s conception of itself and its past. At at time of shifting political and heritage paradigms worldwide, this topic remains timely and fascinating. This work was supported by the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research [grant number JCNM.GFAC]

We summarize several results about non-simplicity, solvability and normal structure of finite groups related to the number of conjugacy classes appearing in the product or the power of conjugacy classes. We also collect some problems that have only been partially solved.

The contribution is intended to analyse, in line with the rouge of this issue, the arguments used by the Conseil constitutionnel in its decision declaring the prohibition of homosexual marriage to be lawful. The analysis of the judgment is preceded by a reconstruction of the constitutional rules governing marriage and the family, as well as a comparison between the rules governing Pacs and the matrimonial regime, in order to understand both the reasons for the claims of homosexuals' rights, dictated by the significant differences between Pacs and marriage, and the space left for any intervention by the legislature. ; International audience This contribution aims to analyze, in line with the theme of the current issue, the arguments made by the French Constitutional Council in the decision upholding the ban on gay marriage. The analysis of the sentence is preceded by a survey of the constitutional regulation of marriage and family and by a comparision between the regulation of marriage and Pacs, in order to clarify the reasons founding the struggle for gay rights in France, dictated by the differences between Pacs and marriage, and the space left for a possible intervention of the Legislator. ; The contribution is intended to analyse, in line with the rouge of this issue, the arguments used by the Conseil constitutionnel in its decision declaring the prohibition of homosexual marriage to be lawful. The analysis of the judgment is preceded by a reconstruction of the constitutional rules governing marriage and the family, as well as a comparison between the rules governing Pacs and the matrimonial regime, in order to understand both the reasons for the claims of homosexuals' rights, dictated by the significant differences between Pacs and marriage, and the space left for any intervention by the legislature. ; Il contributo intende analizzare, in linea con il fil rouge di questo numero, le argomentazioni utilizzate dal Conseil constitutionnel nella decisione in cui ha sancito la legittimità del divieto di matrimonio ...

Considering that the assumption that pensioners return to the city is regularly mentioned in the political speech, this article seeks to question the content of this hypothesis by returning to the definition of 'return' and then to test it on the basis of the example of the Brussels-Capital Region. This shows a dual level of definition, both macro and micro, implying a different reading of the phenomenon. At macro level, while there is an increase in the number of 50-69 year-olds in the city, the net migration for this age group remains negative, reflecting a certain difficulty for the urban world to keep its elderly residents. At the micro level, people who have experienced part of their childhood are returning to the city, just as in rural municipalities. ; Partant du constat que l'hypothèse d'un retour des retraités en ville est régulièrement évoquée dans le discours politique, cet article se propose d'interroger le contenu de cette hypothèse en revenant sur la définition du «retour» et, ensuite, de la tester à partir de l'exemple de la Région de Bruxelles-capitale. Il en ressort un double niveau de définition à la fois macro et micro impliquant une lecture différente du phénomène. Au niveau macro, si on observe une augmentation de l'immigration des 50-69 ans en ville, le solde migratoire pour ce groupe d'âge demeure négatif, traduisant une certaine difficulté du monde urbain à conserver ses résidants âgés. Au niveau micro, on observe un retour en ville de personnes qui y ont vécu une partie de leur enfance, de la même manière qu'on observe ce phénomène pour des communes rurales.

Since 2010, austerity plans are increasing in Europe to deal with the state debt crisis and to reassure the markets. The measures adopted by the various European governments, as well as the recommendations issued by the European bodies, are mainly of three types: reforms of social protection, privatisation, freezing of civil servants' salaries and reduction of their number. Cuts are foreseen in social spending, structural reforms are imposed: increasing the retirement age, increasing labour market flexibility, reducing unemployment benefits to make work more attractive, mandatory working hours for recipients of assistance, increased competition in health and social services. These policies lead to the destruction of social cohesion in the countries of southern and eastern Europe and further undermine the lack of solidarity between the peoples of Europe. Europe must lead tomorrow's policies and support countries in their efforts to invest in society. ; Depuis 2010, les plans d'austérité se multiplient en Europe pour faire face à la crise de la dette des États et pour rassurer les marchés. Les mesures adoptées par les différents gouvernements européens, ainsi que les recommandations émises par les instances européennes, sont principalement de trois types : réformes de la protection sociale, privatisations, gel du salaire des fonctionnaires et réduction de leur nombre. Des coupes sont prévues dans les dépenses sociales, des réformes structurelles sont imposées : augmentation de l'âge de départ à la retraite, flexibilisation accrue du marché du travail, baisse des prestations chômage pour rendre le travail plus attractif, heures de travail obligatoire pour les bénéficiaire de l'assistance, compétition renforcée dans le domaine des services sanitaires et sociaux. Ces politiques mènent à la destruction de la cohésion sociale des pays du Sud et de l'Est de l'Europe et ruinent un peu plus encore le peu de solidarité existant entre les peuples européens. L'Europe doit demain montrer la voie des politiques à mener pour ...